柑橘皮渣资源化利用研究进展

目的探究青贮柑橘皮渣饲料用作部分羊饲料饲喂小尾寒羊的效果。方法首先跟踪考察柑橘皮渣营养成分含量随青贮时间的变化情况,再用青贮4个月的柑橘皮渣饲料替代20%的育成羊全价饲料和草料,对4月龄的小尾寒羊进行为期5个月的饲喂试验,考察其对小尾寒羊的体重、身高、肉质和饲料成本等的影响。结果当柑橘皮渣青贮2个月时,pH降为3.73,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量均达到最大值;青贮2~4个月,粗蛋白含量保持在较高水平。青贮柑橘皮渣饲喂第1月,试验组平均日增重比对照组低0.026 kg(P<0.05);饲喂2~5月,试验组平均日增重高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组羊肉营养成分含量略有增加但不显著(P>0.05),羊肉脂肪酸中的十五碳酸、棕榈酸和十七烷酸含量分别减少0.515%、3.2%和1.5% (P<0.05);每公斤羊增重成本降低16.07元,每公斤羊纯利润增加11.52元。结论柑橘皮渣适宜的青贮时间为2~4个月,该青贮柑橘皮渣饲料可有效增加小尾寒羊的平均日增重,略微增加羊肉营养成分含量,可改善羊肉脂肪酸组成,降低饲料成本,提高经济效益。     

饲粮添加不同水平果胶寡糖螯合锌对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和血清抗氧化功能的影响

目的探讨亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽对断奶仔兔血清和肠道组织抗氧化指标的影响。方法将300只35日龄断奶的新西兰白兔根据不同饲粮添加成分,分为5个处理组,分别是亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽(BMD)高、中、低剂量添加组(100、50、25 mg/kg),杆菌肽锌(BZ)对照组(50 mg/kg)、空白对照组(无添加)。饲喂35 d后测定血液和肠道中抗氧化功能相关指标。结果与空白对照组相比,BMD和BZ显著提高了血清和肠道中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),BMD组和BZ组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论日粮中添加BMD可提高断奶仔兔的抗氧化功能,且以100 mg/kg的添加量最适宜。     

基于北斗船位数据的渔业信息解译与应用研究——以中国毛虾限额捕捞管理为例

针对中国毛虾 (Acetes chinensis) 产量逐年锐减问题,中国开始对近海海域实施毛虾限额捕捞措施,采用视频监控技术辅助捕捞管理。提出一种基于3-2D融和模型的毛虾捕捞渔船行为识别方法,为限额捕捞管理提供新的解决方案。通过在毛虾渔船上4个固定位置安装高清摄像设备,并记录捕捞作业全过程,共获取600余个视频监控数据作为初始数据;从初始数据中筛选有效的视频数据,同时对视频数据进行5种行为的划分和标记。为了提高网络训练的效率,对视频数据进行压缩和帧数分割等预处理;最后,通过搭建3-2D融合的卷积神经网络来训练模型,实现渔船行为特征的提取和分类。结果表明,捕捞渔船行为识别方法的分类精度为95.35%,召回率为94.50%,平均精确度为96.60%,模型整体得分达93.32%,平均检测时间为35.46 ms·帧⁻¹,可用于毛虾渔船捕捞视频的实时分析。     

Effect of the duration of commercial journeys between rearing farms and growing–finishing farms on the physiological stress response of weaned piglets

To find the effect of journey duration on the stress levels of weaned piglets a combination of physiological welfare indicators was used. One hundred and thirty-six piglets were monitored in two replicates of a short (0.6 h) and a long (8.3 h) commercial transport from a rearing to a growing–finishing farm. Variables studied were haematocrit, red blood cell count (RBC), total white blood cell count (WBC), differential WBC counts, serum pig's major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP), haptoglobin (Hp), cortisol, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and albumin before loading and immediately after unloading. A marked increase in leucocytes (P < 0.01) and a tendency to lower eosinophil concentrations (P = 0.086) were observed in those piglets transported during the short journeys. On the other hand, the decrease in lymphocytes was particularly remarkable in the long journeys (P < 0.01). No increase in Hp concentrations after the transports was found, but an increase in Pig-MAP concentrations was observed at the end of the long journeys (P < 0.001). Cortisol concentrations did not show significant changes in either short or long journeys. According to CPK (P < 0.05) and LDH activities, some physical fatigue was detected at the end of transports, particularly in the short journeys. The decrease in haematocrit values in the short journeys (P < 0.05), and the absence of variations in RBC, albumin, and total protein concentrations would indicate that the loss of body water during both transport durations was reduced. Sex did not affect the response of piglets to transport, which could be attributable to the young age of the animals. Changes in albumin concentrations (P < 0.05), together with the tendencies to higher WBC (P = 0.092) and neutrophil counts (P = 0.076), suggest a more marked response to the stress of transport in heterozygous for the halothane gene (Nn) piglets than in homozygous negative (NN) piglets. Overall results indicate that, although transports were generally stressful, it is unclear which of the two durations was more detrimental for piglet welfare, and suggest a different stress response to transport with respect to that of older pigs.     

环境温湿度对奶牛血清生化指标影响的研究

本试验以荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象,研究不同环境温度、湿度下对奶牛血清生化指标的影响。结果表明：随着环境温度的逐渐下降和舍内湿度的升高,血清TP、Glu含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,血清ALB含量明显下降,血清BUN含量呈波动性变化;血清Ca含量显著下降,血清P含量在舍外-2.5℃时最低,以后随着温度的进一步降低而显著升高。本试验说明奶牛血清中的某些生化指标可随环境温湿度的变化而变化。     

The effect of different dietary ratios of lysine,arginine and methionine on biochemical parameters and hormone secretion in turkeys

We postulated that the use of optimal levels and proportions of Lys, Arg and Met in compound feed allows for optimal exploitation of the growth potential of contemporary slaughter turkey hybrids and reduces metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different proportions of Lys, Arg and Met in diets whose Lys content is in accordance with NRC recommendations, that is a low level, on selected parameters of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on hormone secretion in turkeys. The lowest Arg content (90% Lys) in the diet resulted in an increase in plasma total cholesterol levels in the turkeys as compared to higher Arg content (100% or 110% of Lys), (2.50 vs. 2.09 vs. 1.83). Plasma HDL and creatinine concentration increased in turkeys fed diets with higher Arg content (100% and 110% Lys) compared to turkeys receiving the diet with the lowest Arg content (90% Lys). Compared to turkeys receiving the lowest and intermediate Arg content (90% and 100% Lys), the diet with the highest content of this AA (110% Lys) resulted in an increase in the plasma T4 level (71.21 vs. 86.60 vs. 128.2). The varied Arg and Met levels relative to Lys did not affect the secretion of neurotransmitters or hormones regulating glucose metabolism. At low levels of Met in the diet, an decrease in Arg relative to Lys from 100% to 90% caused a growth depression of turkeys (10.68 vs. 10.21 kg), which was not noted in the case of the higher Met content. When using the Lys level recommended by NRC in the turkey diet, the optimal Arg level is 100% and Met is 45% compared to Lys.     

生物颗粒饲料饲喂产奶牛试验

采用饲喂生物颗粒饲料的中等产奶牛产奶量平均增加15.91%(P采用生物颗粒饲料饲喂奶牛试验,发现饲喂生物颗粒饲料的中等产奶牛产奶量平均增加15.91%(P<0.05);乳脂率下降4.25%,乳蛋白增加5.22%,乳糖增加3.92%,但差异不显著。奶牛饲喂生物颗粒饲料,平均每头奶牛每天新增收入3.35元,经济效益显著;奶牛健康状况良好,无疾病发生。     

饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊泌乳性能及抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊泌乳性能和乳腺组织抗氧化能力的影响,实验选用12只健康经产泌乳中期关中奶山羊,随机分为两组,分别饲喂精粗比为35∶65(低精料组, LC, n=6)和65∶35(高精料组, HC, n=6)的日粮。实验期共10周,实验期间采集羊奶与血液;实验结束后采用静脉注射的方法对山羊进行安乐死,随后采集乳腺组织并迅速置于液氮中速冻后保存于-70 ℃待测。结果显示,HC组山羊乳产量显著高于LC组(P<0.01),同时乳中乳糖,乳蛋白的比例随着泌乳时间的增加而显著升高。与LC组山羊比较,HC组山羊乳腺组织中SREBP1和GLUT1 mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.05);磷酸化AKT1蛋白表达呈下降趋势(P=0.08);除此之外,HC组山羊乳腺组织的总抗氧化能力T-AOC(P=0.06)和GSH酶活均呈下降趋势(P=0.08)。这些结果表明,长期饲喂高精料日粮可降低乳腺组织的抗氧化能力,同时可降低乳中乳脂率以及乳腺组织中SREBP-1和P-AKT的表达。     

我国2007年来源文献量2000篇以上的刊物分析

采用《中国学术期刊综合引证报告》的统计数据,对2007年来源文献量2000篇以上的29种刊物的主要引证指标进行了分析。     

Analysis and Design of Agricultural Sustainability Indicators System

The development and characteristic of agricultural sustainability indicators system （Sis）, at home and abroad, was reviewed. It was pointed out that the existing domestic methods of sustainability evaluation can not be accepted by foreign scholars, and their scientific basis is inadequate. The experience and shortcomings of the previous studies on the indicators selection and evaluation methods were analyzed, also with the significance for practice. Finally, a new SIs for agriculture development evaluation was proposed, together with the corresponding calculation and evaluation methods. The farmer development index indicator was proposed to embody the viewpoint that the development of people is the ultimate aim; the dynamic weight calculation method was designed to reflect the various significance of the different indicators when their values were changing; and new indicators integrate methods were also explored.