羔羊期和性成熟期奶山羊下丘脑中催产素的表达

采用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法(SP法),检测羔羊期和性成熟期雌性奶山羊下丘脑中催产素表达的变化规律.结果显示,催产素免疫反应阳性神经元在羔羊和性成熟羊的视上核、室旁核、乳头体内侧核等核团均有分布,在羔羊的室周核、视前内侧核等核团广泛分布,但在性成熟羊的这些核团却未见分布.在视上核、室旁核、乳头体内侧核等核团的催产素免疫阳性神经元数量,性成熟羊显著高于羔羊(P＜0.01);这些核团中催产素免疫阳性产物的平均灰度值,羔羊显著低于性成熟羊(P＜0.01),在其他核团则羔羊高于性成熟羊,且大部分差异明显(P＜0.01).结果提示,性成熟羊下丘脑中除室周核、视前内侧核等核团外,室旁核、视上核、乳头体内侧核、乳头体后核等核团,催产素的表达高于羔羊,说明这些核团对生殖系统的发育成熟可能有重要作用.     

提高沙地柏有性繁殖的主要技术措施研究

通过对沙地柏进行不同播种期、温汤浸种、不同激素、药剂处理以及超声波等处理试验,结果表明:沙地柏人工育苗的播种期应在8月中下旬为宜;种子处理以60~80℃水浸3~5 d效果最好;播种深度以1.0~1.5 cm为宜;以沙子覆盖效果最佳,出苗率达88%;激素、药剂、超声波辐射等处理种子效果均不如温汤浸种处理。     

猪卵巢卵母细胞的体外成熟和体外受精

将从屠宰母猪卵巢采得的卵母细胞-卵丘细胞复合体(Oocyte-cumulus Cell Complex.OCC)在含PMSG的M199培养40～44小时,卵丘细胞大部分扩散(86.4％)。48.1％(142/295)的卵母细胞排出第一极体(PBI)。将体外成熟的卵母细胞与体外获能精子授精后30～70小时,80.5％(103/128)的卵母细胞受精并可在体外发育到2～8细胞甚至桑椹胚。本文还对裸卵母细胞的体外成熟和体外受精进行了研究,对体外受精卵的早期发育作了观察。实验结果表明:PMSG对诱导卵丘细胞扩散及卵母细胞的全面成熟有重要作用,在OCC中的卵母细胞成熟率高于裸卵母细胞体外授精后8～10小时将受精卵放入改良KRB液培养可使卵裂比例明显提高。     

Periovulatory endocrinology and oocyte maturation in unmated mature blue fox vixens (Alopex lagopus)

Nine of 10 mature blue fox vixens (Alopex lagopus) in spontaneous oestrus ovulated approximately 2 days after the preovulatory increase in luteinizing hormone (LH). Plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone increased simultaneously with the LH peak, whereas oestradiol-17 beta peaked 1 day previously. In the tenth vixen, an LH peak was not observed, and neither visible follicles nor corpora lutea were found in the ovaries 6 days after peak vaginal electrical resistance. Eggs were ovulated as primary oocytes, but oocyte maturation was initiated within the day of ovulation (2 days after the LH peak). Within the next 2 days (3-4 days after the LH peak) the first polar body was extruded, and the cumulus mass was completely dissociated from the zona pellucida. The interval between the preovulatory LH peak and initiation of the final oocyte maturation is thus considerably longer in the blue fox than for example in the cow (48-72 h compared with 9-12 h). This suggests that the relationship between these two events is somewhat different in the blue fox.     

Audiograms estimated from brainstem tone-evoked potentials in dogs from 10 days to 1.5 months of age

The objective of this study was to build audiograms from thresholds of brainstem tone-evoked potentials in dogs and to evaluate age-related change of the audiogram in puppies. Results were obtained from 9 Beagle puppies 10-47 days of age. Vertex to mastoid brainstem auditory-evoked potentials in response to 5.1-millisecond Hanning-gated sine waves with frequencies octave-spaced from 0.5 to 32 kHz were recorded. Three dogs were examined at 10, 13, 19, 25, and 45 days. Four other dogs were examined at 16 days. Data from 7 dogs between 42 and 47 days of age were pooled to obtain audiogram reference values in 1.5-month-old puppies. The best auditory threshold lowered from above 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL) to values close to 0 dB SPL between 13 and 25 days of age and then stabilized. The audible frequency range widened, including 32 kHz in all tested dogs from the 19th day. In the 7 1.5-month-old puppies, the mean auditory threshold decreased by 11 dB per octave from 0.5 to 2 kHz. The auditory threshold was lowest and held the same value from 2 to 8 kHz. The mean auditory threshold increased by 20 dB per octave from 8 to 32 kHz. Near threshold, click-evoked potentials test only a small part of the audible frequency range in dogs. Use of tone-evoked potentials may become a powerful tool in investigating dogs with possible partial hearing loss, including during the auditory system maturation period.     

白牦牛卵母细胞的采集方法及卵巢贮存条件对其体外成熟的影响

探讨了白牦牛卵母细胞的采集方法以及卵巢保存温度和时间对其体外成熟的影响。结果表明:先抽吸卵泡,每卵巢平均可获可用卵母细胞4.7枚,再切割卵巢,可显著提高可用卵母细胞数9.8枚/卵巢。将屠宰白牦牛卵巢分别置于20~29℃和30~38℃的生理盐水中,6 h内收集卵母细胞,其成熟率、卵裂率分别为65.7%、41.3%和73.3%、45.7%,两者之间的差异均不显著,但均与<20℃组(16.0%、0)差异显著。在30~38℃下,白牦牛卵巢保存时间超过6 h,卵母细胞的成熟率和卵裂率显著下降,卵巢保存时间在2 h以内最好,最晚不超过6 h。     

以教师为本 建立高校教师的激励机制

以人为本的高等教育理念是我国高等教育理论中酌一个核心理念，在高等院校的教育系统中，教师是教育质量的关键所在，如何建立“以教师为本”的教育管理理念，激发教师工作的积极性、主动性和创造性，营造舒心的教书育人环境，提高人才培养质量，从而践行科学发展观指导下的以人为本的教育理念。     

牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养研究进展

作为胚胎生物工程技术研究的基础之一的牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养技术自上世纪30年代起至今,许多科学研究人员在牛卵母细胞体外生长、发育领域做了大量工作,对牛卵母细胞培养条件进行了广泛而深入地研究,并取得了较大的进展,目前牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养技术体系已建立,但在卵母细胞成熟机理、成熟调控方面尚存在许多尚未阐明的问题和一些亟待解决的问题。本文从卵母细胞的来源、卵母细胞体外培养条件、培养液的完善及卵母细胞成熟判定方法等方面详尽介绍了当前牛卵母细胞体外培养技术的研究进展。     

牛卵泡卵母细胞的体外成熟和冷冻保存

在简化牛卵母细胞体外成熟的基础上,观察了保护剂、平衡温度、预平衡方法、解冻方法以及冷冻方法对牛卵泡卵母细胞冷冻的影响。结果表明:在体外成熟培养液中添加26.2 mmol/L的NaHCO3和对屠宰场卵巢进行选择更能促进牛卵母细胞的体外成熟;无论是程序冷冻还是玻璃化冷冻,乙二醇(EG)与甘油(GLY)相比更能促进牛卵泡卵母细胞的冷冻效果;在程序冷冻中,冷冻液中添加0.1 mol/L蔗糖比添加0.3mol/L的蔗糖更能促进牛卵泡卵母细胞的冷冻;在玻璃化冷冻中,37℃和25℃的平衡温度比4℃更适合牛卵泡卵母细胞的冷冻;在10%、5%、1%的预平衡浓度之间,5%的预平衡浓度即可达到预平衡的效果;在解冻时,多步脱除保护剂更能保护冷冻的卵母细胞;比较了几种最小样本量(minimum size sample,MSS)玻璃化冷冻方法,解冻成熟培养后的成熟率,拉细毛细玻璃管冷冻法为(41.67±3.19)%,极显著高于未拉细毛细玻璃管冷冻法(glassmicropipette,GMP)的(30.19±1.93)%和固体表面冷冻法(solid surface vitrification,SSV)的(28.33±2.89)%(P<0.01)。     

附睾功能及其对精子成熟的影响

哺乳动物的附睾为精子的成熟提供了特殊的微环境，是精子成熟、保护、运输和贮存的部位，在生殖过程中起着重要作用。附睾上皮细胞的合成、分泌、转运等功能使精子发生了一系列结构、生化和功能的改变．从而使精子获得受精和运动能力。作者对附睾的形态结构、功能和对精子成熟影响研究现状等作简要综述。