基于IRT框架的乡村旅游协同发展机制研究 ——以山东省典型村为例

乡村旅游产业发展契合了乡村振兴战略的基本要求,以可持续发展视角关注乡村旅游业的多重价值,为乡村产业融合、经济发展和农民就业增收提供了持久动力。基于一体化乡村旅游(IRT)框架理论,以山东省乡村旅游典型村为研究对象,运用案例分析方法探究乡村旅游协同发展的内在基础与阶段特征,剖析乡村旅游协同发展的驱动机制与实现路径。结果表明,乡村旅游初始发展阶段依赖于资源内生性与利益共享性,市场化运作阶段强调组织化嵌入与规模化经营,快速扩张阶段关注社区赋权与内生性发展,持续发展阶段诉求利益均衡与合作共生。社区参与、多元赋权与价值认同,多利益相关者的参与、联合与协同,持续、有效的制度性供给与规范是乡村旅游协同发展的运行基础。但是,乡村旅游不同发展阶段面临着多元主体利益不均衡、资源内生性不足、乡土文化异化、社区赋权程度低和城乡要素流动不畅等问题与挑战。因此,提出合作网络构建与协作经营机制、多元主体的利益协调机制、乡村社会文化的保护与建构机制、资本嵌入与竞合机制等协同发展路径。     

4种微生物菌剂对多年连作甜瓜土壤真菌群落的影响

为了探究微生物菌剂对土壤真菌群落及成员的影响,利用4种微生物菌剂(A.谷乐丰聚谷氨酸微生物菌剂,B.启高系列生物菌剂,C.施特葆系列菌剂,D.新型菌剂NBmelon)对土壤进行处理,样品经DNA抽提、PCR扩增和真菌ITS测序,进行分析制图.结果显示,处理B和A的Shannon指数、Simpson指数高于CK,处理D、...     

赤水河赤水市江段鱼类群落结构季节变化特征

根据2012年2月—2013年1月赤水河赤水市江段逐月渔获物调查数据,对该江段鱼类群落结构的季节变化特征进行了研究。调查期间共采集鱼类41种,隶属于3目7科38属。唇(Hemibarbus labeo)、蛇(Saurogobio dabryi)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、银(Squalidus argentatus)、大鳍鳠(Mystus macropterus)、中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)、粗唇(Leiocassis crassilabris)、吻(Rhinogobio typus)和鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)为该江段的重要优势种,它们的百分比相对重要性指数(IRI%)均在2%以上。聚类分析和排序分析显示,赤水市江段鱼类群落结构季节变化显著,在50%的相似性水平上,鱼类群落可以划分为两个群组,其中群组Ⅰ包括4个冬季月份(2012年2月、3月、12月和2013年1月),而群组Ⅱ包括其它8个非冬季月份。对于群落季节差异贡献率较大的种类依次为唇、瓦氏黄颡鱼、蛇、大鳍鳠、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、中华倒刺鲃、鲫(Carassius auratus)、粗唇、银、吻、鳜、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和切尾拟鲿(Pseudobagrus truncates),其中唇、蛇、鲤、鲫、吻和草鱼在冬季月份的相对丰度明显高于非冬季月份,而瓦氏黄颡鱼、大鳍鳠、中华倒刺鲃、粗唇、银、鳜和切尾拟鲿的相对丰度以非冬季月份为高。典型对应分析(CCA)显示,水温和溶氧量是影响该江段鱼类群落结构季节变化的主要环境因子。     

Circadian heart rate changes and light-dependence in the Mediterranean seabream Sparus aurata

Despite the abundant literature on circadian heart rate rhythms in fish, few studies have attempted to elucidate if such pattern is endogenous or if it is modulated by environmental cues. In this study, heart rates were continuously recorded in Sparus aurata acclimated to different light regimes (normal or shifted LD 12:12 cycle and a pulsed 0.75:0.75 LD cycle) to investigate the endogenous nature and the role of light on the circadian pattern of heart rate. Under LD 12:12, the daily pattern of heart rate showed higher values at night and lower rates during the day (average amplitude of the heart rate change of 10.6 ± 5.7 beats min^–1). The circadian pattern was maintained in animals under constant light but the amplitude was decreased (2.4 ± 1.1 beats min^–1). Light masks the expression of the rhythm because under a pulsed LD cycle, heart rate tracks the pulsed LD phases, increasing during the dark phase and decreasing during the light phase. Besides the ultradian pattern imposed, an underlying circadian rhythm was detected, which indicates that the rhythm is endogenous. However, the strong link between heart rate and light obtained under pulsed LD cycles suggest the timing mechanism to be mostly based on external light reception.     

盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼消化酶活性的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化

研究了盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化。实验设计5、10、15、20、25、30等6个盐度梯度组。结果表明,蛋白酶、脂肪酶的比活在盐度为25时最高,而淀粉酶的比活在盐度为20时最高。各种消化酶在盐度20~30时消化酶比活的平均值要明显高于5~15时消化酶的平均值。对黄鳍鲷消化酶比活昼夜变化的测定表明,蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶比活的最高值分别在14∶00、20∶00和18∶00,最低值分别是12∶00、10∶00和6∶00。     

Influence of pH and temperature on force development and shortening velocity in skinned muscle fibres from fish

Three species of fish were studied: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) (from the North Sea, temperature 2 to 12°C) andNotothenia neglecta (from Antarctica, temperature –2 to +2°C). Single fast muscle fibres were isolated from anterior myotomes and skinned with detergent in order to directly determine the effects of pH and temperature on force production and shortening velocity.In all species maximum force production (Po) was independent of pH over the range 7.3–8.0. Decreasing the pH from 7.3 to 6.6 reduced maximum force by 28% in fibres fromG. morhua andN. neglecta but had no effect on fibres fromM. scorpius. The depression in maximum force with acidosis was accompanied by a proportional decrease in stiffness and an increase in the rate of force recovery after stretch.Unloaded contraction velocity of cod fibres (Vmax) showed a pH optimum at around pH 7.6 decreasing by 31% at pH 6.6. Vmax of fibres from the other species was independent of pH over the range 6.6–8.0.The effects of pH on Po and Vmax were similar at 0 and 10°C. Thus for maximally activated fibres both force and contraction velocity are independent of temperature induced changes in pH. In some species acidosis depresses contractility and is likely to be a contributory factor to muscle fatigue.     

复合氨基酸、小肽及中草药饲喂鲫试验

以鲫为对象进行投饲试验，研究复合氨基酸、小肽及几种中草药对鲫在摄食方面及生长情况的影响。结果表明，0．1％复合氨基酸组和0．5％木香组的鱼明显集中抢食，15d的摄食率结果为0．1％复合氨基酸组和0．5％木香组的鱼体活力明显强于其他组，即0．1％复合氨基酸和0．5％木香组的鱼增重率和特定生长率（SGR）明显高于其他组。饲料中添加0．5％木香组比对照组增重率高18．9％，比0．1％复合氨基酸组高6．3％，表现出明显的增重作用；而0．5％动物肽纽增重可能由于添加量的不足而没体现出增重作用。     

Effects of lysine and methionine supplementation on growth,body composition and digestive function of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal

A 76‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of Lysine and Methionine supplementation on growth and digestive capacity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal (CM). Fish with initial average weight 103.9 ± 0.6 g were fed three extruded diets. Fish meal (FM) diet was formulated as the normal control with 40 g kg^?1 FM and 300 g kg^?1 CM; CM diet was prepared by replacing all FM with CM (total 340 g kg^?1) without Lys or Met supplementation; CM supplement (CMS) diet was similar to CM diet but was supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) to ensure the levels of Lys and Met similar to those in the FM diet. Feed intake, feed efficiency and specific growth rate of the grass carp fed CMS and FM diets were similar (P > 0.05), but higher than those of the grass carp fed CM diet (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, relative gut length, intestosomatic index and intestinal folds height were significantly improved in fish fed FM and CMS diets as compared to CM diet (P < 0.05). Lower activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed CM diet (P < 0.05). Three hundred and forty gram per kilogram CM without Lys or Met supplementation significantly decreased trypsin, lipase and amylase mRNA levels in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the high supply of CM (340 g kg^?1) in plant protein (200 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 100 g kg^?1 cottonseed meal) diets decreased digestive ability through decreasing digestive enzyme activities and enzyme gene's expressions of grass carp, and these side effects can be reversed by supplementing Lys and Met. Therefore, CM could be high level used in a plant protein blend‐based extruded diet for grass carp as long as EAA were supplemented.     

二氧化氯对池塘水质和浮游生物群落结构的短期影响

监测了公安县崇湖渔场3口草鱼主养池塘施用浓度为0.375 g/m3的二氧化氯后池塘水质理化指标及浮游生物群落结构短期变化,以分析二氧化氯对池塘水环境质量的影响。结果显示,用药后水体溶解氧显著下降,亚硝态氮、活性磷和总磷降低。然而p H值显著升高,硝态氮、铵态氮和总氮也有所升高。施用二氧化氯前浮游植物共检出6门44属79种,浮游动物36属43种;用药后共检出浮游植物7门52属109种,浮游动物44属69种,用药后浮游植物消失4属12种,新增加12属42种,用药前未见金藻门种类,用药后出现分歧锥囊藻(Dinobryon divergens)。用药后原生动物消失6属7种,新出现16属24种;轮虫消失3种,增加8种;枝角类种类无变化;桡足类新增4种成体,但用药前后优势种无变化。结果表明,施用二氧化氯短期内增加了水体氨氮毒性,并导致浮游动物的种类、密度和生物量显著增加,进而导致浮游植物生物量显著下降、小型化藻类增多、优势种显著变化。建议在养殖期间慎用二氧化氯。