复方柴金解郁片抗抑郁作用的实验研究

目的 初步探讨复方柴金解郁片的抗抑郁作用。方法 建立两种小鼠抑郁模型,即小鼠强迫游泳实验和悬尾实验复制应激行为绝望抑郁模型,五羟色胺酸和利血平诱导药物所致抑郁模型;检测小鼠强迫游泳实验和悬尾实验不动时间,五羟色胺酸诱导的抑郁小鼠甩头次数,利血平诱导的抑郁小鼠体温、眼睑闭合、运动不能差异程度。结果 小鼠强迫游泳实验和悬尾实验中,与空白对照组比较,复方柴金解郁片2倍或（1倍）剂量组不动时间明显减少（P<0.05）。在五羟色胺酸诱导的小鼠甩头实验中,与空白对照组比较,复方柴金解郁片2倍剂量组甩头次数明显增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）。在利血平诱导的小鼠抑郁实验中,与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠眼睑不能睁开1/2和运动不能动物数明显增加,1 h后及4 h后其余各组小鼠体温均有所下降（P<0.01或P<0.05）;与模型组比较,复方柴金解郁片2倍或1倍剂量组小鼠眼睑不能睁开1/2和运动不能动物数明显减少,药后1 h及4 h小鼠体温明显上升（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论 复方柴金解郁片对各种小鼠抑郁模型都有明显的抗抑郁作用。     

Energy partitioning in cultured juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna,Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)

The characteristics of dietary utilization, energy conversion efficiency, metabolic rate and energy partitioning were measured for cultured Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) juveniles fed on an artificial diet. Thirty‐one juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g BW) were stocked into each of two 2500 L tanks to measure oxygen consumption (?O₂), swimming speed, digestibility and growth performance. ?O₂ elevated until 2.5 ± 0.3 times of pre‐feeding level within 1.5 h after feeding, except for the first feeding, and returned to pre‐feeding level within 3 h. Swimming speed fluctuation was corresponded with the ?O₂ fluctuation, and both parameters were stable from 02:00 to 06:00 and also during the whole day for starved fish. These indicate that feeding has strong influence on their metabolic rate. Energy partitioning for faecal, urinary and branchial, heat increment and voluntary activity, standard metabolism, and retained energy were calculated to be 17.2%, 5.9%, 14.9%, 41.3% and 20.7% of total ingested energy, respectively. The results indicate that, unlike other fish, juvenile PBT distribute large amount of energy for maintenance, which allows only a little proportion of ingested energy available for growth.     

短须裂腹鱼有氧游泳能力及其行为的实验研究

研究短须裂腹鱼的游泳能力、运动生理及游泳行为,为过鱼设施的设计提供参考依据。实验用15尾短须裂腹鱼于2013年7月中旬采自金沙江上游玛曲河河口处,体长(23.83±2.47)cm,体重(224.95±76.83)g。游泳能力测试装置采用丹麦Loligo Systems公司生产的大型游泳水槽。(1)短须裂腹鱼临界游泳速度为(75.04±7.6)cm/s、(3.17±0.42)BL/s;(2)运动耗氧率与游泳速度呈幂函数关系:MO2=100.00+42.61U1.81(R2=0.995,P0.001);单位距离耗氧率(COT)与游泳速度的关系也呈幂函数关系:COT=0.12U-1+0.04U1.02(R2=0.898,P0.001),最适游速Uopt=1.81 BL/s,COTmin=0.14 mg/(kg·m);(3)随着游泳速度的增加,尾摆幅度的变化不显著(P0.05),变化范围为0.17~0.26 BL、平均(0.21±0.02)BL,而尾摆频率和运动步长都呈线性增加的趋势。     

许氏平鲉、大泷六线鱼临界游速与爆发游速及其生理指标的研究

利用垂直循环回流水槽和PVC水槽,分别测定了许氏平鲉Sebastes schlegeli、大泷六线鱼Hexagram-mos otakii的临界游速和爆发游速,并分析了鱼类游泳后对其生理指标的影响。结果表明：体长为10~22cm的许氏平鲉其临界游速为44.69~69.07 cm/s,其相对临界游速为3.11~4.69 BL/s;体长为10~22 cm的大泷六线鱼其临界游速为42.39~82.93 cm/s,其相对临界游速为3.45~4.90 BL/s;体长为10~22 cm的许氏平鲉其爆发游速为76.68~118.18 cm/s;体长为10~22 cm的大泷六线鱼其爆发游速为81.69~121.25 cm/s。根据临界游速测定结果,估算出许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼的最大游泳距离分别为6 776.4 m和7 423.2 m;根据爆发游速的测定结果估算出两种鱼的最适逃逸距离为15~25 m。临界游泳疲劳后,许氏平鲉血糖、血乳酸和肌肉乳酸含量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,肌糖元、肌肉蛋白与对照组无显著差异（P〉0.05）;大泷六线鱼血乳酸、肌肉乳酸含量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,血糖、肌糖元、肌肉蛋白含量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。爆发游泳疲劳后,许氏平鲉血糖、血乳酸、肌肉乳酸含量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,肌糖元含量与对照组无显著差异（P〉0.05）;大泷六线鱼血糖、肌糖元、肌肉蛋白含量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,血乳酸含量显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,肌肉乳酸含量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。     

Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,fatty acid profile and enzymatic activity of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus

The main objective of this investigation was to study the lipid requirements of the early juvenile (C1) swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) based on growth performance, survival, moulting and fatty acid profile. Four test diets were formulated with graded lipid levels (3.63%, 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91%). Each diet was fed to 4 replicates of crabs (30 crabs per replicate initial weight (8.4 ± 0.1 mg). In this study, crabs fed diets with 13.91% lipid had significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid, but no significant (p > 0.05) improvement of survival was observed when dietary lipid increase from 6.70% to 13.91%. Crabs fed diets with 10.72% and 13.91% lipid had significant higher weight gain(WG) than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid. While crabs fed with diets containing 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91% lipid showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain(WG). Moreover, the lowest moulting number was observed in crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among other groups. The content of LC‐PUFA and DHA in the crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid was significant (p < 0.05) lower compared to other groups. But there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in EPA and ARA content among all groups. The activity of lipase increased as dietary lipid level increased (from 6.70% to 10.72%). However, beyond 10.72%, a significant (p < 0.05) decreased in lipase activity was observed. The regression analysis of weight gain data indicated that crab fed diet containing 10.47% lipid level is considered as optimum lipid level for its maximum growth and moulting process.     

水流对杂交鲟幼鱼游泳行为的影响

在26℃水温下,使用特制的鱼类游泳行为测定装置研究了杂交鲟(Huso duricusGeorgi♂×Acipenser schrenc-kiBrandt♀)幼鱼在0 m/s、0.1 m/s、0.3 m/s、0.5 m/s 4种流速条件下的游泳行为。结果显示:杂交鲟幼鱼随着流速的增加趋流率增大,且在90min内趋流率达到100%所需的时间明显缩短。实过过程中0.3 m/s和0.5 m/s两组摆尾频率都高于0.1 m/s和静水组,但在各个时段内,摆尾频率与趋流率均没有显著的相关。杂交鲟幼鱼的游泳状态明显受到所处流速的影响:0.1 m/s流速下以逆流前进为主,约占时间比例56.3%;0.3 m/s流速下以逆流静止为主,约占时间比例58.1%;0.5 m/s流速下以逆流后退为主,约占时间比例80.7%。在逆流前进和逆流静止两种游泳状态下,杂交鲟幼鱼的游泳速度和摆尾频率呈线性相关。但在逆流后退和顺流而下两种状态下,两者之间却没有显著的相关,且此两种状态下其游泳速度和摆尾频率随流速增加的变化趋势也不一致。     

A new device for monitoring the activity of freely swimming flatfish, Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The tail beat and activity behavior of four captive Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , were monitored with acceleration data-loggers while the fish swam in an aquarium. Depth, swimming speeds and two-axis acceleration data were collected continuously for approximately 20 h per fish. Simultaneously, the swimming behaviors of the fish were filmed at different angles. Using the specific characteristic of the acceleration profiles, in tandem with other types of data (e.g. speed and depth), four behavioral patterns could be distinguished: (i) 'active' swimming; (ii) burying patterns; (iii) 'inactive' gliding; and (iv) lying on the bottom. Tail beat frequency ranged from 1.65 ± 0.47 to 2.04 ± 0.25 Hz (mean ± SD; n  = 4). Using the relationship between tail beat frequency and swimming speed, the 'preferred' swimming speed of the fish was estimated to be between 0.6 and 1.2 body lengths (BL)/s. Additionally, fish rarely swam faster than 1.2 BL/s. This study shows that the acceleration data-loggers represent a useful and reliable system for accurately recording the tail beat of free-ranging fish and estimating flatfish behavior.     

Skipjack velocity, dwell time and migration

Apparent velocities (distance travelled/time at liberty) of tagged Pacific skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, observed over the 1978 to 1982 Skipjack Survey and Assessment Program (SSAP) of the South Pacific Commission (SPC) were very low (less than 10 cm s^-1in 90% of observations) compared with the minimum swimming speed of skipjack tunas of 70–100 cm s^-1. Such low apparent velocities are not biologically meaningful and therefore the extrapolation of biological properties from mathematical models, such as diffusion and advection models, based on the tagging data is difficult, if not impossible. This paper explores alternative approaches to the 1978 to 1982 SSAP data set. Dwell time and migration analysis indicate a north to south seasonal migratory pattern with the skipjack home range located along an arc from the Solomon Islands, through Fiji and Samoa, to the Marquesas. Ancillary evidence supports a purposeful rather than advective migration pattern that oscillates between southern feeding areas and northern breeding areas. many hands. Most of the previous analyses have focused on the issue of interactions between fisheries for K. pelamis that are in different political jurisdictions (Kleiber et al., 1984) and estimates of the size of the standing crop of K. pelamis (Kleiber et al., 1983; Kearney et al., 1984). Models of interactions between fisheries for K. pelamis in different jurisdictions (Sibert, 1984; Hilborn, 1990) have pointed towards the use of diffusion and advection models in studying fish movements (Sibert and Fournier, 1994; Sibert et al., 1995).     

Behavioural transition during the estuarine migration of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt

Abstract –  Ultrasonic telemetry and hydrodynamic modelling were used to study the migratory behaviour of 54 wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) smolt captured in freshwater during their downstream migration and tracked in 2 years through a shallow estuary system. A high-density, fixed array of receivers provided detailed spatial and temporal resolution of behaviour in the second year of study. Smolt migration in the river occurred mostly at night and downstream migration was slower during the day. In the estuary, smolt moved seaward on ebbing tides and landward on flooding tides. The effect of current velocity was greater during the night than during the day. We documented for the first time that current velocity and diurnal period only accounted for approximately one-third of the variation in smolt ground speeds in the estuary, indicating that smolt movements were far less passive than previously reported. Smolt energetic status had no effect on smolt swimming behaviour or migratory performance. With an increase in salinity, smolt seaward movements during flooding tides were more frequent, and overall seaward ground velocity increased. The increase in salinity experienced by the smolt during their migration through the leading edge of saltwater intrusion thus induced a behavioural transition from a more passive, fluvial migration to a more active- and seaward-oriented migration.