贝类对海水养殖新源水悬浮物的生物沉积作用

为了去除工厂化海水养殖新源水中含有的大量悬浮颗粒物,针对蓄水池中悬浮物重力沉降速率较慢,利用一般的机械过滤或泡沫分离又消耗大量能源的缺点,该试验选择适应能力强的滤食性双壳贝类太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）和紫贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）,在不同时期进行现场试验,测定其对蓄水池新源水中悬浮物的生物沉积速率并评估通过一定规模放养贝类对整个蓄水池中悬浮物的沉积效果。结果表明,在适宜的温度条件下（17～25℃）,太平洋牡蛎对蓄水池水中悬浮物生物沉积速率为1.08～1.32 g/（ind·d）,紫贻贝为0.65～0.85 g/（ind·d）。通过在蓄水池中大量吊笼养贝类,蓄水池中贝类养殖区的悬浮物沉降速率明显高于非养殖区。表明滤食性双壳贝类可以用于工厂化养殖新源水中悬浮物的去除,不仅能够实现污染物的资源化去除,还降低了新源水的后续处理负荷。     

滤食性双壳贝类对工厂化养殖废水中悬浮物的生物滤除研究

针对海水鱼类半滑舌鳎养殖池排出水中大量絮状悬浮物难以用常规机械过滤法去除的问题,选择适应能力强的滤食性双壳贝类长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis),通过现场实验测定了它们对鱼类养殖排出水中悬浮物的生物滤除能力。结果表明,在海水流速为100L·h-1条件下,牡蛎[壳高(9.80±0.45)cm,湿重(117.0±10.0)g]和贻贝[壳高(6.54±0.26)cm,湿重(29.7±2.4)g]对养殖排出水悬浮物的生物沉积速率分别为40.28～45.30mg·ind-1·d-1[平均(43.40±2.16)mg·ind-1·d-1]和6.96～8.87mg·ind-·1d-1[平均(7.66±0.99)mg·ind-·1d-1];在实验海水流速为150L·h-1条件下,牡蛎[壳高(9.33±0.99)cm,湿重(95.8±31.4)g]和贻贝[壳高(6.39±0.91)cm,湿重(28.0±15.4)g]对悬浮物的生物沉积速率分别为13.68～22.50mg·ind-1·d-1[平均(17.35±4.59)mg·ind-1·d-1]和5.37～...     

半径间隙对水润滑轴承轴心轨迹的影响

为了研究海水淡化高压泵水润滑轴承半径间隙对转子系统稳定性的影响,设计了3种不同半径间隙的水润滑轴承,采用数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方法,对不同半径间隙时的干、湿转子轴心轨迹进行研究.结果表明:随着轴承半径间隙的增大,干转子的涡动中心明显向X,Y轴负方向漂移,而湿转子由于系统的阻尼增大涡动中心变化不明显;湿转子的涡动振幅明显大于干转子的;数值计算的结果与试验结果基本吻合,在轴承间隙较大时,干转子系统稳定性较差,半径间隙为0.1 mm时,润滑效果最好.研究结果为海水淡化高压泵水润滑轴承参数的优化设计提供必要的参考依据.     

近海海水和表层沉积物重金属污染与生态风险评价——以海南新村港为例

为了评价近海海水和沉积物中重金属含量与分布,以海南陵水新村港为例,对新村港近海区域设置取样监测点,分析海水和表层沉积物中的重金属元素(Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Hg和Zn)含量,采用综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对海水和沉积物中的重金属污染程度与生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,海水中Cd、Pb、As、Cu和Zn的含量(μg/L)范围分别为0~0.58μg/L、0~3.85μg/L、0.6~4.15μg/L、0.55~4.7μg/L和0~48μg/L,年均含量分别为0.073μg/L、0.87μg/L、1.67μg/L、1.90μg/L和14.49μg/L,Hg未检出。表层沉积物Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的年均含量分别为15.37 mg/kg、63.97 mg/kg、0.175 mg/kg、18.32 mg/kg、8.05 mg/kg和0.097 mg/kg。海水中综合污染指数小于1,海水未受到重金属的污染;沉积物综合污染指数大于10,呈现较高污染状况,主要是由海水养殖和船舶运输造成的。通过潜在生态风险指数评价表明,该海域表层沉积物中重金属对海洋生态系统的潜在生态风险属于中等水平,重金属的危害大小顺序是Hg﹥Cd﹥As﹥Cu﹥Pb﹥Zn。     

华北平原海水灌溉对土壤性质和菊芋产量的影响

Irrigation with various dilutions of seawater can act as an alternate water resource and thus plays an important role in saving freshwater resources as well as promoting agriculture in the coastal semi-arid areas of the North China Plain. Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus L.） grown in a field experiment was irrigated with seawater diluted with freshwater from 2001 to 2003 to determine the feasibility of seawater irrigation in the Laizhou area. For treatments of CK （non-irrigation） along with seawater concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, total dissolved solid （TDS） in the non-irrigated soil significantly increased （P ≤ 0.05） in both 2002 and 2003 and was 1.3 times higher in 2003 than in 2001. In the 25% and 50% seawater concentration treatments, TDS in 2001 was significantly greater （P ≤ 0.05） than CK; however, TDS in these two treatments decreased by 34.9% and 40.1%, respectively, in 2003 compared with 2001. The sodium adsorption ratio （SAR） remained below 10 mmol^1/2 L^-1/2, indicating that alkalization was low with seawater irrigation. In 2001 and 2002, compared to CK and the irrigation treatment with 75% seawater, irrigation with 25% and 50% seawater increased the yields of Jerusalem .artichoke. This meant that Jerusalem artichoke could be safely grown in salt-affected land of Laizhou area with 25% and 50% seawater irrigation.     

保持产量提高蕃茄品质的盐水灌溉

以两种不同稀释浓度的海水(3和6西门子/米)滴灌“PClll”蕃茄,分别在第一片真叶(早期)和第一个裂果出现(晚期)时进行。一般而言,盐分提高了风味、可溶性固形物及糖的浓度,减少了色斑。因而提高了果实的总体品质,货架寿命未受盐处理的影响。最重要的发现是:在植物发育后期,用低浓度盐水灌溉,其总产量与对照相比无实质性的差异、达出口质量的产量相同,而果食的品味远比对照好。沙漠地区温室栽培的蕃茄,采用盐水灌溉的方法提高果食品质是可行的。     

Preliminary study to evaluate the effects of dietary bile acids on growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed plant ingredient‐based diets

A 9‐week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BAs) on juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus) based on the evaluations of growth performance and parameters relevant to lipid metabolism. Each of five vegetable protein‐based diets containing BAs at a level of 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45 or 1.35 g/kg diet was fed to three replicates with 40 fish (8.2 g per fish). The results showed that weight gain (WG) increased significantly with the increase in BAs from 0 to 0.15 g/kg diet and then decreased significantly at a higher BA supplementation. Dietary BAs significantly reduced the crude lipid content in the whole body, muscle and liver tissue of GIFT. Fish fed diet with 1.35 g BAs/kg diet developed serious nuclear migration and vacuolization in hepatocytes. Gall bladder appeared to contain white solid and has fragile capsules. Dietary BA supplementation had significant effects on serum biochemical indices and activities of lipid metabolism enzymes in liver and intestine. In conclusion, dietary bile acid supplementation (0.15 g/kg) can facilitate the lipid metabolism and therefore promote the growth of tilapia. However, overdosed dietary BAs induced gallstone development, disrupted lipid metabolism and depressed the growth performances of GIFT.     

磁化海水在对虾育苗中的应用研究

经过磁场处理的海水;应用在中国对虾人工育苗和短期养成的研究中,产生了良好的生物效应,使用1600G、2400G、3000G三种磁感应强度的磁化装置处理的海水,对于仔虾的成活率都有较明显的提高,平均提高17.90％;在对虾短期养成(室内)中,使成活率和体长都比对照高,平均提高51.88％和10.56％。这主要因为     

The Role of Seawater and Saline Solutions in Treatment of Upper Respiratory Conditions

The history of saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is indeed a long one, beginning from the ancient Ayurvedic practices and gaining a foothold in the west at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, there is a growing number of papers covering the effects of SNI, from in vitro studies to randomized clinical trials and literature overviews. Based on the recommendations of most of the European and American professional associations, seawater, alone or in combination with other preparations, has its place in the treatment of numerous conditions of the upper respiratory tract (URT), primarily chronic (rhino)sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, acute URT infections and postoperative recovery. Additionally, taking into account its multiple mechanisms of action and mounting evidence from recent studies, locally applied seawater preparations may have an important role in the prevention of viral and bacterial infections of the URT. In this review we discuss results published in the past years focusing on seawater preparations and their use in clinical and everyday conditions, since such products provide the benefits of additional ions vs. saline, have an excellent safety profile and are recommended by most professional associations in the field of otorhinolaryngology.