大花序桉种源/家系试验的早期研究

运用方差分析和聚类分析方法对建立在广西玉林市林科所和广西钦廉林场2.5年生大花序桉种源/家系试验林的生长量进行了分析研究,发现这2个试验点大花序桉的树高、胸径、单株材积等生长性状无论在种源间,还是家系间均存在显著差异;种源的树高生长与地点有明显的交互作用,而胸径、单株材积与地点的交互作用则不显著;家系的树高、胸径、单株材积生长与地点的交互作用显著;种源的生长表现与原产地地理位置无显著相关关系;同时初步选择了各自表现好的优良种源与家系。     

Selection, propagation and cultivation of Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use

Based on the growth, wood property of the ortets, and rooting abilities of cuttings, 32 Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use were selected from forests of superior provenance, mixed families, and progeny test of seed orchard by two-step selection. The average height and DBH growth of three-year-old clones were 28.6% and 16.7%, respectively, higher than those from seedlings, and average gain of wood density reached 8.7%. Rooting rate of all these clones was over 80%, 28% higher than the clones selected by a single step. A cutting orchard of 0.33 hm² on the hillside was constructed to intensively produce cuttings according to the tests on construction methods, pruning, and fertilization. A total of 50,000 grade I, 37,500 grade II, and 62,500 grade III cuttings were collected per hectare of this cutting orchard each time, and were cut three times each year. With all the above techniques, 48 hm² of clonal forests for pulp use of those clones had been planted in five places in Fujian Province. Container stecklings are more likely to increase the planting survival rate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(1): 64–69 [译自: 林业科学]     

Performance and yield of 14 eucalypt species on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. grassland 3 years after planting

A species trial with 14 eucalypt species with randomized complete blocks design was planted on Imperata cylindrica dominated grassland in South Kalimantan, Indonesia in January 1987. The site was prepared mechanically. No fertilizers were used. At the age of three years E. camaldulensis had clearly the highest survival rate (95%) and mean annual increment (5.9 m³ha^–1a^–1) compared with the other species tried. It was followed by E. urophylla, E. deglupta, E. pellita, E. tereticornis, E. alba, E. torelliana, E. intermedia, E. grandis and E. pilularis. Four other species, E. phaeotricha, E. resinifera, E. cloeziana and E. microcorys died either in the nursery or immediately after planting. All the eucalypts tried had narrow crowns and open canopies. It is suggested that eucalypts are not recommendable for grassland reforestation under minimum plantation tending. Effects of intensive weeding, spacing, fertilizing and performance in second rotation or mixed stands should be tested to elaborate the suitability of eucalypts on grasslands.     

山茱萸选优初报

山茱萸种内主要经济性状变异较大,进行选优育种有广泛的物质基础。对产量构成因子(单株产果量、单果重、出皮率、抗性等)分别采用绝对和相对标准直接选择的方法,在全省范围内,通过四年选择,选出优树20株。文中报告了综合表型较好的8901,8902,8916,8927,8929,8935,8936,H_3,H_5,H_7等10株优树。     

Genetic variation in foliar nutrient concentration in relation to foliar carbon isotope composition and tree growth with clones of the F1 hybrid between slash pine and Caribbean pine

The objectives of this study were: (1) to quantify the genetic variation in foliar nutrient concentration in relation to foliar carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) and tree growth of 122 clones of ca. 4-year-old F₁ hybrids between slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm var. elliottii) and Caribbean pine (P. caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. et Golf.) grown at two experimental sites with different water and nutrient availability in southeast Queensland, Australia and (2) to examine the potential of using foliar nutrient concentration of the 4-year-old tree canopies for selecting elite F₁ hybrid pine clones with improved nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) and water-use efficiency (WUE), and ultimately enhanced tree growth under ambient growing conditions. There were significant differences in foliar nutrient concentrations between two canopy positions (upper outer and lower outer canopy) sampled, between summer and winter, and between the two sites. This highlights that foliar nutrient concentrations are influenced by sampling and environment. Significant genetic variations in foliar nutrient concentrations were detected between the clones, between the female parents, and between the male parents of the clones in both sampling seasons at both sites. Depending on the nutrient concerned, canopy position, season, and site sampled, the clones accounted for 4.7–33.9% of the total variation in foliar nutrient concentrations, the clone female parents for 0–25.1% and the clone male parents for 0–28.6%. The site-by-clone interactions were statistically significant for foliar N, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and mineral concentrations at the upper outer canopy in summer, and for foliar N concentration in winter. There were significant, positive correlations between clone means of foliar δ¹³C and N concentration at the upper outer canopy in summer for the wet site, while clone foliar δ¹³C was also positively related to clone foliar N concentration at both canopy positions in summer for the dry site. This suggests that clone WUE as reflected in foliar δ¹³C may be improved by selecting elite clones with higher foliar N concentration and increased photosynthesis, leading to enhanced tree growth when both water and N are the major growth-limiting factors. This is supported by the positive correlation detected between clone tree height and foliar N concentration at the upper outer canopy for both sites. Thus, foliar nutrient (particularly N) concentration, together with foliar δ¹³C, may be useful for assisting in selection of exotic pine clones with improved NUE and WUE, and enhanced tree growth under the nutrient- and water-limiting environments.     

施工企业临时性电源接地方式的选择

针对建筑工地临时用电的临时性、移动性和复杂性,提出施工中临时用电接地方案的选择.     

Agroforestry in the interior highlands

The USDA Agricultural Research Service, headquartered at the South Central Family Farm Research Center, Booneville, Arkansas, recently initiated an agroforestry research program for the interior highlands and the southeastern United States. The purpose of the agroforestry program is to develop a research and technology transfer program in agroforestry that will provide additional alternative income opportunities for family farms of this region. The objectives of the program are: 1) to develop new information on the establishment, maintenance, and utilization of conifer and hardwood tree stands in open pastures, 2) to develop new knowledge in multiple-use management and their environmental impacts, and 3) to facilitate multidisciplinary networks and partnerships of farmers, technical specialists, scientists, and managers for accomplishing agroforestry research and technology transfer.     

鹅掌楸种源遗传变异和选择评价

在中国鹅掌楸全分布区内抽样15个种源，于长江中下游5省区按统一试验设计营造种源试验林，7年生时全面测定其树高（H）、胸径（DBH）、冠幅（RC）等主要生长性状，进行遗传6变异分析，结果表明：中国鹅掌楸生长性状在种源间存在显著的遗传差异，地点间差异极显著，种源对环境反映灵敏，种源与地点间存在明显的交互作用，H、DBH和材积（V）的广义遗传力分别为0.503、0.526、0.521，受较强的遗传控制；RC受遗传控制程度相对较低（H^2=0.301)。相继进行了遗传稳定性、生长适应性分析和幼成龄相关分析，分析结果为种源选择和评价提供了理论依据，多点综合选择选出黎平、伤痛永两个优良种源，遗传增益11.8%。单点选择分别选出1-3个丰产种源，遗传增益达15.4%-51.5%。     

国内主要针叶树种优树选择技术研究进展

总结了近10 a来国内主要针叶树种优树选择技术研究现状,当前国内优树选择主要应用了优势木对比法、生长量绝对值法和小样地法,对数量指标主要选择的是与材积量相关的因子,如树高年增长量和胸径年增长量。在此基础上对优树选择技术的发展进行了探讨并提出新的观点:①系统调查地理变异,兼顾遗传因素和环境因素,使选择指标定量化,用数理统计的方法进行选择;②对多用途树种应根据不同的育种目标分指标评价和选择,必要时也可再进行综合性选择多用途目标的优树。