双歧杆菌的生物学作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用

主要结合国内外近年来的相关研究,对双歧杆菌的生物学特性、功效及其在畜牧生产中的应用现状进行了介绍,从而为其在畜牧生产中的进一步应用提供理论依据及参考。     

基于名师工作室的高职畜牧兽医专业教学改革与实践

本文以职业教育省级名师工作室建设为背景,围绕畜牧兽医专业人才培养模式、教师教学团队、优质课程资源、就业创业意识及社会服务等方面开展研究与实践探索,以期为工作室建设提供优化路径及理论依据。     

磷酸二酯酶在猪卵巢的表达与相关中药对其活性的影响

为了测定猪卵巢组织磷酸二酯酶（PDE）同工酶基因表达类型与活性规律，研究相关中药的作用机理，为繁殖障碍性疾病治疗积累资料。作者提取中国实验用小型猪卵巢组织总RNA，应用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测定PDE同工酶在其中的表达。选取催情散等复方及单味药，运用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）根据作用前后cAMP/cGMP含量的变化，分析对PDE活性的影响。结果检测的18个PDE亚型中除PDE4C外，PDE 1A、1B、1C、2A、3A、3B、4A、4B、4D、5A、7A、7B、8A、8B、9A、10A、11A mRNA在卵巢组织中均有表达。卵巢组织PDE活性较强，其中cGMP-PDE活性大于cAMP-PDE活性。催情散对卵巢组织cGMP-PDE活性均有较强的抑制作用，其中单味药淫阳藿作用最强。研究结果表明卵巢组织含有丰富的PDE同工酶，在通过环核苷酸水平卵巢机能调节中发挥着重要作用，中药催情散的作用与显著抑制cGMP-PDE活性有关。     

The use of epidemiology to enhance production animal research

The approach to understanding the impact of management and disease in production animal systems has evolved with the advent of both routine on-farm data collection and new analytic epidemiology techniques. Epidemiology provides a tool to describe the host-agent-environment triad and the impact of multiple variables on productivity and health recognized by production animal veterinarians in their day-to-day work. Field trials enable veterinarians to systematically test whether or not a new treatment improves the health of the animal populations in their geographic region and under their production systems. Hypothesis-specific coding techniques, such as hierarchical variables, are used in a systematic manner to understand well-defined biological phenomenon. Clustering at multiple levels has provided the challenges of measuring management changes in each level. Using random effects models allow us to determine the relative importance of each level on the dependent variable. As epidemiologists, we have taken advantage of analytic techniques used in other fields of science. Geo-spatial statistics has been used to understand the clustering and spread of diseases and more recently, to interpret the laboratory findings related to the introduction of an exotic strain of the influenza virus. Dr. Martin, through his work as a veterinary epidemiologist and that of people he has influenced, has been an international leader in promoting the optimal health and productivity of animal populations and of ensuring the safety of foods of animal origin and preventing animal-related disease in humans.     

嗜热毛壳菌纤维素酶对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响

本试验研究不同水平嗜热毛壳菌纤维素酶对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响。试验动物为4只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年小尾寒羊公羊(平均体重为45 kg),采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,在基础日粮中分别添加0％、0．3％、0．6％和0．9％4个水平酶制剂,采集瘤胃液测pH值、氨氮浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。试验结果表明:各组试羊瘤胃液平均氨氮浓度的变化范围为10．01-12．80 mg/dL,各组之间相同时间点差异不显著(P>0．05)。瘤胃液平均pH值在6．50-6．80范围内变动,试验组pH值低于对照组(P<0．05),以0．6％水平较好。各组试羊瘤胃乙酸、丙酸及总 VFA浓度的变化规律基本相同,即喂料后逐渐上升,其中乙酸和总VFA浓度在2 h后达到最高点,丙酸浓度在4 h 达到最高点,随后平稳下降于饲喂前降至最低点,再次采食后又重复出现此规律。试验组瘤胃乙酸和总VFA浓度显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0．05或P<0．01),以0．6％水平组最高。     

Veterinary cancer registries in companion animal cancer: a review

Current and prior veterinary cancer registries are few in number and scattered. Different inclusion criteria, dissimilar collection methods and variable reference population estimation methods pose obstacles in the comparisons between veterinary and human cancer registries. Veterinary cancer registries have yielded information on the risk and incidence of different cancer types in certain breeds and geographical regions, as well as provided information on genetic and environmental risk factors in some cancers. The objective of this article is to review the prior and current veterinary cancer registries, the information they have contributed and to discuss different issues relating to their structure including inclusion criteria, study populations, reference populations utilized in evaluations, recorded variables and the outcome from these.     

新农业综合执法指导下我国动物卫生监督工作对策

动物产品作为日常饮食结构的重要组成内容,直接关乎人民健康和社会安定,因此动物卫生监督工作责任重大。动物卫生监督作为农业综合执法的一项基本工作内容,在执法改革过程中仍有许多问题制约着动物卫生监督工作的有效开展。该文从执法力量、职责划分、兽医数量、专业水平、执法环境和市场监管6个方面分析动物卫生监督工作中的不足,并提出对策。     

畜牧养殖中动物疾病病因及防控

畜牧养殖是山东省无棣县车王镇的重点产业,近年发展速度较快,显著促进了地区居民的增收致富。在畜牧养殖过程中,动物疾病防控是关键管理环节。为提升动物疾病防控成效,需深入分析动物疾病的出现原因,采取针对性的解决对策,最大程度控制动物疾病的发生与影响。