不同市售低温巴氏杀菌乳的稳定性研究

随着市售PET瓶装巴氏杀菌乳的脂肪挂壁不良现象的发生,本文对市售不同厂家、不同包装形式、不同杀菌温度以及不同乳脂率的巴氏杀菌乳的稳定性进行了研究调查,通过分液漏斗自然分层和多重光散射仪分别测试分析对比研究了其均质指数和不稳定性指数,结果表明,影响产品稳定性的因素有脂肪含量、保藏时间、保藏温度、产品粒径、杀菌温度。其中,产品的新鲜度影响最大,代表因素是保藏时间和保藏温度,其次是脂肪含量、产品粒径及杀菌温度。结论为现代化的加工手段虽然可以延长货架期,但是脂肪上浮仍然带给消费者不良的感官感受,未来应当着力控制产品终端的温度,缩短低温巴氏杀菌乳的货架时间,标准化产品的脂肪含量,以提高巴氏杀菌乳的综合感官品质。     

细叶百合低温解除休眠过程中鳞茎内糖分及相关酶的研究

通过低温处理打破细叶百合鳞茎休眠,探讨细叶百合鳞茎解除休眠过程中的糖类化合物及蔗糖、淀粉代谢酶的变化规律。结果表明,鳞茎休眠解除过程中伴随着旺盛的糖类代谢活动,淀粉含量下降,淀粉酶活性升高。内层鳞片在冷藏60 d时可溶性糖含量达到峰值,贮藏前期,蔗糖含量,蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性上升,SPS和SS协同控制蔗糖代谢及转运。冷藏条件下鳞片及顶芽内淀粉向可溶性糖方向代谢过程中促进了腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)活性的增加。各种淀粉代谢相关酶在鳞茎冷藏不同时期和不同部位的作用规律不同。鳞茎各个部位总可溶性糖含量与蔗糖、葡萄糖含量及淀粉磷酸化酶(SP)、SS、α-及β-淀粉酶活性都存在显著或极显著的正相关性。糖类代谢成为鳞茎休眠解除的物质基础。     

Effect of animal age,postmortem chilling rate,and aging time on meat quality attributes of water buffalo and humped cattle bulls

The study was aimed to investigate the influence of animal age, post‐slaughter chilling rate, and aging time on meat quality of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and humped cattle (Bos taurus indicus) bulls. After slaughtering, one side of carcasses was subjected to rapid chilling (RC) (0 ± 2°C) and other side was hanged in controlled room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for 3 hr, then allowed to the chiller (0 ± 2°C). The meat quality traits were analyzed at 1, 7, and 14 days of storage. It was noted that rapidly chilled carcasses from the younger animals of both species missed the ideal pH/temperature window, which affects the toughness of the meat. Buffalo meat presented higher shear force, color L* values, and lower b* value as compared to the cattle meat. Moreover, meat shear force values decreased while all color coordinates and cooking loss values increased with lengthening the storage time in both age groups of cattle and buffalo. In conclusion, the tenderness of cattle meat was superior to that of buffalo and RC adversely affect the shear force values of young cattle and both age groups of buffalo bulls.     

Age-related changes in hematology and plasma chemistry values of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis)

Hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis ) are an important aquaculture species yet there are few diagnostic tools available to assess their health. Hematology and clinical chemistry analyses are not used extensively in fish medicine due to the lack of reference intervals for various fish species, and because factors such as age can affect blood values. There is little published information regarding age-related changes in blood values of juvenile fish. It is important to evaluate juvenile fish, as this is the time they are raised in aquaculture settings. Determining age-related changes in the blood values of fishes would further develop clinical pathology as a diagnostic tool, enhancing both fish medicine and the aquaculture industry. The results of standard hematology and clinical chemistry analysis were evaluated in juvenile hybrid striped bass at 4, 6, 9, 15, and 19 months of age. Values for PCV and RBC indices were significantly lower, and plasma protein concentration was significantly higher in younger fish. Total WBC and lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in fish at 6 and 9 months of age, while neutrophil and monocyte counts were higher at 6, 9, and 15 months. Eosinophil counts were significantly higher in 9-month-old fish. The majority of hematologic values fell within previously established reference intervals, indicating that only slight modification to the intervals is necessary for evaluating hematologic results of hybrid striped bass at different ages. The following analytes deviated sufficiently from adult reference intervals to warrant separate reference values: plasma protein concentration at 4 months, WBC and lymphocyte counts at 15 and 19 months, and thrombocyte-like-cells at 9 months of age. Values for most biochemical analytes were significantly different among age groups except for creatinine and potassium concentrations. Comparisons with reference intervals were not made for biochemical analytes, because established reference intervals were not available. Age-related changes in hematologic and biochemical values of striped bass were similar to those reported for rainbow trout and mammals.     

Blood chemistry values of juvenile red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus)

Abstract: Blood samples were collected from 29 juvenile red pacu ( Piaractus brachypomus ), ornamental freshwater fish, to establish baseline blood chemistry values. Mean (minimum-maximum) values, obtained by automated bichromatic analysis and ion selective electrode analysis, were as follows: sodium, 150.4 (146–159) mmol/L; potassium, 3.93 (2.7–5.0) mmol/L; chloride, 138.7 (128–150) mmol/L; total CO₂, 7.5 (6–10) mmol/L; albumin, 0.86 (0.5–1.0) g/dL; lactate dehydrogenase, 237.8 (65–692) IU/L; aspartate aminotransferase, 49.1 (0–125) IU/L; creatinine, 0.31 (0.2–0.4) mg/dL; calcium, 10.80 (9.5–12.5) mg/dL; anion gap, 6.89 (1.2–12.5) mmol/L; and phosphorus, 7.29 (4.1–8.9) mg/dL.     

Virulence, cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from cultivated salmonid fish in Sweden

Extracellular products in culture filtrates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and Vibrio anguillarum isolated from infected fish have been shown to possess skin inflammatory factor. The extracellular products from Vibrio anguillarum were cytotoxic in HeLa and CHO cells. In addition to the skin lesions, the culture filtrates of V. anguillarum caused necrotic reaction on the rabbit skin. Five of 6 strains of V. anguillarum were lethal to mice after intraperitoneal administration of 3×10⁷ CFU. Only 1 strain of 5 A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes produced extracellular products which elicited cytotoxic effects in the CHO cells. None of the A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes strains were lethal to mice. The cytotoxins were inactivated when heated at 65°C for 30 min. The results indicate that the thermolabile exotoxins are non-enterotoxic since they failed to stimulate fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop and did not cause elongation of the CHO cells. The rounding off of CHO cells, as well as of HeLa cells indicate that the exotoxins may play an important role in fish diseases.     

Role of genetically engineered animals in future food production

Genetically engineered (GE) animals are likely to have an important role in the future in meeting the food demand of a burgeoning global population. There have already been many notable achievements using this technology in livestock, poultry and aquatic species. In particular, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to produce virus‐resistant animals is a rapidly‐developing area of research. However, despite the promise of this technology, very few GE animals have been commercialised. This review aims to provide information so that veterinarians and animal health scientists are better able to participate in the debate on GE animals.     

Study on the Stability of Blue-tongue Virus after Long Time Storage in Cold Room

In order to understand the stability of blue-tongue virus (BTV)storage in cold room for long time, 18 tissue samples which were kept in 4℃ for 10 to 15 years were test by Real-time PCR, and 10 blood samples which were kept in 4℃ for 15 years were subjected to virus isolation process, then was proved by monoclonal antibody staining,research results showed all old samples were positive in Real-time PCR, further more, 5 live virus were isolated from 10 old blood samples. The results suggested the stability of BTV was higher than we thought before.     

硫酸二乙酯诱变苜蓿愈伤组织抗寒生理的研究

对诱导的苜蓿Medicago sativa愈伤组织进行不同浓度的硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理,确定其半致死浓度,在-7℃低温下进行筛选,以获得抗寒性突变体;进行了相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶的活性等抗寒性生理指标的测定.结果表明,苜蓿愈伤组织经DES处理,DES的半致死浓度为0.3%,愈伤组织的抗寒性增强.