加工方法对鄄白芍芍药苷含量的影响

目的：比较不同加工方式对鄄白芍中芍药苷含量的影响。方法：从山东省菏泽市鄄城县芍药产区采集新鲜的芍药根,采用去皮后蒸煮不同时间和不同时间蒸煮后去以及蒸煮后不同温度干燥的加工方法,HPLC检测芍药苷含量,确定鄄白芍最佳初加工方法,同时考察了不同部位芍药苷含量的差异。结果：蒸煮后去皮的芍药苷含量大于去皮后蒸煮的含量,最佳初加工工艺为煮制45分钟后去皮,烘干温度60℃。不同根部鄄白芍中芍药苷含量变化为芍药头>须根>主根;不同纵切面芍药苷含量变化为白芍韧皮部>白芍外皮部>白芍木质部。不同器官中芍药苷含量变化为根>叶>茎>花。结论：鄄白芍的最佳初加工方式为煮45min后再去皮,60℃烘干。芍药头中芍药苷含量最高。     

我国农产品加工业发展现状及对策

农产品加工业是我国最大的制造业,是经济发展的战略性支柱产业。通过对我国农产品加工业的发展现状进行概述分析,剖析其与国外一些发达国家相比存在的问题,发现我国农产品加工产业整体呈现稳步向前的发展态势,但各区域发展尚不平衡,农产品加工转化率、农产品加工业与农业总产值比有待提高。鉴于此,从政策引领、标准体系、各地特色与优势和科技创新4方面提出对策与建议,探讨我国农产品加工业如何突破制约和瓶颈,提高农产品加工转化率,提升农产品加工业与农业总产值比,增强自主创新能力,优化产业转型升级,促进我国农产品加工业快速发展。     

广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为探讨广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,分析其结构特征在沉浮网间的差异性,在该水库设置3个采样点采用多网目刺网对鱼类进行了调查。结果显示,共采集到鱼类17种,隶属4目、6科,物种数以鲤形目为主（占58.82%）。相对重要性指数（IRI）显示,优势种为海南似鱎（IRI占比29.66%）、?（18.98%）、尼罗非鲫（18.46%）、鲢（14.85%）和莫桑比克非鲫（11.36%）,其中单位努力捕捞数量（NPUE）以海南似鱎（45.72%）占优、单位努力捕捞重量（BPUE）以尼罗非鲫（34.60%）为主。聚类分析表明,鱼类物种组成在季节间无显著差异,物种数、NPUE和BPUE亦无季节变化（P>0.05）。鱼类群落物种数、NPUE和BPUE沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05）,但鱼类数量组成沉浮网间存在显著差异（P<0.001）,与海南似鱎有关,其NPUE浮网显著高于沉网（P<0.05）,其他5种主要鱼类沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05）。透明度、pH和总磷是影响鱼类物种数量时空分布的关键环境因子。研究表明,松木山水库鱼类多样性低,可能与水面积较小、连通性低、外来种入侵及入库河道以人工排渠为主有关,为科学合理评估鱼类数量组成建议水库鱼类调查需要同时使用沉浮网。     

茉莉酸对马铃薯苗期低温胁迫耐性的影响

[目的]研究不同茉莉酸(JA)施用浓度对马铃薯叶片活性氧(ROS)含量及其清除酶活性以及抗寒关键基因CBF表达的影响,初步确定提升马铃薯抗寒性的最适施用浓度,为马铃薯产业的发展提供一定的理论基础.[方法]以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它为研究对象,采用叶面喷施JA的方法,探究正常和低温胁迫条件下,植株叶片的活性氧含量,活性氧清除酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性,以及抗寒关键基因CBF的表达.[结果]随着JA浓度的增加,马铃薯苗期叶片的活性氧含量逐渐降低,低温胁迫后活性氧含量能维持在较低水平,适宜浓度范围为100～400μmol/L,以200μmol/L JA处理效果最好,ROS含量降低47.6％.JA能够提升活性氧清除酶CAT和POD活性,且随着JA浓度增加效果越显著,低温胁迫后200μmol/L JA处理分别显著提升1.30、2.53倍.正常条件下,JA处理抑制SOD活性最低达70.7％;低温胁迫条件下,JA又可能通过其他途径提升SOD活性,最高达2.11倍.外源JA能诱导CBF1-3基因的表达,而低温胁迫能促进内源JA的合成,诱导CBF1-3基因的表达,提升马铃薯的抗寒性.[结论]马铃薯苗期的抗寒性与外源施加JA的浓度具有明显的相关性,适宜的JA浓度能够促进抗寒关键基因CBF1-3的表达,显著提升CAT、POD、SOD的活性,抑制低温胁胁迫诱导的活性氧生成,提高马铃薯抗寒性.适宜施用JA浓度为100～400μmol/L,以200μmol/L效果最佳.     

龙口市一次强对流天气过程分析

本文利用常规高空资料、地面实况资料和雷达资料,从天气形势、物理量场和雷达回波变化特征等方面对2020年5月23日发生在龙口市的一次冰雹天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:此次降雹过程主要是在冷涡横槽和地面气旋的共同影响下发生的;充足的水汽条件,上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结条件以及低层辐合、高层辐散动力条件是强对流天气产生的基础。可充分利用冰雹天气在雷达反射率和VIL图上的明显特征来做临近的预报预警服务。     

极端低温对晚熟柑桔产业的影响及冻后补救措施

2020年冬季的极端低温天气对全国晚熟柑桔产业造成了较为严重的影响。为将冻害损失降至最低程度,以南充地区为例,通过实地调查、分析对比冻害发生情况,提出了晚熟柑桔冻害发生后的补救措施,为促进南充及相似产区晚熟柑桔产业有序恢复及后续发展提供参考。     

Modeling the egg and larval transport pathways of the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the East Antarctic region: New insights into successful transport connections

The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) is an important fishery species widely distributed in the Southern Ocean, especially in areas covered by sea ice. Understanding fish distributions and life cycles, including the transport and survival of eggs and larvae, is essential for the assessment and sustainable management of the fishery. However, owing to difficulties with in situ winter observations, information on the early life stages of D. mawsoni is lacking. Here, we investigated the transport pathways of fish eggs and larvae through a particle tracking study, using satellite-derived ocean surface velocities in the East Antarctic region, which includes important D. mawsoni habitats and exploratory fisheries. Our results indicate that particles released from continental slopes are more likely to be successfully transported to suitable settlement grounds than those released from the BANZARE Bank (the southern region of the Kerguelen Plateau), which is situated further north and has been hypothesized to be a potential spawning ground for D. mawsoni. This study demonstrates successful source–settlement connections in relation to ocean recirculation and suggests important settlement regions for D. mawsoni larvae in the East Antarctic region.     

The bioactivity of gonadotropin releasing hormones and its regulation in the gilthead seabream,Sparus aurata: in vivo andin vitro studies

Thein vivo andin vitro potency of native and modified forms of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to release gonadotropin (GtH) was studied inSparus aurata and correlated with their relative susceptibility to degradation by cytosolic-bound enzymes of the pituitary, kidney, and liver. Salmon (s) GnRH and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are equipotent whereas analogs of these peptides ((D-Arg⁶-Pro⁹NET)-sGnRH, (D-Ala⁶-Pro⁹NET)-LHRH, (D-Trp⁶)-LHRH) are superactive in inducingin vivo GtH release (at 10 μg/kg body weight). In anin vitro superfusion system of pituitary fragments all analogs are equipotent to the native peptides (at 10⁻¹⁰ to 2.5 × 10⁻⁷M). sGnRH and LHRH are rapidly degraded by cytosolic peptidases of the pituitary, liver, and kidney. The preferred site of cleavage is the Tyr⁵-Gly⁶ bond. Substitution of the position 6 glycine by D-amino acids renders the 5–6 bond resistant to degradation and shifts the main site of cleavage to the Pro⁹-Gly¹⁰NH₂ bond. Substitution at position 6 (as above) and at position 10 with Pro⁹NET results in analogs that are resistant to degradation. We propose that enzymatic cleavage terminates GnRH bioactivityin vivo and thus increased resistance to degradation is a major determinant of GnRH analog superactivity.     

Use of geographical information systems as a tool for predicting fish yield in tropical reservoirs: case study on Sri Lankan reservoirs

Use of geographical information systems (GIS) in inland fisheries has hitherto been essentially restricted to site evaluation for aquaculture development and assessment of limnological changes in time and space in individual water bodies. The present GIS study was conducted on the land-use pattern of the catchments of nine reservoirs in Sri Lanka, for which detailed fishery data, viz. yield, fishing intensity, landing size of major constituent species, together with selected limnological data such as conductivity and chlorophyll- a , were available. Potential statistical relationships (linear, curvilinear, exponential and second-order polynomial) of fish yield ( FY , in kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) to different land-use patterns, such as forest cover ( FC , in km²) and shrub-land ( SL , in km²), either singly, or in combination, and/or the ratio of each land type to reservoir area ( RA in km²) and reservoir capacity ( RC in km³), were explored. Highly significant relationships were evident between FY to the ratio of SL and/or FC + SL to RA and/or RC . Similarly, the above land-use types to RA and RC ratios were significantly related to limnological features of the reservoirs. The relationships of FY to various parameters obtained in this study were much better correlated than those relationships of FY to limnological and biological parameters used in yield prediction in tropical and temperate lacustrine waters previously.