两种生境下狗牙根叶表皮亚显微结构的比较

通过对生长在田园土和植被砼2种生境下的5个品种狗牙根及野生狗牙根叶表皮微形态进行扫描电镜观察,比较了在不同生境下狗牙根叶表皮上气孔形状、大小、密度和表皮毛、乳突等附属物。结果表明,供试的5个狗牙根品种及野生狗牙根对植被砼环境作出了积极的响应与适应,上下表皮乳突明显较田园土的增多,并且有些狗牙根品种叶表皮的气孔器周围乳突有规律的排列,使气孔器凹陷在其周边的细胞里面,使气体扩散阻力增大,有利于降低蒸腾,增加植物对水分的利用效率。与田园土上生长狗牙根相比,植被砼上狗牙根上、下表皮气孔密度显著增高的有喀什狗牙根、Sahara、Heaven、Hawk。就植被砼上不同狗牙根气孔特征来说,气孔密度较其他品种显著多的品种有喀什狗牙根、Sahara。在供试的5个狗牙根品种及野生狗牙根中,根据表皮毛及其他附属物的形态特征,气孔参数的特征等综合考虑,认为Sahara、Hawk、喀什狗牙根等对植被砼生境有很好的适应性。     

东北豆科山羊豆族4属植物叶形态特征及数量分类学研究

本研究采用GMA切片、扫描电镜及叶片透明法,深入研究了东北豆科山羊豆族4属25种植物叶的形态结构。选取与叶相关的23个形态性状,参考8个非叶的特征,进行了聚类分析与主成分分析。结果表明,相似系数在0.58处时,4属植物被分为3组,黄耆属与米口袋属为一组,棘豆属和甘草属各自为一组。小叶是否具腺体、叶柄横切面形状及叶柄细胞是否具单宁等特征具有较高的绝对权重值,可以作为区分刺果甘草与甘草和其他山羊豆族植物的依据。托叶质地、托叶与叶柄联合程度及小叶叶缘是否反卷等特征可作为棘豆属的识别特征。托叶形状在属下种间具一定的分类学价值。本研究为山羊豆族植物分类学及豆科植物系统学研究提供了叶形态学依据。     

结缕草与草地早熟禾的弹性与耐磨性对比研究

重压与摩擦试验表明，结缕草的弹性和耐磨性明显高于早熟禾，与早熟禾相比，结缕草抗践踏、弹性好的解剖学机理是：结缕草叶片的角度层发达，维管束丰富，叶内组织排列紧密，机械组织发达，结缕草叶鞘的角质层发达，叶肉厚而结构紧实。     

An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats

Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, F_IS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, F_IT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.     

黄河源区"黑土滩"退化草地群落类型多样性及其群落结构研究

调查了黄河源区高寒草甸极度退化产物“黑土滩”植被群落类型多样性及其群落结构特征。结果表明,分布在黄河源区高寒草甸上的“黑土滩”草地植被可分为7个类型,分别为:黄帚橐吾 铁棒棰群落、白苞筋骨草群落、铁棒棰群落、西伯利亚蓼 鹅绒委陵菜群落、摩苓草群落、甘青微孔草群落和甘肃马先蒿群落。从群落结构和已有的研究结果看,黄河源区所有类型的“黑土滩”草地都完全失去了牧用价值,短期内自然恢复的物质基础也已丧失,该类草地的恢复治理必须通过人工植被的重建来实现。     

草地生态系统碳循环研究进展

随着全球气候变化和陆地生态系统碳循环研究的发展,碳循环正成为草地生态系统研究的热点.本文在介绍其研究发展过程、主体内容和方向的同时,对目前的研究动态和研究方法进行系统的概述,重点分析了目前国内外草地生态系统碳循环过程研究、机制研究、研究方法及模型的发展动态,并对今后草地生态系统碳循环和相关研究提出了建议.     

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities

Exergy, the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium, is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes. These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices. In this study, we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme (before versus after; control versus impact) in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island, China, an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures. Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities. The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community. Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients: (a) taken for taxa groups; (b) estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups; and (c) estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species, providing a basis for inferring similarities. We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance. Subsequently, the reference exergy of the benthic community increased (i.e. in the surrounding control area) in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system's development. Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results. Based on this, we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy. This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems. Moreover, the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities. We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.     

试论草畜业在甘肃农业经济结构调整中的重要地位

通过分析近年来草畜业在甘肃省农业经济结构调整中的特点,认为草畜业已成为农业经济中最具活力的一个新型产业,是农业经济结构调整的重要突破口.同时,提出了大力发展草畜业的对策和建议.     

关中地区几种苜蓿地上生物量初步研究

对5个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种的地上生物量形成规律进行了初步研究.结果表明:苜蓿生物量的增长速率不仅与本身生理特性有关,而且与环境密切相关;株高在分枝末期现蕾初期增长速度快.绝对生长速率与相对生长速率在分枝末期现蕾期都较大,此时的水分管理具有重要意义;不同苜蓿品种的群落结构大多为菱形;同化系统与非同化系统的比值随高度的增加而减少.     

茶园生态系统服务功能

茶园生态系统是农业生态系统的组成之一，茶树及其间作植物与环境既有矛盾的一面，又有统一的一面，两者构成一个有机的整体。生物体必须与它的环境条件相适应才能生存和发展这一基本原理，无论自然生态系统或茶园生态系统都是一致的。人们认识到，茶园生态系统不仅向人类提供茶叶、其他的一些副产品，如水果、蔬菜、药材和家禽、家畜等，更重要的是它也维持了地球生命支持系统，即涵养水源、改良土壤、防止水土流失、减轻自然灾害、调节气候、净化环境、孕育和保存生物多样性等功能，以及具有观赏园林价值、展示传统文化、旅游休憩等社会功能。文中论述了茶园的生态服务功能、经济服务功能、社会服务功能。