哺乳动物雌性生殖系统β-防御素的研究进展

β-防御素（beta-defensian,BD）在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统中广泛表达,在免疫、预防生殖道感染及胎儿正常发育等方面起到重要作用。主要对哺乳动物β-防御素在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统组织中的分布、作用及其调控进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期更好地揭示β-防御素在雌性生殖系统中的影响,从而为β-防御素的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

海涂哺鸡竹笋产量分布和竿径变化规律的初步研究

对海涂哺鸡竹笋产量分布和竿径变化规律初步研究结果表明，哺鸡竹出笋不均勾，盛笋期在整个笋期的中前期；笋期从造林后开始逐年推迟，最后稳定在５月上旬左右。竹竿胸径逐年增粗，到成林时基本稳定，受土壤条件影响较深。     

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization Coupling on Biological Characteristics,Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Rice in Cold Regions Under Leaf Age Regulation

【Objective】The objective is to improve the growth and development of rice by optimizing water and fertilizer supply in rice growing duration.【Method】A field experiment of fertilization and irrigation under leaf age regulation was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at 852 Farm in Heilongjiang Province. Rice variety Kendao 24 was used as material under two irrigation modes (leaf age irrigation mode, LI; conventional irrigation mode, RI) and two fertilization modes (leaf age regulation side deep fertilization mode, SF; conventional fertilization mode, RF).【Result】Rice morphological traits, photosynthetic characteristics, water and fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield were significantly affected by LI+SF (P< 0.05). Compared with RI + RF, LI+SF significantly increased leaf area index, adventitious root number per plant, total root length, total root surface area and total root volume by 21.2%, 22.7%, 20.8%, 45.2% and 17.8%, respectively. Photosynthetic rate, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents and stomatal conductance were significantly increased by 17.4%, 18.4%, 26.8% and 40.1%, respectively. Seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield were significantly increased by 6.3%, 2.4% and 28.2%, respectively. Average yield was increased by 5.2%, and net income was increased by 13.21%. Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, grain nitrogen uptake, grain yield and utilization efficiency, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen harvest index were significantly increased by 11.1%, 6.9%, 5.8%, 13.6% and 8.0%, respectively. In addition, 1 000 t/hm2 irrigation water can be saved by LI mode. RI+SF mode can exert a positive influence on plant morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, biological yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency. The average yield was increased by 2.3%. However, the coupling effect of water and fertilizer was not fully exerted.【Conclusion】LI + SF mode is the best precise irrigation and fertilization mode in this study, and it is also suitable to be popularized as a water-saving, fertilizer saving and high-yield technology for rice in the cold area of northern China.     

有机水稻生产技术规程

2002年,赤峰市翁牛特旗35hm2水稻通过国家有机食品检测认证,并取得了有机食品使用证书。总结了有机大米的主要生产技术内容,指出了基地的选择和转换方法。提出了轮作、肥料的应用、水分管理、草害防除、病虫害的防除等耕作技术。     

苏北丰、沛地区红富士苹果水分盈亏及其调控

丰县、沛县位于江苏省西北部，是我国重要的红富士苹果生产基地。本文调查和分析了该地区全年的雨量分布状况及可能引起的旱、涝灾害，结合当地红富士苹果的生长发育动态进行了研究，提出了不同季节水分盈亏、消长及调控的时机和方法，为节水灌溉、提高管理水平以进一步提高红富士苹果品质提供科学依据。     

蔬菜作物芥子油苷含量与种类的基因型差异及其农艺调控

芥子油苷是一类含氮、含硫的植物次生代谢产物,在植物病虫害防御方面具有十分重要的作用。由于其降解产物异硫代氰酸盐具有抗癌活性,因此增加膳食中芥子油苷的含量和种类成为近年来植物育种及营养研究的热点。芥子油苷种类十分丰富,广泛分布于16个不同科的双子叶被子植物中,以十字花科为最。文章就十字花科蔬菜中芥子油苷的基因型差异及其农艺调控技术作一综述。     

姜瘟病综合防治技术研究

为控制姜瘟病危害,保障生姜产业持续发展,进行土壤消毒、姜种选种、姜种消毒、病原菌分析、药剂防治研究,分析发病率、病情指数、防效,明确了柳州市姜瘟病病原茵为细茵性青枯假单胞菌并伴有疫病病原。摸清其发生发展规律,优选出防治姜瘟病的生物农药康地蕾得,其防效达70%以上,总结出一套综合防治技术。     

维生素A对动物氧化应激的减缓作用机制

花生四烯酸(ARA)、活性氧和一氧化氮(NO)过量产生可以引起细胞氧化损伤。维生素A可以有效地调控ARA和NO的生成,在减缓氧化应激方面发挥着重要作用。本文主要从提高硒蛋白谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)的表达和活性、通过TrxR/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径和核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/GPx1/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)途径对ARA及NO进行调节2个方面综述了维生素A对动物氧化应激的减缓作用机制,为深入研究维生素A对氧化应激的调节机制提供理论依据。     

草鱼脂酰辅酶A合成酶4基因全长cDNA分子克隆及表达调控

本试验采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术克隆草鱼脂酰辅酶A合成酶4(ACSL4)基因全长cDNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究ACSL4基因在草鱼大脑、心脏、脾脏、肝胰脏、肌肉、肾脏、肠系膜脂肪、前肠、中肠、后肠10种组织中的表达情况,并对投喂不同淀粉源饲料以及饥饿再投喂0、3、6、12和24 h后草鱼肝胰脏中ACSL4基因表达情况进行研究。结果显示:草鱼ACSL4基因cDNA全长2 418 bp,其开放阅读框2 121 bp,共编码706个氨基酸;草鱼ACSL4蛋白的氨基酸序列包含1个跨膜结构域、1个脂肪酸绑定基序和1个ATP/AMP绑定基序。草鱼ACSL4 mRNA在大脑和脾脏中相对表达量较高,显著高于其他组织(P <0.05),在肌肉中相对表达量最低;投喂不同淀粉源饲料对草鱼肝胰脏中ACSL4 mRNA相对表达量无显著影响(P>0.05);饥饿再投喂12 h后,草鱼肝胰脏中ACSL4 mRNA相对表达量达到最高值,显著高于其他时间段(P<0.05),24 h后恢复至最初水平。本试验从草鱼10种混合组织中克隆了ACSL4基因全长cDNA,其所编码的氨基酸序列的主要功能性位点脂肪酸绑定基序和ATP/AMP绑定基序在不同物种间高度保守;草鱼ACSL4基因主要在大脑和脾脏中表达;饲料中淀粉源对草鱼肝胰脏中ACSL4基因的表达无显著影响;在饥饿再投喂12 h后,草鱼肝胰脏中ACSL4 mRNA相对表达量达到最高值,随后显著下降至最初水平。     

钾素改善干旱胁迫下早熟禾的形态及相关生长指标

本研究采用不同浓度钾素营养处理的方法,在干旱条件下,研究草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)形态及生长相关指标与抗旱性间的关系,为草坪草早熟禾在生产中的利用及提高其抗旱能力提供理论依据和指导。结果表明,适当的供给钾素可以改善干旱胁迫引起的叶片形态改变,从而提高草地早熟禾的抗旱能力。在干旱胁迫下,草地早熟禾叶片形态、色泽及生物量在钾素浓度为0.15~0.30 g·kg~(-1)时有所改善和提高,其中0.30 g·kg~(-1)钾素浓度的处理效果最好,可明显提高早熟禾植株的抗旱性。