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21.
P. Gustin B. Urbain A. Delaunois K. Zeimes M. Ansay 《Veterinary research communications》1992,16(1):69-82
The right and left lungs of 5 healthy Minipigs and of 13 healthy Landrace piglets were isolated, perfused at constant pressure and maintained in an isogravimetric state under zone III conditions (pulmonary venous pressure>alveolar pressure). By applying the double, arterial and venous, occlusion technique, the total blood flow resistance (R
t) was partitioned into four components: arterial (R
a), pre-(R
a) and post-capillary (R
v) and venous (R
v). The capillary filtration coefficient (K
f,c) was evaluated by measuring the weight gained by the lungs when the arterial and venous pressures were suddenly increased. In the youngest Landrace piglets (5 weeks old), there was an uncontrolled vasoconstriction which sometimes prevented perfusion of the lungs and induced a large increase inR
t. These high values ofR
t were decreased by tolazoline administration. The values ofR
t recorded in older pigs (12–13 weeks old) were lower in Minipigs (33.66±3.77 cmH2O min L–1 per 100 g of lungs;n=5) than in Landrace piglets (55.20±6.18 cmH2O min L–1 per 100 g;n=5). This breed difference was due to the differences inR
a andR
v. The mean values ofK
f,c were 0.193±0.015 and 0.202±0.029 ml min (cmH2O)–1 per 100 g of the lungs in Minipigs and Landrace piglets respectively. All these parameters were stable for the 3 hours following the equilibrium period. It was concluded that: (1) There is an age-related maturation of the control of the vasomotor tone in porcine lungs. (2) Pulmonary microvascular haemodynamics are influenced by the breed of the pigs. (3) There was no difference in theK
f,c values between both the breeds. (4) A comparison of the values reported for dogs and rabbits with our data shows that the pre- and post-capillary resistances and, to a lesser extent, the arterial and venous resistances are relatively high in pigs. 相似文献
22.
Willem A. Man in 't Veld Arthur W.A.M. de Cock Elena Ilieva C. André Lévesque 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(1):51-62
Isozyme analysis and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and the 5.8S subunit of the ribosomal DNA gene repeat were used to examine whether isolates of Phytophthora porri from Allium and Brassica represent a single homogeneous species. Twenty-six strains of P. porri, 16 strains isolated from the genus Allium, and 10 strains isolated from the genus Brassica, were analyzed using malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), represented altogether by four putative loci (Mdh-2, Idh-1, Idh-2, and Ldh-2). Isozyme analysis revealed that strains isolated from Allium contained five private alleles at three isozyme loci (Ldh-2
83, Ldh-2
104, Idh-1
108, Idh-1
112, and Idh-2
98), whereas six different alleles were observed at four isozyme loci (Ldh-2
85, Ldh-2
100, Ldh-2
114, Idh-1
100, Idh-2
100, and Mdh-2
111) in strains obtained from Brassica. The heterozygosity at the Ldh-2 locus, differing in allele composition, however, between strains from Allium and Brassica, was present in all strains, indicating that it is probably fixed. Sequence analysis of the ITS regions and the 5.8S subunit showed consistent differences between isolates from Allium and isolates from Brassica. Based on isozyme data, ITS sequence analysis and formerly published differences in restriction enzyme patterns of mitochondrial DNA, morphology and pathogenicity, it was concluded that the isolates of P. porri Foister did not represent a homogeneous species. Isolates from Brassica constitute a distinct species which is described here as P. brassicae sp. nov. It was inferred from isozyme patterns, which were in no case intermediate between the two species, that P. porri and P. brassicae do not hybridize and are reproductively isolated by barriers to gene flow. 相似文献
23.
红肉脐橙(Citrus sinensis L.)果肉中特征色素提取方法探索 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
红肉脐橙是目前为止惟一果肉呈粉红色或红色的脐橙,其呈色色素尚未见报道。为深入研究其果肉中特征色素的构成及在果实生长发育和贮存过程中色素含量的变化,本研究在对该色素初步定性的基础上对提取方法进行了探索。在分析红肉脐橙果肉中色素萃取液的紫外可见吸收光谱时发现,该色素有类胡萝卜素的特征吸收峰,将萃取液进行薄层层析则进一步证实其内含有番茄红素。在色素提取的前处理方式上,本研究认为冷冻干燥样品的浸提效果较真空干燥的样品稳定(变异系数小),且浸提率相差无几,所以选择冷冻干燥作为合适的样品前处理方式。色素浸提条件的正交实验结果表明,最佳浸提条件为50℃、1.5h内浸提4次,浸提的料液比为1:60。此外,浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提料液比和浸提次数对浸提率都有显著影响,影响最大的因素是浸提温度,最佳温度为50℃,随温度降低浸提率显著降低。其次是侵提时间的长短,最佳浸提时间为1.5h,延长或缩短0.5h都会使浸提率下降。浸提次数对浸提率的影响是最小的。 相似文献
24.
25.
26.
MB22木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过因素轮换试验和正交试验,对MB22菌产木聚糖酶的培养基配方和发酵条件进行了研究。结果显示最佳培养基组成是:以玉米芯粉和麸皮为碳源,麸皮120g/l,玉米芯280g/l,(NH4)2SO44g/l,CaCO31.5g/l,Tween80,2.0g/l,MgSO4·7H2O1.5g/l;最佳发酵条件为:起始pH5.0,摇床培养温度30℃,转速160r/min,振荡培养84h。在最佳发酵条件下,MB22菌的最高产酶活力可达898.23U/ml。虽然与一些高产菌株相比该菌株的产酶能力还有待于进一步提高,但该试验结果为进一步进行微生物生产木聚糖酶的研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
27.
Traffic has a considerable effect on population and community dynamics through the disruption and fragmentation of habitat
and traffic mortality. This paper deals with a systematic way to acquire knowledge about the probabilities of successful road
crossing by mammals and what characteristics affect this traversability. We derive a model from traffic flow theory to estimate
traffic mortality in mammals related to relevant road, traffic and species characteristics. The probability of successful
road crossing is determined by the pavement width of the road, traffic volume, traversing speed of the mammals and their body
length. We include the traversability model in a simple two-patch population model to explore the effects of these road, traffic
and species characteristics on population dynamics. Analysis of the models show that, for our parameter ranges, traffic volume
and traversing speed have the largest effect on traffic mortality. The population size is especially negatively affected when
roads have to be crossed during the daily movements. These predictions could be useful to determine the expected effectiveness
of mitigating measures relative to the current situation. Mitigating measures might alter the road and traffic characteristics.
The effects of these changes on traffic mortality and population dynamics could be analysed by calculating the number of traffic
victims before and after the mitigating measures.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
28.
为了提高支管射流三通水力性能,改善滴灌的灌水均匀性,基于CFX数值模拟技术,对进口宽度为15 mm的支管射流三通进行结构优化.选取位差、劈距、劈尖半径和侧壁倾角为影响因素,通过四因素三水平正交设计了9组模型,边界条件设定为进口压力100 kPa.选取支管射流三通出口设计流量为评价标准,支管射流三通最优结构尺寸为位差5.5 mm、劈距113 mm、劈尖半径13 mm、侧壁倾角10°.此结构尺寸参数下的支管射流三通水力性能试验结果表明:在进口水压为100 kPa时,支管射流三通脉冲频率为148次/min,水头压力振幅为37.9 kPa,水头压力损失为16.7 kPa,出口流量为0.698 L/s;支管射流三通所接滴灌带长度为60 m时,与普通支管三通相比,支管射流三通的灌水均匀系数提高了2.78%,流量偏差率降低了4.72%.该研究可为射流技术在脉冲滴灌系统的研究、开发与应用提供理论依据. 相似文献
29.
为研究水肥一体化技术中的水肥混合特性,以流体力学中的两相流理论为基础,针对水肥混合过程中混合时间、混合区间长度、流速及管径对其混合效果的影响进行相应的数值模拟研究。结果表明,混合时间及混合区间长度越长有利于提高水肥混合效果及最终水肥混合均匀性;水肥流速比较低时管内水肥混合的均匀性较好,且水肥流速越大则其混合效果及均匀性越好;水肥流速较低时输水管及输肥管的管径比对水肥混合均匀性的影响较大,两者管径比越小则混合效果越好,随着流速的提高两者管径比对其混合效果的影响逐渐减弱。 相似文献
30.
The material flow and bulk internal flow analyses were used to establish a material accumulation and cycling model for a low-quality forest stand improvement system and a series of processes were considered. The model was applied in a one-hectare low-quality forest plot in the Lesser Khingan Range of China. Results showed that during 1997–2007, the stands absorbed 270.19 kg of N, 74.28 kg of P, and 124.39 kg of K from soils, 51.82 kg of N and 2.38 kg of P were directly absorbed by foliage, and 16.25 kg of K was released to soils by eluviation. Until 2007, the accumulated nutrients in the stands included 236.91 kg of N, 65.28 kg of P, and 108.55 kg of K. When horizontal strip clearcutting was applied in 2007, 50% accumulated nutrients in the stands were shifted due to harvesting operations, and 212.74 kg of N, 26.97 kg of P, and 98.88 kg of K were accumulated in soils, declining by 9.47% for N, 3.68% for P, and 17.60% for K, respectively, compared with year 1997. 94.61 t per hectare of biomass was generated, of which the biomass in stands accounted for 87.36%. The felled tree biomass was 36.89 t per hectare, of which 84.90% and 10.03% of biomass were utilized in terms of logs and other means, and the rest was left on site. 相似文献