海洋渔业管理与ISO14000环境管理系列标准的比较研究

本文从ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理系列标准的概念、要素和实施等方面,对渔业管理和资源保护工业进行了对比分析研究。有助于理解国际渔业管理的趋势和一些公约、管理措施形式的内涵,对我国渔业的生态环境保护工作给以启迪,以便引起对物种多样性和生态系统平衡问题的重视。文章还建议我国的名级政府和企业等组织应加强渔业资源环境保护意识,制定各自的渔业资源环境保护方针和规划,并公开宣布,接受公众监督;建立渔业生产活动的有     

东海区伏季休渔渔业生态效果的分析研究

以１９９０ ～１９９８ 年我国东海区的海洋渔业统计资料和渔业资源动态监测资料为依据,分析研究１９９５ ～１９９８ 年伏季休渔对东海区渔业生态效果的影响。结果表明,带鱼等主要经济鱼类的产卵群体得到了有效保护;经济幼鱼的渔获比例及其资源密度指数有所提高,幼鱼群体养护效果也较明显;渔获个体的生物学特征值具有转好的趋势;主要经济鱼类资源生物量明显增加;渔业资源的种间结构得到一定程度的改善;年渔获产量明显增加,单位捕捞努力量渔获量（ＣＰＵＥ） 有所提高。     

Community-based management of subsistence fisheries in Samoa

Much subsistence fishing in tropical regions is based in discrete communities which have a high level of marine awareness and some degree of control of adjacent waters. These factors provide an ideal basis on which to motivate communities to manage their own marine resources. A fisheries extension programme in Samoa encouraged each village community to define its key problems, discuss causes, propose solutions and take appropriate actions. Various village groups, including women's and untitled men's groups, provided information which was recorded (as problem/solution trees) on portable white-boards. The extension process culminated in a community-owned Fisheries Management Plan which listed the resource management and conservation undertakings of the community. Undertakings ranged from enforcing laws banning destructive fishing methods to protecting critical marine habitats. Within the first 2 years, the extension process commenced in 65 villages, of which 44 have produced Village Fisheries Management Plans to date. A large number (38) of these villages chose to establish community-owned Marine Protected Areas.     

An appraisal of factors constraining the success of fish stock enhancement programmes

Stocking and introduction of fish have been widely applied in Yunnan Province, China, for many years to mitigate for declines in natural stocks and commercial catches, and to restore or create new fisheries. The present paper assesses the results of activities concerned with stock enhancement programmes to evaluate the factors which have contributed towards the success of these projects. Factors such as natural lake conditions, stocking density, the age and size of fish stocked, and the mechanisms of stocking are discussed. Stocking density was evaluated using the equations Y _p = [ B ( P / B ) U _f]/ K _f or PY_p = (P × U_f)/K_f, which were based on the ecological carrying capacity of the recipient lake and other criteria. The stocking density in most lakes in Yunnan was high, but the recapture rates and total yield did not reach the predicted levels. This may have been an effect of the size of the fingerlings released (finger-lings >10 cm have a greater chance of survival). Key management measures for stocking and the ecological impacts of overstocking grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), are also described.     

Effects of eutrophication on fish and fisheries in Finnish lakes: a survey based on random sampling

Abstract The effects of eutrophication on fish and fisheries in Finnish lakes were determined by an extensive lake survey conducted in 1995 and 1996. The study lakes (873) were chosen by stratified random sampling from all Finnish lakes with a surface area ≥ 0.04km² (29,515 lakes in all). The chemical parameters of the lake water were determined for water samples taken in autumn 1995. Information on the fish stocks of the study lakes was collected by means of a postal questionnaire sent to local fishing authorities and lake owners. The results show that the fish community structure is cyprinid dominated, reflecting eutrophication in 2100 lakes (7% of all the target lakes). Strong fouling of the fishing gear, as well as a great abundance of unwanted species in the catch of passive gears, were considered to be a continuous problem in more than 10% of the lakes. Roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), and bream, Abramis brama (L.), were the most common species to have increased in abundance in the study lakes, whereas burbot, Lota lota (L.), and vendace, Coregonus albula (L.), decreased, especially in highly eutrophic lakes. High total phosphorus and cyprinid dominance in lakes were found mainly in the most intensive agricultural regions in the western and southern parts of Finland.     

两船会遇粘性流场数值模拟研究

随着航运的快速发展,港口、内河中船舶密度逐步增加,船舶航行间距的减小使得船舶之间的水动力干扰越来越明显,严重影响了船舶的安全航行。本文基于现代粘性流动网格技术,针对由于水动力干扰引起的船舶六自由度运动,数值模拟了两船相向运动工况下的流场变化情况。文章的结论对于当操纵船舶遇到会遇情况时,对船舶驾驶人员起到一定的指导作用。     

基于双重注意力机制的渔业标准实体关系抽取

针对渔业标准实体关系抽取任务中存在重叠关系导致的效果不好问题,提出了基于双重注意力机制的实体关系抽取方法。首先,提出了一种句式分类标注策略,以解决渔业标准文本中重叠关系难以标注的问题;其次,提出了结合双重注意力机制与BERT-BiLSTM-CRF(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory-Conditional Random Field)的渔业标准实体关系抽取模型,分别利用字级别注意力机制和句子级别注意力机制优化权重分配、消除噪音,进而提高关系抽取的准确性;最后,为验证所提出方法的有效性设计了对比试验,结果表明,基于双重注意力机制的实体关系抽取方法在DLOU-FSI(Fishery Standard Interaction)数据集(36万字符)上准确率、召回率、F1值分别达到了92.67%、92.31%、92.49%。研究表明,该方法可有效解决渔业标准关系抽取任务中存在的重叠关系问题,提升了渔业标准实体关系抽取的整体效果,为构建渔业标准知识图谱提供参考。     

休闲农业园区生态系统经济能值投入产出分析

将能值引入休闲农业园区进行生态学与经济学的系统分析,是生态学、经济学和旅游学的一种融合,为休闲农业园区系统能值分析中各系统间互作分析的量化评价探索了新的途径.分析结果表明:福州市龙台山生态园农业生态系统中种植业、渔业、畜牧业和旅游业之间存在经济能值的依存关系,有着直接的相互作用.种植业子系统是整个福州市龙台山生态园农业生态系统的基础,旅游业、渔业和畜牧业在种植业的基础上发展,对物质和能量的再利用起了重要作用,但农业生态系统的内部结构有待进一步调整,以加强各子系统间的互作,提高物质与能量的使用效率.     

渔业统计年报数字化管理系统的开发与应用

从系统总体设计流程、纸质年报处理过程、数据库结构设计、文件存储与添加方式、系统界面与检索方式等多个方面,描述了基于Web的渔业统计年报数字化管理系统的设计和开发过程,该系统的应用使大量渔业生产年报资料得以数字化保存和检索。系统由渔业年报管理、系统管理、信息查询和个人工具等模块组成。年报管理模块以年度为时间单位,细分为统计年度管理、年度分册管理和统计表管理等3个子模块。程序提供“批量”与“逐条循环”添加方式和“分散”与“集中”编辑方式,采用存储过程实现数据库层面的操作更新,数据备份与还原采用基于Web的一键式设计。实际运行表明,系统简便实用。灵活高效的编辑方式和丰富的网上检索方式,不仅有效地保存了企业珍贵的年报资料,使历年年报的利用效率显著提高;也在一定程度上提升了单位形象。     

舟山沿岸渔业资源修复

主要分析了舟山沿岸渔场渔业资源衰退的现状,通过分析得出导致其资源衰退的主要影响因素,为合理利用舟山沿岸渔场资源、真正实现渔业资源的可持续发展以及舟山市的海洋战略提供参考.