Lumbar erector spinae plane block: an anatomical and dye distribution evaluation of two ultrasound-guided approaches in canine cadavers

ObjectiveTo examine the anatomy of the lumbar epaxial region and to describe two different ultrasound-guided approaches for the lumbar erector spinae plane (ESP) block in dogs.Study designAn anatomical and experimental cadaver study.AnimalsA group of 19 canine cadavers.MethodsThe anatomy was described following dissection of two cadavers. Bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP injections with 0.4 mL kg^–1 of contrast dye were performed in 17 adult Beagle cadavers using either transversal (TVS) or parasagittal (PST) approaches. Computed tomography was performed to measure the total length of the contrast dye column and the epidural, intravascular, hypaxial and intra-abdominal migration. Dissections were performed to assess the spread of the contrast dye and to determine the degree of staining of the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves (DBSN). Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests were used to compare data between groups.ResultsUsing both techniques, the contrast dye was observed within the ESP compartment. There was no difference in the total length of the contrast dye column between TVS and PST approaches (p = 0.056). Using the TVS approach, multisegmental staining of the DBSN was visible with 100% (17/17) of injections, while complete staining of the DBSN was achieved at 94% of the injection sites. Using the PST approach, these values were 29% (5/17) and 23% (4/17), respectively. The TVS approach stained more DBSN than the PST approach (p = 0.001), with a median (range) of 2 (2–3) versus 0 (0–3) DBSN, respectively. Using the TVS approach, epidural and intravascular migration were present in 2/17 (p = 0.485) and 3/17 (p = 0.227) injections, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceBoth ultrasound-guided approaches resulted in a spread of the contrast dye within the ESP compartment. Although there were no differences in the total length of the contrast dye column, the TVS approach was superior to the PST approach in staining DBSN.     

The patterns of plasma free amino acids after force-feeding in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation

Two experiments were conducted to compare the patterns of plasma free amino acid concentrations after force-feeding in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation. In the first experiment, 35 rainbow trout averaging 504 ± 7.8 g (mean ± SD) were divided into seven groups of five fish each. After 48 h starvation, a group of fish was anaesthetized and blood samples were taken at one of the following time periods: 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after feeding. In the second experiment, five dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 511 ± 6.2 g (mean ± SD) were kept in a cage. After 48 h starvation, the fish were anaesthetized and blood samples were taken from the same fish at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after feeding. In the first experiment, the concentration of all plasma free amino acids except histidine and glycine peaked at 4 h and returned to the basal level 24 h after feeding. In the second experiment, the concentration of all plasma free amino acids except isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan also peaked at 4 h and returned to the basal level 24 h after feeding. These results showed that the pattern of plasma free amino acid concentrations from fish with and without dorsal aorta cannulation were similar.     

鲢鱼生物学性状研究

鲢鱼又名白鲢、跳鲢、鲢子鱼等。属鲤科、鲢亚科。鲢鱼具有生长快、疾病少、不需专门人王投饵的特点。利用鲢鱼实测体全长,体重数据进行线性回归分析,得出鲢鱼的体全长和体重之间呈曲线相关关系,相关公式为W=0.011L^3.077R=0.9919。     

养殖大菱鲆烂鳍病的流行调查及人工感染试验

通过现场调查和记录备案送检大菱鲆病鱼样品的方法,对我国大菱鲆主要养殖区烂鳍病进行了21个月流行情况调查,共采集到烂鳍病发病样品20个。调查结果发现,烂鳍病是大菱鲆养殖比较常见的细菌性疾病之一,自然高发期集中于5~8月水温较高的时期,苗期的大菱鲆最易感染,发病鱼一般都是急性死亡。组织病理学的研究显示,病鱼多个组织器官均发生不同程度的病变。用该病致病菌对苗期大菱鲆进行的人工感染试验结果表明,高浓度的病原菌对大菱鲆的致病力是相当强的。根据感染试验死亡曲线推算出该致病菌对大菱鲆半致死量为5.9×103cfu/m l。     

箱型承水挡诱导漂子技术参数研究

本课题通过系列水工模型试验,对箱型承水挡诱导漂子的技术参数进行了分析研究,得出了它们之间的相互关系,并建立了导漂轴线与水流方向夹角和流速、导漂纵向拉力和流速之间的关系式。此外,还对漂子的工作状态进行了分析研究。这些分析研究成果,将对从事木材水运事业的设计、生产单位具有实用意义。     

Differences in feeding habits influence the growth performance and feeding efficiencies of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and lemon fin barb hybrid (Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂ × Barboides gonionotus ♀) in a glycerol-based biofloc technology system versus a recirculating system

African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and lemon fin barb hybrid (LFBH) (Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂ × Barbodes gonionotus ♀) were cultured in either a biofloc technology (BFT) system or an individual recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and their survival, growth, feeding efficiencies and biochemical composition were then compared after 8 weeks. LFBH and African catfish were chosen based on their different feeding habits. In the BFT treatments, glycerol was added to create a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 15, while the RAS system consisted of a fine mesh mechanical and biological filter. Each of the four treatments was triplicated, with each replicate consisting of 20 African catfish (0.98 ± 0.05 g) or LFBH (1.77 ± 0.02 g). Water quality and biofloc formation were examined weekly while the biofloc proximate composition was measured in weeks 5 and 8. During weeks 6, 7 and 8 the total viable bacterial colony forming units (CFU) were quantified. Regardless of species, biofloc formation was similar but the crude protein, lipid and ash significantly decreased from week 5 to week 8. However, biofloc crude protein and ash were significantly higher in the LFBH treatment. Total viable CFU were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in BFT compared to RAS, with LFBH having significantly more (P < 0.05) than African catfish. The proximate composition of the fish were unaffected by either system. Implementing BFT significantly (P < 0.05) improved both African catfish and LFBH growth, but this improvement was substantially higher for LFBH (41.6%) than for African catfish (7.6%). This may be due to a better ability of LFBH to consume smaller particles. Preliminary results also indicate that the nutritional composition of bioflocs could be influenced by biofloc age, which could have implications to solids management.     

The use of race winnings, ratings and a performance index to assess the effect of thermocautery of the soft palate for treatment of horses with suspected intermittent dorsal displacement. A case-control study in 110 racing Thoroughbreds

REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY: There have been no reports of the efficacy of thermocautery of the soft palate (TSP) assessed objectively as a treatment of intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). OBJECTIVE: To compare: racing performance of horses that underwent thermocautery of the soft palate with matched controls; and 'Racing Post ratings' (RPR) with prize money won (RE) and a performance index (PI) for each of the horses in the study. HYPOTHESIS: Thermocautery of the soft palate has no beneficial effect on racing performance and the 3 measures of performance are significantly related. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 110 horses and each was matched with 2 controls. Changes in performance were compared statistically. RPR, RE and PI were analysed using a regression model. RESULTS: The percentage of horses that improved in performance following the procedure was 28-51% for the 3 measures of performance, compared to 21-53% for the matched controls. There was no significant effect of the procedure on the changes in RPR or RE. There was a significant effect of the procedure on the change in PI (P=0.015) with more treated horses achieving an improved PI and fewer acquiring a worse PI than matched control horses. The measures of performance showed significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Thermocautery of the soft palate alone may not be the most efficacious treatment of DDSP. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Production of a reliable measure of racehorse performance may be possible.     

中国鱼翅消费与鲨鱼捕捞关系初步研究

近年来,鲨鱼资源养护和管理成为国际社会关注点,中国的鱼翅消费被认为是破坏鲨鱼资源的罪魁祸首。为了解事实,采用问卷调查法于2017年对中国鲨鱼产品主要批发市场(北京、上海、广州)的商户进行调查。结果显示:经营种类以鱼翅为主;鱼翅销量和价格的最高峰阶段为2008—2012年,2013年开始,销量和价格均急剧下降,最低峰阶段为2015—2016年,且2017年较2016年相比,销量和价格继续下跌; 60%的商户反映经营状况不佳。海关数据表明,中国内地干鱼翅进口量由2004年的最高峰4 776 t降到2012年的108 t,且2013—2016年持续下降。而联合国粮农组织(FAO)发布的数据显示全球鲨鱼捕捞量在2013—2016年整体平稳,全球鲨鱼捕捞量并未随中国鱼翅消费的下降而下降。故把中国消费鱼翅作为破坏鲨鱼资源的罪魁祸首是失实的。