Fortification of Bread Wheat Using Synthesized Zn-Glycine and Zn-Alanine Chelates in Comparison with ZnSO4 in a Calcareous Soil

ABSTRACT

Calcareous soils typically suffer from zinc deficiency and zinc sulfate is incorporated in many cultivated soils. Utilization of ZnSO₄ has some kinds of interaction with soil particles and organic matter. In this study, the efficacy of two znic(Zn)-amino acid chelates (Zn-ACs) i.e., Zn-alanine (Zn-Ala) and Zn-glycine (Zn-Gly) on wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. N91-8) growth characteristics and zinc concentration in wheat was examined under greenhouse conditions and compared to the a commercial ZnSO₄. Results showed that Zn-Ala and Zn-Gly significantly increased the dry weight and shoot length of wheat in comparison to ZnSO₄ treatment. Soil application of Zn-Amino acid chelates proved to be the most influential source of zinc in increasing wheat growth and yield indices. Number of fertile spikelet and grain yield increased significantly respectively compared to ZnSO₄ treatment. Zn concentration and protein content of wheat grain in Zn-ACs treatment was significantly higher than the ZnSO₄ treatment. Soil application of Zn-ACs caused a significant decrease in the grain phytic acid (PA) concentration and also phytic acid to zinc molar ratio in comparison with ZnSO₄ treatment. According to the results, Zn-ACs could be utilized as a zinc fertilizer source for improving the zinc bioavailability in wheat.     

塔里木河中游胡杨(Populus euphraticu)“肥岛”的养分特征研究

利用传统统计学和地统计学方法,对塔里木河中游胡杨"肥岛"的养分特征进行了研究.结果表明:胡杨周围的土壤养分向冠幅内聚集,具有较强的富积强度,形成了明显的"肥岛"特征.大胡杨冠幅下4种养分(有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾)分别比冠幅外高64.94%,72.87%,61.70%和185.20%;中胡杨为5.36%,5.39%,47.02%和93.43%;小胡杨为27.96%,10.20%,67.48%和218.59%;但不同发育阶段土壤养分的富积率具有一定的差异,有机质表现为极显著,碱解氮和速效钾表现为显著,而有效磷没有显著差异.单株胡杨土壤养分变异系数属中等强度,半方差函数模型除碱解氮为高斯模型外,其他为球状模型, 块金值/基台值[C0/(C C0)]的比值均在25%附近,表明空间相关性强烈,整体看来土壤养分的变异性主要由结构性因素引起的.胡杨养分的"肥岛"作用范围(7.5～11.1 m)大于冠幅半径(5 m);通过克里格插值图分析,胡杨立地土壤养分表现出不同程度的"肥岛"效应.     

富硒双歧杆菌南瓜菌粉的研制

为研制成本低且具有合生元效果的富硒双歧杆菌制剂,以南瓜为主要原料,通过响应面法优化最佳培养基配方,考察多种双歧杆菌在最优培养基中的生长情况及富硒能力。研究结果表明,当培养基组成为：南瓜汁浓度16.09%、大豆蛋白胨3.24%、半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.28‰时,动物双歧杆菌01的活菌数可以达到9.37±008 lgCFU/mL,高于在MRS、GMRS、PYG和TPY培养该菌所得的活菌数量。在上述优化南瓜汁培养基中培养,动物双歧杆菌01、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、假小链双歧杆菌和动物双歧杆菌BB12的有机硒含量可以达到(13.20±0.39)~(78.11±0.42) μg/g菌体,有机硒转化率为1.76%~6.41%。培养获得的双歧杆菌以南瓜汁和脱脂乳为保护剂,冻干存活率可以达到70.8%±0.5%。研究证明了南瓜果肉作为双歧杆菌增殖和保护基质的潜质,并为富硒双歧杆菌南瓜粉制剂的研制提供了理论依据。     

A Comparison of the Effects of Two Prey Enrichment Media on Growth and Survival of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis,Larvae

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, survival, and standardized cohort biomass of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, larvae fed nutritionally enhanced prey during the first week of feeding using two commonly used, commercially available enrichment media, AlgaMac Enrich and Marine Glos. T. orientalis larvae exhibited exponential growth in standard length and dry weight. The daily specific growth rates in length and weight are the first reported for T. orientalis larvae and the averages ranged from 3.8 to 4.1% and 27.5%, respectively, for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 4.1 to 6.1% and 31.5%, respectively, in the Marine Glos treatment. Average daily growth rates in length ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mm/d for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 0.17 to 0.27 mm/d for those in the Marine Glos treatment. Daily growth rates in length were similar to those reported for other tuna larvae reared in the laboratory but slower than most published estimates for larval tunas in situ at similar water temperatures. Mean prey number per gut was positively associated with mean prey level in the tank. Both enrichment media appear to be good sources of nutritional improvement of planktonic prey for T. orientalis larvae.     

雨强对华北土石山区坡面侵蚀及其颗粒富集过程的影响

为研究雨强对华北土石山区坡面侵蚀过程和泥沙颗粒分布规律的影响,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,以华北土石山区2种典型土壤为研究对象,在4种雨强(30,60,90,120mm/h)条件下,分析了径流的变化过程和侵蚀泥沙的颗粒组成及其颗粒富集率的变化规律。结果表明:(1)随着雨强从30mm/h增大至120mm/h,黄土性褐土和石灰性褐土的产流时间均逐渐减小,分别缩短了79%和85%;(2)在60,90,120mm/h雨强条件下,黄土性褐土的径流强度和泥沙浓度均随降雨时间先减小后增大,而后趋于稳定状态,石灰性褐土仅在120mm/h雨强条件下出现相似规律;(3)当雨强从30mm/h增大至120mm/h,黄土性褐土泥沙流失朝粗颗粒化发展,侵蚀泥沙的砂粒和粗粉粒含量分别增加了86%和21%,而石灰性褐土的变化不明显;(4)在降雨初始阶段,粒径较小的黏粒和细粉粒明显富集,而粒径较大的粗粉粒和砂粒不易流失,但随着降雨历时的延长,不同粒径泥沙颗粒的富集率趋于1,这种现象在大雨强下表现得尤为明显。     

基于高光谱联合流化床富集的红葡萄酒白藜芦醇检测

利用高光谱成像技术联合流化床富集技术对红葡萄酒中微量成分白藜芦醇的含量进行快速检测。通过高效液相色谱法检测红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的含量,设计流化床富集装置,研究HPD826、DA-201、AB-8、H103、HPD600共5种树脂对红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的富集效果,筛选出H103树脂富集效果最优。将H103大孔吸附树脂用于富集红葡萄酒中的白藜芦醇。获取吸附白藜芦醇后树脂的高光谱反射图像(900~1 700 nm),对比5种光谱预处理方法(MSC、SNV、SG-S、RN、QN)对白藜芦醇含量的建模效果,优选出RN预处理方法;建立PLSR、SVMR(LK-SVMR、PKSVMR、RBF-SVMR和S-SVMR)、PCR的6种回归模型,优选出LK-SVMR校正模型和PLSR校正模型,将其用于预测集样本进一步评价模型的精度和稳定性,最终确定PLSR模型为最佳模型。研究表明,基于RN-PLSR的红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的定量预测模型相关系数R_P=0.852 8,预测集均方根误差为0.036 0,R_C=0.878 3,校正集均方根误差为0.033 0,预测效果最佳,为高光谱技术在微量、痕量成分检测方面的应用提供了参考。     

An enrichment microsphere immunoassay for the detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium atrosepticum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dickeya dianthicola</Emphasis> in potato tuber extracts

An enrichment microsphere immunoassay (MIA) was developed, based on the Luminex xMAP® technology, for the simultaneous (duplex) detection of Pectobacterium atrosepticum (former name Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) (Pca) and Dickeya dianthicola (former name Erwinia chrysanthemi) (Dcd) in potato plant extracts. Target bacteria in the extracts were enriched for 48 h in a semi-selective broth containing polypectate under low oxygen conditions. Samples were subsequently incubated with antibody-coated colour-coded microspheres (beads) and with secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 532, a reporter dye. Samples were analyzed with the Luminex analyzer, in which one laser identified each microsphere and another laser the reporter dye conjugated to the secondary antibodies. The assay required minimal sample preparation, could be completed in 1 h, was performed in 96 wells microtitreplates and required no wash steps. The limit of detection for the duplex enrichment MIA was 100–1000 cfu ml^?1, which was a hundred times lower than of an enrichment-ELISA. Without enrichment, the sensitivity of MIA and ELISA was largely similar and ranged between 10⁶ and 10⁷ cells ml^?1. No difference in sensitivity was found between a MIA in a single or duplex format. In a comparative test with non-infected potato plant extracts and extracts from plants infected with Pca or Dcd, results of the enrichment MIA correlated well with those of the enrichment ELISA and enrichment PCR. These results indicate that MIA can be reliably used for multiplex detection of soft rot Enterbacteriaceae in crude potato plant extracts. The technology is an attractive and cost-effective alternative to other detection methods, including ELISA.     

二氧化碳浓度升高对茶树生理代谢的影响及应对技术

大气中的二氧化碳(CO2)浓度升高是工业革命以来全球范围内最重要的生态变化之一,将直接影响植物的生长发育和代谢过程。尽管CO2浓度升高对粮食作物的影响已经得到了广泛的研究,但其对茶树等重要经济作物的影响却很少受到关注。本文回顾和总结了CO2浓度升高对茶树的初级代谢(包括光合作用、呼吸作用和碳氮代谢)和次级代谢的影响,并探讨了CO2浓度升高环境下茶叶生产过程中的应对技术,旨在为CO2浓度升高背景下茶树优质高产栽培提供一定的理论基础和科学依据。     

CO_2浓度增加对C_3、C_4作物生理特性影响的实验研究

通过对 C3小麦、大豆、大白菜和 C4 玉米在不同 CO2 浓度 ( 350× 10 -5、 50 0× 10 -6、 60 0×10 -6、 70 0× 10 -6)条件下的生长模拟实验和生理特性研究表明 ,CO2 浓度增加 ,促使作物光合速率增长 ,光合时间略有延长 ,光补偿点明显下降 ,蒸腾系数减小 ,叶气温差增大 ,叶温升高。 70 0× 10 -6和50 0× 10 -6比 350× 10 -6小麦光合速率分别增长 30 .7%和 11.7% ,大豆增长 63.4 %和 4 2 .7% ,大白菜增长 68.0 %和 39.0 % ,玉米增长 15.7%和 4 .7% ,C3作物比 C4 反应明显 ;蒸腾系数小麦下降 14.3%和 7.7% ,大白菜下降 2 7.1%和 2 3.1% ,玉米下降 16.8%和 10 .4 %