Regional socio-economic importance of fisheries in Finland

The total value of Finnish fisheries production in 1997 was almost FIM 2 billion. The bulk of this sum was from processing and wholesaling, but in terms of value added, somewhat more than half was contributed by the primary sector, i.e. fishing and fish farming. In economic terms, fisheries accounted for 0.1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1997 and the relative job creation capacity was 0.15%. This paper examines the structure of Finnish fisheries in terms of production value and employment. It also considers the level of dependency on fisheries and of value added along the production chain. The focus is on concentration of the industry and on input to the economy at the regional level. The concentration of fisheries and regional dependence on fisheries are assessed in absolute and relative terms. Examining employment and value added in these two ways enables the regional nature of fisheries to be shown in greater detail. The input of fisheries to the regional economy is examined by the share of value added and by location quotients. The location quotient compares an area's share of a particular activity with that area's share of some basic or aggregated phenomenon. The location quotient showed that fisheries have importance not only in the coastal area but also inland.     

南沙群岛重要珊瑚礁水域鱼类资源数量分布

1998年3—5月和1999年5—6月．采用手钓、延绳钓和流刺网3种作业方式在南沙群岛的渚碧、南薰、东门、美济、赤瓜、永署和华阳等7座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查。结果表明,7座珊瑚礁水域不同作业方式的鱼类资源相对丰盛度差别较大,其中刺网以永暑礁最高,手钓以华阳礁最高,延绳钓以南薰礁最高;同时．刺网和手钓不同水深区域鱼类资源的相对丰盛度也不相同．其中刺网以11～30m区域最高．手钓以10m以浅和51～80m区域较高;分析认为,造成礁区之间鱼类相对丰盛度差异的主要原因不是初级生产力．而是生态环境因素,主要是礁盘形态和大型海藻的数量。另外．各礁区水域的优势类群有明显不同．这主要与洞穴的大小和数量、大型海藻及珊瑚的种类和数量等生物和非生物环境有关。     

Yield, growth and mortality rate of the Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis, in Sirinthorn Reservoir, Thailand

The Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, is a clupeid with a short life span, and supports artisanal fisheries in a number of reservoirs in the Mekong Basin. The growth parameters, mortality rates and the status of the Thai river sprat in Sirinthorn Reservoir (28 800 ha), NE Thailand (15°N; 105°E), are presented. The fishery is based on lured lift‐nets, operated 7–14 days in the new moon period, September to April each year. It was shown that the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) model was L_t (mm) = 78.43[1 ? exp{?0.211[t ? (?0.7996)]}] and its growth conformed to an isometric pattern. Natural mortality rate (month^?1) was 0.13 month^?1. Total mortality rates ranged from 0.69 to 1.53 month^?1 depending on the weather and the fishing season. Recruitment was continuous throughout the year but peaked in June and July. The yield per recruit model indicated that the exploitation rate of this fishery is probably too high.     

Fisheries and trade of seahorses, Hippocampus spp., in southern India

Abstract  Seahorses ( Hippocampus spp. ) are a major commodity fished from the shallow coastal seas of the south coast of India where there is an abundance of sea grasses, sponges and corals. They are in great demand for export as traditional medicines, curios and aquarium fish. Organised fishing and trade of seahorses exists in India along the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar coasts. At the Palk Bay coast, seahorses are targeted by divers along with sea cucumbers ( Holothuria spp. ) and gastropods (e.g. Murex spp., Xancus pyrum Hornell). In the Gulf of Mannar, most of the seahorses are landed as bycatch of shrimp trawling. Seahorses are also fished from Kerala as a bycatch of trawling, although no organised fishery and trade exists. Five species of seahorses were identified from the Palk Bay coast, whereas only two species were obtained from Kerala. Most seahorses from India are exported to Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. The volume of dried seahorse trade from India was estimated to be 9.75 t as derived from catch data in 2001, which was much higher than official statistics of 4.34 t during 2001–2002, suggesting the major part of the exports might be through non-conventional means and goes undeclared. Some aspects of the impact of large-scale fishing and trade on conservation of these seahorses are discussed.     

贵州黔中地区彩叶观赏树种蓝果树种质资源调查研究

为发掘更好的彩叶观赏树种蓝果树种质资源和进一步开发利用及保存,采用400 m2的标准样法对黔中地区11个县（市、区）的蓝果树种质资源进行调查,观察土壤颜色、测量土层厚度和海拔;测量树高、胸径、冠幅、枝下高及代表植株的5～12片叶的叶长、叶宽,并观察其叶形和叶色;记录样地内所有伴生植物的种类。结果表明：蓝果树生长的土壤多为酸性的黄壤,土层厚度在24～212 cm 之间,海拔在1021～1439 m 之间。平均叶长在8.1～12.7 cm 之间,平均叶宽在3.6～6.2 cm 之间,叶色方面主要变化有绿色间紫红色或红色、铁锈红色、绿色。21个样地中蓝果树的平均年龄多在10～20年,多数胸径小于10 cm,平均胸径最大的30.9 cm,其次为19.0 cm。21个样地中均有的伴生植物都为酸性土壤的指示性植物。初步查清了黔中地区蓝果树种质资源,为发掘更好的蓝果树种质资源和良种选育、进一步开发利用及保存提供基础参考。     

Spatially explicit fisheries simulation models for policy evaluation

This paper deals with the design of modelling tools suitable for investigating the consequences of alternative policies on the dynamics of resources and fisheries, such as the evaluation of marine protected areas (MPA). We first review the numerous models that have been developed for this purpose, and compare them from several standpoints: population modelling, exploitation modelling and management measure modelling. We then present a generic fisheries simulation model, Integration of Spatial Information for FISHeries simulation (ISIS‐Fish). This spatially explicit model allows quantitative policy screening for fisheries with mixed‐species harvests. It may be used to investigate the effects of combined management scenarios including a variety of policies: total allowable catch (TAC), licenses, gear restrictions, MPA, etc. Fisher's response to management may be accounted for by means of decision rules conditioned on population and exploitation parameters. An application to a simple example illustrates the relevance of this kind of tool for policy screening, particularly in the case of mixed fisheries. Finally, the reviewed models and ISIS‐Fish are discussed and confronted in the light of the underlying assumptions and model objectives. In the light of this discussion, we identify desirable features for fisheries simulation models aimed at policy evaluation, and particularly MPA evaluation.     

1种新型粘土无机膜在水产品加工废水处理中的应用前景

介绍 1种新型粘土无机膜 ,膜平均孔径 2 3～ 2 6nm。与其他无机膜相比 ,该膜制作工艺简单。实验证明 ,该膜对高温具有较强的稳定性 ,对溶剂和化学物质具较强的耐腐蚀作用 ,且蛋白质分离浓缩效率较高 ,非常适用于水产品加工厂的废水处理及蛋白质回收     

远洋捕捞渔船电子监控视频文字信息提取

计算机图像处理技术发展迅速,基于OCR(Optical Character Recognition)的图像文字提取得到广泛应用。在远洋渔业捕捞中,EMS(Electronic Monitoring System)逐渐开始使用,视频中文字信息提取是系统的重要功能之一。通过左右舷、前甲板、后甲板安装的4个摄像头,获取渔船作业的视频影像,再利用jTessBoxEditor软件生成图片样本,人工添加文字标签,然后通过tesseract软件训练标注的样本,制作traineddata字库,最后用Python编程提取远洋捕捞渔船监控视频中的时间、位置、航速、航向等信息,提取的960条记录,经与原图片对比全部正确,提取的文字信息可为视频存档和渔业管理提供参考。     

基于AHP-熵权TOPSIS模型的辽宁省各城市土地承载力评价

[目的]定量分析评价辽宁省各城市土地承载力状况并对其障碍因子进行诊断,为辽宁省土地利用合理开发提供建议,也为区域土地承载力评价研究提供新思路。[方法]以辽宁省14个地级市作为研究区域,基于2018年Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像,进行土地利用分类获得土地各类型用地面积并结合社会经济数据,构建了土地承载力评价指标体系,并利用AHP-熵权TOPSIS模型,对土地资源承载力进行评价。运用障碍度模型对土地承载力障碍因子进行诊断。[结果]辽宁省城市分别呈现不同的承载力状态。盘锦市、大连市以及沈阳市土地承载力相对较高,但社会子系统是制约其土地承载力的主要障碍因素。鞍山市和营口市承载力表现为相对低的状态,其经济子系统的是制约土地承载力提高的主要因素。[结论]辽宁省各城市土地承载力距离其理想状态还有着一定距离,应促进社会、经济、资源3个子系统协调发展进而提高土地承载力。     

基于熵权TOPSIS的河南省农业水土资源承载力时空分异与关联分析

目前全球粮食生产面临巨大的挑战,作为我国重要的粮食输出大省,河南省的农业水土资源承载能力直接关系到我国的粮食安全。为客观反映河南农业水土资源承载力状况,通过构建熵权TOPSIS模型,对近10年河南省农业水土资源承载能力的时空动态变化做了定量研究,并对其影响因素进行了关联分析。结果表明:(1)2006—2018年,河南省农业水土资源承载力指数平均值0.266,承载力水平总体上升但波动较大,承载力指数最高值与最低值相差近1.26倍,除2018年外,绝大多数年份处于稳定水平; 濮阳、焦作、鹤壁农业水土资源承载力年均增长速率较快,均超过9%; 信阳和驻马店下降较多,年均分别下降8.49%和2.77%;(2)河南省农业水土资源承载力在空间上的分布规律为:豫北>豫南>豫东>豫西,其中郑州、新乡、信阳、商丘、许昌5市较高,开封、平顶山、漯河、鹤壁4市较低,研究时段内豫南农业水土资源承载力逐渐下降、豫北和豫东逐渐增高;(3)农作物受灾面积比例、本年度农林水利工程投资比例、废水处理率、农业水土资源匹配系数以及森林覆盖率是影响河南省农业水土资源承载力的主要因素。可见,为提升农业水土资源承载力,河南省应加强高标准基本农田建设,提高耕地的防灾抗灾能力,同时加大生态环境保护投入力度。