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71.
To quantify the dietary potassium requirement of fingerling Labeo rohita (6.2 ± 0.12 cm; 1.98 ± 0.06 g), seven purified experimental diets (350 g/kg crude protein and 16.72 kJ/g gross energy) with graded levels of potassium (0.32, 1.35, 2.41, 3.46, 6.48, 9.47 and 12.39 g/kg diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fishes at 08:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hr to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Live weight gain (LWG; 671.46%), specific growth rate (3.65%/day), protein efficiency ratio (2.16), protein gain (PG; 2.41 g/fish) and feed conversion ratio (1.32) were found to be best in fish fed diet containing 3.46 g/kg potassium. Gill Na+‐K+ ATPase activity was also highest in fish fed diet with 3.46 g/kg potassium. Potassium content of whole‐body, vertebrae and scales increased significantly with the increase in dietary potassium level up to 6.48 g/kg. Significant changes were also noted in serum malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity. Based on the maximum live weight and protein gain observed in the present study, the inclusion of 3.55 g/kg potassium is recommended for developing potassium‐balanced commercial feeds for intensive culture of fingerling L. rohita. 相似文献
72.
Tokihiko Okada Yuki Sakurai Tomoki Honryo Masato Kawahara Yasunori Ishibashi 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):3017-3024
High levels of mortality occur in large net‐cage culture of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBF) Thunnus orientalis due to poor growth on commencement of sea‐cage culture obstructing the mass production of fingerlings. Therefore, we carried out this study to develop a countermeasure by using small sea cages (square with 13‐m sides). PBF juveniles were directly transferred to a 30‐m‐diameter cage (control) and compared them to fish transferred to small sea cages for 12 days before being merged into another 30‐m‐diameter cage. The survival rate, growth performance and potential factors increasing mortality were examined. The results of our study showed that survival rate in small sea cages was approximately 20% higher than that of the control. Poor growth also occurred in the small sea cages; however, its frequency and daily mortality rate were half those in the control. In addition, growth performance such as specific growth rate and weight gain of PBF juveniles in small sea cages significantly increased compared to the control. These results suggest that using small sea cages could be an effective countermeasure for poor growth, which may mitigate the high‐mortality conditions of current sea‐cage culture systems for PBF. 相似文献
73.
黄鳝的胚胎发育及鱼苗培育 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
黄鳝胚胎发育的时间较长,在水温26℃左右时从受精卵到孵出需要142h。并且胚胎发育速度及孵化率与水温密切相关,在水温24.5 ̄28.5℃范围内,随温度升高,胚胎发育速度增加。在黄鳝胚胎发育过程中,可见胸鳍形成并不断扇动,说明黄鳝祖先是有鳍条的。进行鳝苗培育,投喂食物以动物活饵料比较适宜,水丝蚓效果最好,浮游动物在培育前期也较适宜。而植物性饵料如米糠、麸皮不适宜用于培育鳝苗。 相似文献
74.
在3005m^2的池塘里,高密度培养大规格草鱼种,且塔养鲢,鳙,鲤种。采取的技术措施是:草鱼种入池先喂芜萍,20天后改喂浮萍并驯喂粗蛋白含量较高的小颗粒配饵。草鱼种长到10cm后,改喂粗蛋白含量较低的配饵;定期注入新水,增氧,泼洒药物,投喂药饵,高温季节,使池水保持长流水。结果:共产草鱼种5032kg,平均规格80.1g;鲢鳙鱼种2660.6kg,鲤种536.3kg,纯利48928.6元,投入产出 相似文献
75.
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77.
Pratap Chandra Das Prabhati Kumari Sahoo Snatashree Mohanty Monali Mishra Subrat Kumar Swain 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):982-988
Fingerling rearing of pengba, Osteobrama belangeri, was conducted at varied densities for 90 days in 12 outdoor concrete tanks (10 m × 5 m × 1 m). The tanks, grouped into four triplicated treatments, were stocked with fry at 20, 30, 40 and 50 fry m‐3; and designated as control, T‐1, T‐2 and T‐3 respectively. Tanks were filled up to 90 cm depth. Evaporation loss compensated fortnightly. Fish sampling and monitoring of water quality parameters done at fortnight intervals. Survival varied between 71.5% and 84.0% in treatments. Both survival and total length significantly reduced with increasing densities from control to T‐2 (p < .05), while no differences were observed between T‐2 and T‐3 (p > .05). Similarly, significant reductions in final body weight and specific growth rate were observed with increased densities and these values further reduced in T‐3 than T‐2 (p < .05). Such results corroborated the inverse relationship between stocking density and growth. Gross biomass yields in two higher densities (T‐2 and T‐3), despite their lower survivals, were significantly higher than the two lower densities. The numbers of fingerlings harvested were 35, 74 and 112% higher than the control in T‐1, T‐2 and T‐3 respectively. The lowest size obtained even at the highest density (T‐3) was of 7.0 ± 1.0 cm and 3.99 ± 0.17 g, which can be considered as ideal grow‐out stocking size of pengba. Therefore, the study showed feasibility of stocking up to 50 fry m‐3 for rearing from fry to fingerling stage. However, the other lower densities may be used in case of requirement of larger fingerlings. 相似文献
78.
A feeding trial of 120 days was conducted to study the effect of graded levels of dietary phosphorus on haematology, serum
protein concentrations and HSP70 expression in fingerlings of the Indian major carp, Catla (Catla catla). Eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary phosphorus (dP),
i.e., T1, 0.1%; T2, 0.3%; T3, 0.5%; T4, 0.7%; T5, 0.9%; T6, 1.1%; T7, 1.3%; or T8, 1.5%. Four hundred and eighty fish (average weight 4.23 ± 0.016 g) were equally distributed into 24 tanks forming eight
treatments with three replicates each. The fish were fed daily at the rate of 3.5% body weight in two instalments. At the
end of feeding trial fish were sampled to study total RBC and WBC count, haemoglobin, serum lysozyme activity, serum total
protein, albumin (A), globulin (G) concentration and HSP70 expression. Total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration and serum
lysozyme activity did not vary significantly in response to different dietary phosphorus concentrations. Total WBC count was
found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T1 relative to all other treatments. Serum albumin and A/G ratio was found to be significantly lower in fish of T1 and T2 in relation to T7 group (P < 0.05). Serum globulin and total protein levels remained unaffected by variations in dietary phosphorus. HSP70 expression
was observed in T1 group (0.1% dP) in gills and brain tissue, but not in liver and muscle tissues. No HSP70 expression was observed in fish
of T4 (0.7% dP) and T8 (1.5% dP) treatments. These prima facie results suggest that dietary phosphorus had only minor influence on the haemato-biochemical parameters studied; however dietary
phosphorus deficiency caused organ specific induction of HSP70 in catla fingerlings. 相似文献
79.
D.N. CHATTOPADHYAY J.P. VERMA RADHEYSHYAM B. BEHERA S. SARKAR P.K. MUKHOPADHYAY 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e30-e38
Female Catla catla brood fish were reared in 12 ponds (0.03–0.05 ha) and fed daily once in the morning at 30 g kg?1 body weight for 150 days with formulated feeds (six treatment feeds each with two replicates of pond) to study the breeding performances. The feed ingredients were rice polish (RP) and groundnut oil cake (GNOC) (1 : 1) for T1 (control); RP, GNOC and fish meal (FM) (3 : 4 : 3) for T2; RP, GNOC, FM and soybean meal (SM) (3 : 4 : 2 : 1) for T3; RP, GNOC, FM and SM (3 : 4 : 1: 2) for T4; RP, GNOC, FM and SM (3 : 4 : 1 : 2) with added vitamin–mineral (VM) premix for T5; RP, GNOC, FM and SM (3 : 4 : 1 : 2) with added VM and vegetable oil for T6. Results indicated that except the feed T6, all other feed (T2–T5) with 338–344 g crude protein (CP) kg?1 feed enhanced the breeding performances of the fish compared with control (262 g CP kg?1). The feed T3 showed the best performances in terms of matured female (%), fully bred female (%), relative fecundity, spawn production and profit. This suggests that a combination of RP, GNOC, FM and SM at definite proportion could supply the essential nutrients needed for higher breeding response. 相似文献
80.
Labeo rohita and Argulus siamensis infection: Host size,local inflammatory reaction and immunity modulate ectoparasite load on fish
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Sonali Parida Amruta Mohapatra Jyotirmaya Mohanty Pramoda K Sahoo 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):757-766
Parasite species often show a heterogeneous, highly dispersed pattern of infestation within hosts. Varieties of factors including morphological, physiological, immunological and nutritional characteristics affect the infestation level of a specific parasite in homogenous pray. Limited attempts, however, have been made to explore such underlying drivers of infestation pattern. Here, three stages of Labeo rohita (fingerling, juvenile and pre‐adult) were challenged with ectoparasite, Argulus siamensis in same aquaria. The parasite load on individuals was determined at 5‐day interval for 1 month. The load was found to be highest in pre‐adult stage followed by juveniles and fingerlings. On day 20 post infection, the load of parasite on pre‐adult fish was high along with detectable skin damages. Skin tissues were collected for immune gene expression analysis and histopathology. Histological studies showed increased melanization in the dermis and mild inflammatory cellular reactions in pre‐adult fish whereas, massive subcutaneous myositis with engorged blood vessels were observed in fingerlings. The expression levels of various inflammation and innate immune‐related genes viz., interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐10, IL‐11, IL‐15, natural killer enhancing factor, toll‐like receptor 4, apolipoprotein A–I and immunoglobulin Z were significantly high in skin samples of infected fingerlings as compared to other two growth stages or controls of each stage. On the other hand, the expression of immunoglobulin M was down‐regulated in all infected samples as compared to their respective controls. The results thus depict that local immuno‐inflammatory response plays a significant role in determining susceptibility of host in intra‐specific group, and has important implications for ecology and aquaculture. 相似文献