Specific polyphenol oxidase activity of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and its relation with forage quality in field experiments

Abstract

In feeding studies, red clover (RC) influenced positively the N utilization by ruminants. A relationship between polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and forage quality has not been established. Our objective was to investigate seasonal, site, genotype, and management effects on specific PPO activity in RC in three experiments under field conditions, and relate the activity to forage-quality parameters. In Experiment 1, six RC genotypes at two study sites were submitted to a 3-cut system. Specific PPO activity, forage quality, and vegetation stage were determined. PPO activity varied between harvest and study sites, with genotypes differing up to 3-fold in PPO activity within harvests. The specific PPO activity, forage quality, and vegetation stage in RC subjected to 5-cut system and grazing (Experiment 2) were determined. Additionally, in Experiment 3, cutting frequency in RC swards including mechanical stress (rolling) was investigated. The induction of PPO activity in RC by grazing or mechanical stress (Experiments 2 and 3) increased the activity up to 2.5-fold compared with RC at similar vegetation stage submitted to the 5-cut system. Mechanical stress induced by grazing or rolling, and seasonal differences, seem to have a larger influence on specific PPO activity than does the genotype effect observed in Experiment 1. For forage quality, an increased specific PPO activity explained 29–46% of the reduction in protein fraction ‘A’ content (non-protein N) in the cutting systems in Experiments 2 and 3. Other CP fractions achieved a lower relation. Furthermore, the precipitation-to-temperature ratio preceeding a harvest explained 63% of the variation in the specific PPO activity. In conclusion, the PPO activity in RC is induced by grazing and rolling. Whereas weather conditions preceeding a harvest showed a large influence, genotype influence had only minor relevance. These results may have implications for regional harvest management towards efficient N utilization by ruminants.     

人呼吸道合胞病毒的研究与防治进展

人呼吸道合胞病毒是全世界婴幼儿下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体,导致每年超过300万人住院和20万以上的人死亡,给全球带来了非常严重的经济和社会负担。目前,尚不存在防治RSV的疫苗,也没有特异性强、安全性高的抗RSV药物。对HRSV的结构、流行病学特征以及疾病模型构建方面的研究进展进行综述,并对已有的检测和治疗方法进行总结,旨在为今后开发抗HRSV的药物提供全面的参考信息。     

产单核细胞李斯特菌P60蛋白的可溶性表达

以食品中分离到的L.mXFL0605株为试验菌株,PCR扩增得到iap全基因。将iap连接到pET-28a(+)载体进行原核表达,分别采用培养温度为25℃或37℃,IPTG浓度为5μg/mL或10μg/mL优化组合进行诱导。结果显示,当采用37℃培养和10μg/mLIPTG诱导时可以获得部分可溶性表达的p60,重组p60蛋白分子质量约60 ku。     

大豆高赖氨酸基因PM8在烟草中的超量表达及其抗非生物胁迫功能研究

应用生物信息学方法在GenBank数据库查找到1条编码大豆LEA3蛋白的高赖氨酸蛋白基因PM8(登录号:Z22872),并利用RT-PCR方法从大豆干种子中克隆得到该基因,序列分析表明,PM8基因与GenBank上的序列存在5个碱基的差异,使编码蛋白的赖氨酸重量比由原来的19.65%增加为19.93%。构建了PM8基因的植物表达载体pEMT-PM8,用农杆菌介导法转化烟草。从转PM8基因的PCR阳性植株中选取5个既抗盐又抗旱的株系进行Real-timePCR检测。结果表明,PM8基因全部超量表达。研究为培育高营养品质且抗逆的转基因作物研究提供了一条新的途径,具有重要的研究价值。     

大豆水溶性蛋白含量测定的不确定度评定

建立大豆水溶性蛋白含量测定（NY/T 1205-2006）不确定度评定的数学模型,对检测过程中带来的各个不确定度分量进行识别和量化,提出应用该方法检测的不确定度评定结果。     

秸秆覆盖对附子氮代谢几种相关酶活性的影响

以江油附子主栽品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,研究了稻草覆盖方式(整草覆盖、切割与粉碎覆盖)和数量对附子硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷草转氨酶(ALT/GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(AST/GPT)等几种氮代谢相关酶活性的影响.结果表明:各覆盖处理的酶活性水平均高于对照组,即秸秆覆盖处理均有效益；不同的秸秆覆盖量间差异性显著,覆盖量为1 kg/m的处理酶活性水平高于覆盖量为0.5 kg/m2和1.5 kg/m2的处理；虽然切割覆盖的酶活性水平高于整草覆盖和粉碎覆盖,但不同覆盖处理间差异性并不显著；切割覆盖1 kg/m2处理的NR、GOT和GPT酶活性水平虽均为最高,但整草覆盖1 kg/m更能够达到较高经济效益的栽培效果；3种酶之间存在较好的正相关性,具有一定的协同作用.     

甜高梁秸秆酒糟复合饲料的初步研制

以甜高粱秸秆发酵乙醇后的酒糟作为原料,与其他饲料进行简单复配,制成了适口性好、价格低廉、具有一定饲用价值的粗饲料。其配制方法简单且易于推广,既补充了动物养殖的粗饲料,又提高了甜高粱秸秆的综合利用率,还可减小发酵企业对环境的污染。