对草鱼、鲢、鳙、团头鲂鱼种阶段的RNA／DNA的初步研究

本文对草鱼、鲢、鳙、团头鲂4种养殖鱼类在鱼苗期、1龄期、2龄期的RNA和DNA含量进行测定．结果指出RNA／DNA的变化规律与鱼类的生长情况一致，因此，RNA／DNA可以怍为评定这4种养殖鱼类在鱼种阶段生长的指标。     

池塘主养彭泽鲫鱼种高产试验报告

池塘面积1067m^3，主养彭泽鲫鱼种，搭配团头鲂及鲢鳙鱼种，经156天饲养，共产鱼1029．6kg，折合667m^2产鱼643．5kg。其中每667m^2产彭泽鲫鱼种367．8kg,平均规格70g。每667m^2利润3498元。投入产出比为1：1．67。     

Effects of all‐male,mixed‐sex and all‐female freshwater prawn in polyculture with major carps and molas in the fallow rice fields

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of all‐male, mixed‐sex and all‐female freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in a polyculture with major carps (Catla catla and Labeo rohita) and self‐recruiting small fish molas (Amblypharyngodon mola) in the fallow rice fields of Bangladesh. There were three treatments with three replicates. All ponds were stocked with carps and molas plus either all‐male prawns (treatment MP), mixed‐sex prawns (MFP) or all‐female prawns (FP). Prawn, mola, catla and rohu were stocked 20 000, 20 000, 1750 and 750 ha^?1, respectively, in all treatments. The prawns were fed twice daily, starting at 8% body weight and gradually reduced to 3% body weight. The fish were fed in the morning with mustard oil cake and rice bran (1:2 ratios) at 3% body weight. Significantly higher production of prawns (697 kg ha^?1) was obtained in treatment MP, which yielded 34.7% and 56.2% more production than MFP and FP respectively. Significantly higher total production of 1620 kg ha^?1 and a higher benefit–cost ratio of 2.10:1 were also obtained in treatment MP. It can be concluded that an all‐male prawn culture is economically more viable than all‐female and mixed‐sex prawn cultures, along with other fish like major carps and the nutrient‐dense molas in the polyculture.     

Effect of cortisol and triiodothyronine bath treatments on the digestive enzyme profile and growth of Catla catla larvae during ontogenic development

Digestive enzyme profile is a good indicator of the nutritional and health status of the fish. The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of exogenous bath treatment of hormones, cortisol and triiodothyronine, on the digestive enzyme activities and growth of carp Catla catla (Ham.) during ontogenic development. Catla larvae (4 days old) were given bath treatment with cortisol (hydrocortisone, 0.2 mg L^?1), 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3, 2.5 mg L^?1) and a combination of cortisol and T3 for 30 min. Digestive enzyme profile was recorded on every third day and was continued for 30 days. Larvae were fed with live food for initial 14 days and then weaned to mix feeding of live food and prepared diet. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher amylase, total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, chitinase and chitinobiase activities were found in the hormone‐treated groups compared to the control one during ontogenic development. Among the treated groups, amylase activity was highest in cortisol‐treated larvae. Total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, chitinase and chitinobiase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in larvae exposed at combined treatment of cortisol and T3 compared to the other two groups in most sampling days. Average length, weight and specific growth rate of treated larvae were higher compared to the control one. The combined bath treatment of cortisol and triiodothyronine influenced the digestive enzyme activities of catla larvae and thereby enhanced the growth at early developmental stage. This helps the larvae to overcome the problems associated with early developmental stage.     

赤眼鳟人工繁殖与苗种培育技术

试验进行了野生赤眼鳟（Squaliobarbus curriculus）的人工驯养、繁殖及苗种培育,并对其受精卵的胚胎发育情况进行了观察,结果表明：单独使用或组合使用促黄体素释放激素类似物（LRH-A2）、马来酸地欧酮（DOM）,以胸腹注射法进行一针或两针人工催产,效果都较好,效应时间一般随水温升高而缩短,24℃～27.5℃一针注射后的效应时间为10～12 h;22℃～23℃两针注射（距第二针）的效应时间为8h左右;浮盘与水泥池组合式孵化方式合理、可靠,3年累计孵出鱼苗218.2万尾;赤眼鳟的孵化时间与水温呈负相关,水温越高,孵化时间越短,在21～24℃时,一般需32 h孵出,而当水温上升至24～27.5℃时,则仅需20～24h即可出膜;鱼种培育阶段,生长较快,冬片鱼种规格也能达到10 cm～15 cm,3年累计育出赤眼鳟冬片鱼种22.81万尾,平均成活率达82.95%.     

Effects of Pawpaw Seed Powder as an Additive on Growth of Catfish Fingerlings Reared in an Indoor Tanks

Since the demand of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is on increase there is need to increase its production so as to meet the protein requirement of the populace. An investigation was conducted for six weeks feeding trial to determine the performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings feed diets containing varying replacement level of fish meal with pawpaw seed powder meal (Carica papaya). Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus were subjected to five different dietary treatments with varying levels of pawpaw seed powder meal. The diets I-V contained 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% replacement levels, respectively. The experiment was carried out in an 80 litres circular plastic bowls, the treatments were in triplicate. Each bowl contained 12 fingerlings. Feeding was done at 3% body weight per day and fishes were weighed every week. Growth parameters such as specific growth rate (SGR), weight gained (WG), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and mortality were determined. Therefore, it could be concluded that fish meal could be replaced up to 80% with pawpaw seed powder meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings to encourage growth, while at 40% pawpaw seed powder meal inclusion mortality was reduced.     

Evaluation of feeding rate based on growth,feed conversion,protein gain and carcass quality of fingerling Indian major carp,Catla catla (Hamilton)

The effects of feeding rates on growth, feed conversion, protein deposition and carcass quality of fingerling Catla catla (3.61 ± 0.03 cm; 0.71 ± 0.04 g) were worked out by conducting a 16‐week feeding trial. Fingerlings were fed with a casein‐gelatin‐based purified diet (40% crude protein CP; 14.95 MJ kg^?1 digestible energy; DE) at 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% body weight per day. The absolute weight gain (AWG; 10.50 g fish^?1) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.41) were highest at the feeding rate of 5% body weight per day. However, protein gain (PG; 0.36 g fish^?1) and carcass protein content attained the maximum values at 4% BW day^?1. Quadratic regression analyses of AWG g fish^?1 and PG g fish^?1 at 95% maximum response indicated that these parameters attained the best values at 4.19% and 3.81% BW day^?1. On the basis of the above results it is recommended that the feeding rate in the range of 3.81–4.19% BW day^?1 with a P:E ratio of 26.69–27.74 mg protein MJ^?1 DE is optimum for maximum growth, efficient feed conversion and best carcass quality in fingerling C. catla.     

Genetic Effects and Estimates for the Heritability of Size in Fingerling Hybrid Striped Bass Reared Indoors

Hybrid striped bass fingerlings were grown in replicated indoor tanks for 42 days to evaluate progeny performance of two growth-related traits. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in length and weight of fingerlings among paternal and maternal half-sib families and high estimates of heritability for dams and sires. Based on significant sire and dam effects and high heritabilities, a substantial portion of the selection differential could be expected to be gained in offspring from selected pure-line parents. As demonstrated by these results, a breeding program could be used to select parental lines that produce faster growing hybrid offspring.     

Induction,purification and partial characterization of vitellogenin in an Indian major carp Catla catla (Ham.)

Vitellogenin was purified from the serum of 17‐β estradiol (E₂)‐induced juvenile Catla catla using a simple two‐step purification procedure i.e. selective chemical precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography. Purified protein migrated as single band in a native gradient PAGE which indicated the purity of the sample. The molecular weight of the native catla vitellogenin (~440 kDa) was determined using gel filtration chromatography. In SDS‐PAGE under reducing conditions catla vitellogenin dissociated into three major sub units at 115 kDa, 102 kDa and 73 kDa along with a few faint bands. Confirmation of purified protein as catla vitellogenin was supported by multiple physiological evidences, e.g. absence in male as well as juvenile sera and presence in matured female fish, ability to be synthesized upon estradiol injection in immature fish and certain unique biochemical properties like high molecular weight, phospholipoglycoprotein nature of the molecule. Western blot analysis showed that polyclonal antibody raised against purified protein detected vitellogenin in the sera of catla and in a few species selected from Cyprinidae family. These antisera were used to detect vitellogenin in liver tissue of hormone‐induced catla using immunohistochemistry and its applicability in other immunoassays is discussed.     

大规格罗非鱼种池塘围栏越冬技术

【目的】探讨大规格罗非鱼种池塘围栏的越冬技术,为罗非鱼养殖提供低成本、高收益的安全越冬技术。【方法】在3个池塘中设置隔水围栏,越冬期陆续抽取地下温水补充注入围栏内,并对围栏内与外塘相近区域水温及水体溶解氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮等水质指标进行监测。【结果】越冬期,除2号池塘外,围栏内水温保持在16~18℃,水体溶解氧的变化范围为3.5~6.0mg/L,氨氮平均值低于0.5mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮低于0.06mg/L;3个池塘罗非鱼鱼种成活率分别为98.0%、62.0%和99.0%。【结论】采用池塘围栏与抽取地下温水注入相结合的越冬模式,能确保大规格罗非鱼种安全越冬且生长效果较好,可在广西范围内推广应用。