小丑鱼生物学特性及高效健康人工繁育技术

介绍小丑鱼形态、生活和繁殖的生物学特性,对小丑鱼繁殖池的设计与其培育用水预处理进行了阐述,并对在小丑鱼人工繁育中亲鱼的选择、培育、投喂方法、水质调控、饵料的选择与杀菌、饵料的培养、产卵、孵化、幼苗培育及驯化出售、常见病害防治等环节相关操作方法进行了总结。最后,对养殖小丑鱼这种观赏鱼类的发展前景进行了展望。     

以鲥为瘟:古代长江鲥鱼的污名化

鲥鱼在明清一些著作中被称为瘟鱼。历来关于瘟鱼的解释主要围绕鲥鱼本身来阐发,但这些观点不能很好地解释鲥鱼为何会在江西、两湖以及四川一带被称作瘟鱼,而在盛产鲥鱼的江东却没有这种指称。明人的“瘟鱼”观点源自唐人孟诜“发疳、痼”的说法,李时珍所说的蜀地瘟鱼并不是鲥鱼。一些清人认为瘟鱼并非来自鲥鱼本身。《见闻录》中记载了一个鲥鱼被虚构成瘟鱼的故事,揭示出瘟鱼是后人将瘟疫附会到鲥鱼身上的结果。显然,鲥鱼在特定地点被称为瘟鱼,是鲥鱼与地方文化结合的产物。     

论南方红黄壤地区饲草开发利用的几种途径

本文在论述我国南方红黄壤地区的自然特征、社会经济、资源与环境现状的基础上，对如何开发利用该区饲草进行了探讨，指出保护和改善生态环境，积极实行林草结合、种养结合、粮草轮作和发展种草配套养鱼以及调制人工干草制品，是该区丘陵山地发展饲草的有效途径。     

基于人工鱼群算法的车辆平顺性优化分析

平顺性是汽车重要特性之一,平顺性优化分析属于组合优化问题,同时其非线性特性导致优化实质上是一个非线性多峰的优化问题,为了有效解决此类复杂优化的求解问题,近年来基于随机搜索优化算法建立了一种新型的人工鱼群算法。该文将人工鱼群算法应用到汽车平顺性优化分析研究中,以某8×4载货车为研究对象,建立9自由度汽车平顺性模型,对影响汽车平顺性的重要参数进行优化分析。优化结果表明,加速度均方根平均下降16.82%,在60 km/h时下降最大,加速度均方根下降21.24%,有效提高了重型车的平顺性能。因此,利用该模型可对汽车平顺性进行预测或评估。     

一起卵形鲳鲹幼鱼死亡原因的调查

对发生于阳江市某网箱养殖场的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼大规模死亡进行了初步调查,发现病鱼症状为体色发黑、螺旋状或旋转游动、反应迟钝、厌食、无寄生虫及细菌感染,通过电镜负染发现有大小为30 nm的病毒粒子,初步断定为神经坏死病毒感染。     

Core terrestrial habitat for conservation of local populations of salamanders and wood frogs in agricultural landscapes

Pond-breeding amphibians require aquatic and terrestrial habitats to complete their lifecycles, and preservation of both habitats is necessary for maintaining local populations. Current wetland regulations focus primarily on aquatic habitats, and criteria to define critical upland habitats and regulations to protect them are often ambiguous or lacking. We examined the association between the presence of seven pond-breeding amphibian species and the landscape composition surrounding 54 wetlands located within the Till Plains and the Glaciated Plateau ecoregions of Ohio, USA. We quantified landscape composition within 200 m of the wetland (“core terrestrial zone”) and the area extending from 200 m to 1 km from the wetland (“broader landscape context zone”). We constructed binary logistic regression models for each species, and evaluated them using Akaike Information Criterion. Presence of spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), Jefferson's salamander complex (A. jeffersonianum) and smallmouth salamanders (A. texanum) was positively associated with the amount of forest within the core zone. Presence of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) was positively associated with the amount of forest within the core zone and the amount of forest within the broader landscape context zone. Presence of tiger salamanders (A. tigrinum tigrinum) was negatively associated with the cumulative length of paved roads within 1 km of the site, and presence of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus v. viridescens) was negatively associated with the average linear distance to the five nearest wetlands. Overall salamander diversity was positively associated with the amount of forest within the core zone, and negatively associated with the presence of predatory fish and cumulative length of paved roads within 1 km of the site. Our results confirm the strong association between the structure of surrounding upland areas and amphibian diversity at breeding ponds, and stress the importance of preserving core terrestrial habitat around wetlands for maintaining amphibian diversity.     

鱼糜团聚结构的随机分形模拟初探

鱼糜团聚结构影响其流变特性。用计算机模拟鱼糜团聚结构可以直观地揭示鱼糜团聚结构对其流变特性的影响。用随机分形初步模拟静态鱼糜团聚结构,得出了可模拟静态鱼糜团聚结构的修正ＤＬＡ模型。     

草食性鱼种抑制凤眼莲生长的试验

通过严密的设计,在相同规格的16只网箱中,采用草鱼、杂交鱼[草鱼（6）和赤眼鳟（早）杂交繁育的F1]、三角鲂、赤眼鳟、异育银鲫和翘嘴红鲐等为试验对象,对凤眼莲生长的影响进行研究。结果表明：不同品种的鱼苗具有不同的控制凤眼莲的能力;在2．5～9．0cm范围内各鱼苗食用凤眼莲能力依次为：草鱼〉杂交鱼〉三角鲂〉赤眼鳟〉异育银鲫〉翘嘴红舶。     

三种淡水鱼肌肉的糖元、乳酸含量和pH值及在冷藏中的变化

本文测定了鳙，团头鲂和乌鳢三种养殖淡水鱼即杀死后在5℃贮藏过程中糖元，乳酸含量和pH值的变化。结果表明：鳙，团头鲂和乌鳢的糖元含量比海水鱼的低，并在24h内全部分解完毕。乳酸含量在死后24－60h达到且维持在高位。三种淡水鱼即杀的pH值与海水鱼的接近，但死后量低的pH值比海水鱼的高，pH值的低值阶段出现在死后36－60h间。     

Circadian heart rate changes and light-dependence in the Mediterranean seabream Sparus aurata

Despite the abundant literature on circadian heart rate rhythms in fish, few studies have attempted to elucidate if such pattern is endogenous or if it is modulated by environmental cues. In this study, heart rates were continuously recorded in Sparus aurata acclimated to different light regimes (normal or shifted LD 12:12 cycle and a pulsed 0.75:0.75 LD cycle) to investigate the endogenous nature and the role of light on the circadian pattern of heart rate. Under LD 12:12, the daily pattern of heart rate showed higher values at night and lower rates during the day (average amplitude of the heart rate change of 10.6 ± 5.7 beats min^–1). The circadian pattern was maintained in animals under constant light but the amplitude was decreased (2.4 ± 1.1 beats min^–1). Light masks the expression of the rhythm because under a pulsed LD cycle, heart rate tracks the pulsed LD phases, increasing during the dark phase and decreasing during the light phase. Besides the ultradian pattern imposed, an underlying circadian rhythm was detected, which indicates that the rhythm is endogenous. However, the strong link between heart rate and light obtained under pulsed LD cycles suggest the timing mechanism to be mostly based on external light reception.