Clenbuterol诱导载酯蛋白D在猪脂肪组织中表达加强

Clenbuterol(CLB,盐酸克伦特罗),俗称瘦肉精。由于其在动物体内广泛残留,可能导致食用此类产品的人中毒而被禁止使用,但已有研究表明该制剂可显著减少猪脂肪沉积,因此,对其分子机制进行深入研究将具有重要的理论与实践价值。本研究通过对家猪饲喂高剂量clenbuterol(≥1.5mg/kg体重),提高瘦肉率10%左右。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术对脂肪组织中与脂类代谢密切相关的4个基因研究发现,饲喂clenbuterol的猪脂肪组织内载酯蛋白D(apolipoprotein D,apoD)mRNA丰度增加超过2倍,而脂蛋白酯酶(lipoprotein lipase,lpl)、硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶(stearoyl-CoA desaturase,scd)和激素敏感脂酶(hormone sensitive lipase,hsl)mRNA丰度变化不明显。因此,推断clenbuterol通过改变部分脂代谢关键基因的表达来实现减少脂肪积累。载酯蛋白D可能是CLB应答基因之一。     

反式脂肪酸降低乳脂合成的机理

乳中的反式脂肪酸直接来源于日粮脂肪或由瘤胃微生物氢化生成,本文重点介绍了反10-油酸和反10,顺12-共轭亚油酸两种不同反式脂肪酸对乳脂合成的影响,讨论了反式脂肪酸影响乳脂合成的机理,可能是反式脂肪酸通过抑制乳腺中脂肪酸合成的关键酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合成酶的活性,进而导致乳脂合成的减少。     

Vitamin C enhanced myocardial differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells

AIM: In order to observe the myocardial differentiation capacity of the dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells treated with vitamin C in vitro. METHODS: DFAT cells were dedifferentiated from the mature rat adipocytes with ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells of passage 3 were used in the study. Vitamin C and/or neonatal rat heart tissue lysate were added into the culture medium to induce myocardial differentiation for 3 weeks. The cell morphology was observed under microscope. The myocardial-specific markers, such as cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5, were examined by the methods of immunofluorescence, PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Mature rat adipocytes dedifferentiated into fibroblast-like DFAT cells after ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells spontaneously differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells under normal culture condition with a low incidence. After treated with neonatal rat heart cell lysate, the DFAT cells became cardiomyocyte-like cells that had bigger size, longer shape and myotubule-structure. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was remarkably increased at both mRNA and protein levels as compared with the normal cultured DFAT cells. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was further increased in DFAT cells after treating with vitamin C. No spontaneous beating cell was observed. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C enhances the differentiation of DFAT cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.     

高油高产大豆新品种嫩丰19的选育

嫩丰19是黑龙江省农科院嫩江农科所育成,2005年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名推广的大豆新品种.该品种生育日数120 d,需活动积温为2 500℃,脂肪含量22.05%,2003年被列入省良种化工程项目.具有高油、耐瘠,丰产性优良等特性,适宜黑龙江省第一积温带中上等土壤肥力条件下种植.     

日本沼虾饲料最适蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比的研究

本文研究了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)饲料的最适蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比。试验用饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、混合油、复合维生素和无机盐混合物等组成。本试验用的日本沼虾体重为 1.77±0.23克,试验期间水温为 21—25℃。用增重率、饲料系数和肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力等作为评价指标。试验结果表明:日本沼虾配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量为 36.8—42.27％,适宜脂肪含量为6—12％。当配合饲料的蛋内质含量在适宜范围内,饲料能量蛋白比(C/P)为8千卡/克蛋白左右,每公斤配合饲料的总能量为3006—3561千卡是最为适宜的。当饲料总能量在一定范围内,随着饲料碳水化合物含量的增加,肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力增强。     

Nutrient digestibility studies in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell)

The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC %) for protein in catfishes, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) (16–18 cm; 45–50 g), C. gariepinus (Burchell) (21–22 cm; 60–65 g) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (10–12 cm; 10–15 g) was estimated for nine feedstuffs of plant and animal origin. Fat digestibility was tested for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus, wherein the influence of feeding frequency on protein digestibility was also examined. The digestibility trials were conducted with triplicate groups of 25 fish each in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min^?1) circular tanks (water volume=55 L). Fish were fed to satiation daily, at 08:00 and 18:00 hours, and faecal matter was collected through slow siphoning. For studying the effect of feeding frequency, fish were fed the experimental diets at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 hours. The protein digestibility of the feedstuffs varied significantly within each test species. However, the protein digestibility values for most of the ingredients tested were comparable between the three catfish species. The most efficient utilization of protein in these fishes was noted for soybean meal followed by lab‐prepared fishmeal. The lowest protein digestibility was recorded for rice bran. Similarly, the utilization of fat from the feedstuffs was also significantly different within each of the two species, C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Fat digestibility of feed ingredients was similar between the two species. With respect to the fat, soybean meal, lab‐prepared fishmeal, full‐fat soybean meal and dried fish were more efficiently utilized, while the lowest fat digestibility was obtained for rice bran. A marked decline in protein utilization was observed in the two species where the feeding frequency was increased from two to four times a day.     

超声波辅助提取白果粗脂肪

以自制白果粉为原料,分析了提取溶剂、粉料粒度、提取温度、超声波功率、料液比、提取时间及提取次数对白果出油率的影响。结果表明:石油醚(沸程60～90℃)是较适宜的提取溶剂,出油率为3.88%。最佳提取工艺为:白果粉粉碎度80目,提取温度25℃,超声波提取功率200 W,料液比1∶25(g/ml),每次提取时间40 min,提取次数2次。最优工艺条件下,出油率为3.86%,较索氏提取法,该工艺对白果粗脂肪的提取率为98.71%。     

南极鱼类适应低温的分子进化研究进展

南大洋是地球上最冷的水域,水温常年在0℃以下,许多生物在南大洋降温过程中走向灭绝,而南极鱼亚目鱼类在南大洋逐渐变冷过程中快速进化,成为冰冻海域最繁盛的脊椎动物.随着越来越多的南极亚目鱼类基因组完成测序和分析,人们对这些鱼类在冰冻环境下生存和繁衍机制的认识也越来越深入和全面.本文从抗冻蛋白的起源、血液发生、抗过氧化机制、...     

七彩山鸡腹脂与皮下脂肪、肌脂率、肝脂率的关系

在相同的条件下,饲养80羽公七彩山鸡和120羽母七彩山鸡,并于10周龄屠宰测定其腹脂、腹脂率和颈部、胸部、腿部皮下脂肪重;用乙醚抽提法测定了腿肌、胸肌、肝脏的含脂率。结果表明：腹脂重、腹胀率与腿部、胸部、颈部皮下脂肪呈显著的正相关（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）;而腹脂重、腹胀率、皮下脂肪重与腿肌、胸肌含脂率的相关性不显著（P＞0.05）;而与肝脏含脂率表现为显著的正相关（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。     

兴山核桃复选株系核仁粗脂肪与糖分测定

对２０个核桃（Ｊｕｇｌａｎｓ ｒｅｇｉａ Ｌ）复选株系核仁的粗脂肪和糖分进行了测定,结果表明：干核仁粗脂肪含量６８．３１￣７６．６８ｇ／１００ｇ,株系间呈极显著差异,比对照（６６．５４ｇ／１００ｇ）提高２．６６％￣１５．２４％;糖分含量２．３７￣５．３８ｇ／１００ｇ,株系间呈极显著差异,比对照（２．０６ｇ／１００ｇ）提高１５．０５％￣１６１．１７％。