Assessing the effects of line capture and barotrauma relief procedures on post-release survival of key tropical reef fish species in Australia using recreational tagging clubs

Abstract  Common coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus Lacepède, crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, saddletail snapper, Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider), red emperor, Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier), redthroat emperor, Lethrinus miniatus (Schneider) and grass emperor, Lethrinus laticaudis Alleyne & Macleay, were tagged to determine the effects of barotrauma relief procedures (weighted shot-line release and venting using a hollow needle) and other factors on survival. Release condition was the most significant factor affecting the subsequent recapture rate of all species. Capture depth was significant in all species apart from L. malabaricus and L. miniatus , the general trend being reduced recapture probability with increasing capture depth. Recapture rates of fish hooked in either the lip or mouth were generally significantly higher than for those hooked in the throat or gut. Statistically significant benefit from treating fish for barotrauma was found in only L. malabaricus , but the lack of any negative effects of treating fish indicated that the practices of venting and shot-lining should not be discouraged by fisheries managers for these species.     

黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及群落结构分析

2011年6月3日～6月21日和8月2日～8月20日,调查了黄河干流山西段鱼类组成的现状及群落结构特征。结果表明,全段共采集鱼类42种,隶属5目9科,其中以鲤科鱼类最多,共24种,占总种数的57％。渔获物数据表明,该流域小型鱼类较多,小型化现象明显,优势种为鲤、残、鲶、鲫,和麦穗鱼。物种组成差异和多样性分析结果表明,不同河段鱼类群落有明显的空间分异,风陵渡、刘家畔、关河口、圣天湖物种丰富,多样性水平高,群落结构稳定,而军渡和老牛湾物种少,群落较为简单。与历史资料相比,黄河干流山西段鱼类物种数减少,群落结构发生了较大变化。水体污染、大量水工建筑以及过度捕捞等因素是导致变化的主要原因。     

To pool or not to pool? Guidelines for pooling samples for use in surveillance testing of infectious diseases in aquatic animals

Samples from multiple animals may be pooled and tested to reduce costs of surveillance for infectious agents in aquatic animal populations. The primary advantage of pooling is increased population‐level coverage when prevalence is low (<10%) and the number of tests is fixed, because of increased likelihood of including target analyte from at least one infected animal in a tested pool. Important questions and a priori design considerations need to be addressed. Unfortunately, pooling recommendations in disease‐specific chapters of the 2018 OIE Aquatic Manual are incomplete and, except for amphibian chytrid fungus, are not supported by peer‐reviewed research. A systematic review identified only 12 peer‐reviewed aquatic diagnostic accuracy and surveillance studies using pooled samples. No clear patterns for pooling methods and characteristics were evident across reviewed studies, although most authors agreed there is a negative effect on detection. Therefore, our purpose was to review pooling procedures used in published aquatic infectious disease research, present evidence‐based guidelines, and provide simulated data examples for white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. A decision tree of pooling guidelines was developed for use by peer‐reviewed journals and research institutions for the design, statistical analysis and reporting of comparative accuracy studies of individual and pooled tests for surveillance purposes.     

分水江水库鱼类群落结构多样性研究

2008年11月至2009年10月对分水江水库鱼类资源进行了调查,共调查8船次,统计渔获物142.48kg,测量鱼类标本1304尾,经鉴定共发现鱼类36种,隶属5目、8科、31属;其中,鲤形目26种,占总数的72.2%;鲈形目和鲶形目各4种,分别占总数的11.1%;鳗鲡目和合鳃目各1种,分别占总数的2.8%。群落优势度分析发现,优势种有5种,优势度变化范围0.38～0.61。多样性指数分析表明,鱼类种群丰富度指数（D）值为1.14～5.42,Shannon-Wiener多样度指数（H＇）为0.69～2.60,种类均匀度指数（J＇）为0.31～1.21。鱼类群落的季节差异性较高,种类变化波动以夏季最大。     

鱼类免疫球蛋白的研究进展

免疫球蛋白在(Immunoglobulin)B淋巴细胞中合成,高特异性和高亲和性.动物的免疫系统在种系进化过程中逐步发展起来,环节动物蚯蚓(Pheretima)只有吞噬细胞的吞噬防御,硬骨鱼类和软骨鱼类以上才出现Ig(IgM)和细胞免疫,两栖类时开始出现IgG,哺乳动物(如兔)出现了IgM、IgG和IgA,至人类则有IgM、IgG、IgA、IgD和IgE五种不同的Ig.     

Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. in ornamental fish in Italy

The occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. in freshwater and marine ornamental fish was studied in Italy from June 2002 to May 2005. Two surveys were carried out, one of aquarium fish sent to the Laboratory for diagnosis, and the other of prevalence of infection by mycobacteria in ornamental fish imported into Italy. Bacterial isolation was carried out from the spleen, kidney and liver, and the isolates were subsequently identified by biochemical tests. In the first survey, 387 fish were examined and Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from 181 (46.8%) fish. In the second survey 127 batches of ornamental fish from different countries were examined. Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from 38 (29.9%) batches. The following species were found: M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. marinum, M. gordonae, M. nonchromogenicum and M. interjectum. There was a high prevalence of infection independent of the presence of macroscopic lesions. Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. chelonae were more prevalent than M. marinum in the samples examined.     

海蜇人工育苗关键技术

在200m^3水体培育出海蜇16触手螅状体600万个，关键技术在于育苗用水严格砂滤防止藻类和固着纤毛虫进入；育苗池中防止裸露的钢筋铁管严禁重金属离子污染；亲蜇成熟度好；采苗器严格消毒；4触手期保证适口饵料供应；防止高温季节螅状体与饵料一起死亡。另外，根据上年的经验，今年春这些螅状体要想生产出更多的幼蜇需掌握以下关键技术：培养大规格的螅状体；控光控温诱导横裂生殖集中释放碟状体；光线控制在500—1000lx；保持水质新鲜。     

Examining changes in participation in recreational fisheries in England and Wales

Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ～1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge.     

Associations between morphometric variables and weight and yields carcass in Pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus

The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between morphometric variables and carcass characteristics in Pirapitinga. We used a thousand specimens of Pirapitinga with an average weight of 1,200 g, which were stunned, slaughtered, weighed, measured, and processed for morphometric and processing yield analysis, to obtain weights, carcass and fillet yields. Initially, the linearity of the variables was verified. Pearson's simple and partial correlation tests were performed between all metrics. Track analysis was performed considering the weights and yields of carcass and filet as dependent variables and the others as independent variables. Ridge regression models were used to eliminate the effects of multicollinearity among the independent variables. Observations showed that the simple correlations between body weights and yields were superior to the partial ones in terms of magnitude. The length and circumference of the specimens were the measures most linearly associated with weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. As for carcass yield and fillet yield, linear correlation coefficients were low and not significant when associated with body weights. With the path analysis, we could observe significant positive correlations between the morphometric measurements for weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. The standard length, body circumference and body circumference/body height ratio are the most correlated. The latter are the most important variables in the evaluation of body weights in Pirapitinga fish. They can serve as criteria for indirect selection in searching for fish with better carcass characteristics. As for fillet and carcass yields, the morphometric variables have not shown to be efficient for indirect selection.     

Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food‐grade fish

Marine fisheries target and catch fish both for direct human consumption (DHC) as well as for fishmeal and fish oil, and other products. We derived the fractions used for each for 1950–2010 by fishing country, and thus provide a factual foundation for discussions of the optimal use of fisheries resources. From 1950 to 2010, 27% (~20 million tonnes annually) of globally reconstructed marine fisheries landings were destined for uses other than DHC. Importantly, 90% of fish destined for uses other than DHC are food‐grade or prime food‐grade fish, while fish without a ready market for DHC make up a much smaller proportion. These findings have implications for how we are using fish to feed ourselves or, more appropriately, how we are not using fish to feed ourselves.