菲律宾蛤仔对镉、铜暴露的蓄积作用及其抗氧化酶系统的响应研究

研究了镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）2种重金属单一暴露下菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）肝胰腺和鳃组织内的重金属富集特征和抗氧化酶活力变化特点。结果表明,蛤仔肝胰腺与鳃对Cd、Cu的富集量随重金属浓度与暴靠时间的增加而增火,具有明显的浓度效应与时间效应;菲律宾蛤仔对Cd的富集能力高于Cu,H．肝胰腺中审盖属的蓄积量高于鳃;蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱廿肽过氧化物酶（（;Px）和谷胱竹肽硫转移酶（CST）活力在暴露的某些时段被显著诱导（P〈0．05）,似随暴露时问延长或重金属浓度增加,SODf11GST活力则被显著抑制（P〈O．05）,而CPx活力随暴露时问延K逐渐恢复至对照组水平、菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃2种组织中SOD和GST的活性变化可作为海洋Cu^2＋Cd^2＋钙染的牛物标志物．     

荔枝的功能及活性成分研究现状

自古以来,中国就有荔枝各组织保健医疗功能的记载。现代医学、营养学、植物化学和药理学为荔枝的医疗和保健功能提供了坚实的证据,其功能活性成分正不断被揭示。对荔枝果肉抗氧化、"上火"和致敏原,果皮抗氧化和抗癌功效,核抗癌、抗病毒、降血糖、调血脂等功能和相关成分研究现状进行了介绍。     

Biological and socioeconomic implications of recreational boat fishing for the management of fishery resources in the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)

A survey of coastal recreational boat fishing was conducted in summer 2006 in the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean) to assess the biological and socioeconomic implications of this leisure activity. Recreational boat fishers employ four different fishing techniques: bottom fishing rod, fluixa, trolling and surface fishing rod. Although the targeted species depend on the fishing method used, a total of 33 fish species were identified in the catch (8 were pelagic or benthopelagic and the rest were demersal). Fishing effort was high since fishers fished an average of 4 h/day, 8 days/month and nearly 6 months/year. Apart from the highly varied exploitation of the fauna, recreational fishing in Cap de Creus has a large economic effect on the local economy since the majority of fishers were visitors who were spending holidays in one of the villages belonging to the Park, where most of expenditures related to angling activities were made. Overall, results highlight the pressure that recreational boat fishing exerts on fish communities, particularly on littoral, demersal ones. Considering these biological and socioeconomic implications, the competition between recreational and artisanal fishers for littoral resources and the low level of compliance with the current sport fishing regulations, the implementation of a comprehensive management strategy in Mediterranean costal areas is needed.     

豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性测定方法研究

利用紫外分光光度计，对豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂在抑制牛胰蛋白酶活性反应前后的吸光值差异制作差值曲线，从而得出斜率与抑制剂活性之间关系的方法。并通过反复的实验对比，最终可以快速准确地测定大豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性。     

水稻灌浆过程中籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性与蒸煮食味品质

选用稻米蒸煮食味品质有显著差异的4个粳稻品种,对水稻籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉合成关键酶的活性变化及其与蒸煮食味品质关系进行了研究。 不同品质类型的品种间籽粒直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量在灌浆前、中后期表现出差异,这种差异主要表现在灌浆不同时期淀粉积累速率上。籽粒灌浆过程中,不同品质类型的品种中ADPG焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合成酶活性出现峰值的时间无差异,但淀粉分支酶活性出现峰值的时间,劣质品种明显早于优质品种,而且优质品种灌浆中、后期仍然保持较高水平的酶活性。ADPG焦磷酸化酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶、淀粉分支酶的活性与直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、味度值、RVA谱特性间的相关性和程度因灌浆时期不同而发生变化。在整个灌浆过程中,可溶性淀粉合成酶活性与味度值间的相关均不显著,但灌浆前期和中、后期的ADPG焦磷酸化酶和淀粉分支酶的活性与味度值间呈显著或极显著相关。选择灌浆前期酶活性低或灌浆后期酶活性高的材料,将有利于提高稻米蒸煮食味品质。     

广东陈香茶后发酵过程中主要微生物种群和酶类活性变化的研究

以岭头单丛茶树品种晒青毛茶为材料进行后发酵加工陈香茶,重点跟踪研究后发酵过程不同阶段的微生物种群、主要生化成分及主导酶类的变化并进行鉴定和分析。结果表明,在陈香茶后发酵过程中,微生物以产黄青霉和黑曲霉为主。茶多酚、茶黄素、茶红素、游离氨基酸等茶叶品质成分含量均呈下降趋势,而茶褐素逐步增加;果胶酶、纤维素酶等促进茶叶品质形成的酶类在后发酵一翻（4 d）时活力到达最高峰,多酚氧化酶在整个过程中活性较低。     

超高产水稻开花结实期间叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的关系

 对超高产水稻培矮64S/9311和协优9308从抽穗到籽粒成熟过程中剑叶中H2O2 、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、组织自动氧化速率、脂氧合酶（LOX）及保护酶超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASP）的动态变化过程进行了测定。结果表明，协优9308的剑叶衰老较慢。2个材料的剑叶叶片衰老可能原因是叶片内SOD、CAT、ASP活性过早下降，LOX活性增加，进而导致膜脂过氧化，使活性氧代谢失调，引起叶绿素和蛋白质降解，培矮64S/9311的各项生理指标比协优9308早衰老，而且乳熟期是培矮64S/9311早衰的关键时期。     

盐度胁迫对高体革鯻幼鱼消化酶活力的影响

研究了盐度对高体革（Scortum barcoo）幼鱼消化酶活力的影响。在温度25±2℃下,将平均体质量为2.50±0.23 g的高体革幼鱼分别饲养在盐度0,5,8,11,13和16条件下20 d,检测幼鱼胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的差异。结果表明：盐度胁迫对高体革幼鱼胃蛋白酶活力有显著影响（P〈0.05）,对脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力有极显著影响（P〈0.01）。随着盐度的升高,胃蛋白酶活力先升后降,当盐度升高到13时又急剧升高;脂肪酶的活力则是随盐度的升高而受到抑制,当盐度升高到13时也急剧升高,盐度16时最高;而淀粉酶活力变化则是盐度升高时显著降低。这说明环境盐度对高体革消化酶比活力的影响比较大,不同消化酶随盐度变化规律有所差异。     

Microbial remediation of a pentachloronitrobenzene-contaminated soil under Panax notoginseng: A field experiment

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide that is mainly used in the prevention and control of diseases in crop seedlings. Microbial removal is used as a promising method for in-situ removal of many organic pesticides and pesticide residues. A short-term field experiment (1 year) was conducted to explore the potential role of a PCNB-degrading bacterial isolate, Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85, in the remediation of a PCNB-contaminated soil on which Panax notoginseng was grown. The following three treatments were used:i) control soil amended with wheat bran but without YNS-85, ii) soil with 0.15 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (A), and iii) soil with 0.30 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (B). The removal of soil PCNB during the microbial remediation was monitored using gas chromatography. Soil catalase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) esterase activities were determined using spectrophotometry. In addition, cultivable bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were counted by plating serial dilutions, and the microbial biodiversity of the soil was analyzed using BIOLOG. After 1 year of in-situ remediation, the soil PCNB concentrations decreased significantly by 50.3% and 74.2% in treatments A and B, respectively, when compared with the uninoculated control. The soil catalase activity decreased in the presence of the bacterial isolate, the FDA esterase activity decreased in treatment A, but increased in treatment B. No significant changes in plant biomass, diversity of the soil microbial community, or physicochemical properties of the soil were observed between the control and inoculated groups (P<0.05). The results indicate that Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85 is a potential candidate for the remediation of PCNB-contaminated soils under P. notoginseng.     

长期施氮肥对黄棕壤微生物生物性状的影响及其调控因素

基于黄棕壤小麦-甘薯轮作的长期定位试验,探究不同施氮处理土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量和酶活性的变化及其潜在调控因子,为科学施氮提高土壤质量和改善土壤生态功能提供依据。试验选取始于2011年4个施氮处理:不施肥(CK)、不施氮肥(PK)、施化学氮肥(NPK)和化学氮肥配施有机肥(NPKM),调查两季作物收获后土壤MBC和MBN含量、酶活性及微生物碳氮利用效率的变化,并通过冗余分析(RDA)和结构方程模型(SEM)明确调控弱酸性黄棕壤中MBC和MBN变化的潜在因素。小麦和甘薯两季的结果表明:施氮肥降低了土壤MBC、MBN含量和蔗糖酶(SSC)、脲酶(SUE)活性,与NPK处理相比, NPKM处理增加了MBC、MBN含量和SSC、SUE活性。长期施用氮肥提高了土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤养分[全氮(TN)和矿质态氮(MN)]含量,但施氮肥显著降低土壤p H以及微生物的碳氮利用效率。与小麦季相比,甘薯季土壤SOC和MN含量有所下降,而MBN含量和SSC活性有所升高。RDA和SEM结果表明,氮肥的施用强化了MBC与MBN、SSC与MBC以及SUE与MBC之间的关联性;不同施氮处理下土壤p H、有机碳、氮含量以及微生物的碳氮利用效率的变化直接或间接地影响土壤MBC、MBN含量和SSC、SUE活性,其中p H是调控土壤MBC变化的直接因素,而土壤SSC和SUE活性与MBC、MBN含量相互影响。长期施用氮肥降低了黄棕壤MBC、MBN含量和酶活性,化学氮肥配施有机肥有利于缓解生物性状的下降,土壤p H是影响MBC变化的主要因素,小麦-甘薯轮作中土壤微生物强烈的碳代谢过程利于增加MBN。