不同蛋白质与碳水化合物水平对黑鲷肌肉营养组成和质地的影响

为探究日粮中不同蛋白质与碳水化合物水平对黑鲷肌肉营养组成和质地的影响,实验配置了41.0%和37.5%2种蛋白质水平下3种碳水化合物水平(以小麦面粉为碳水化合物源,使用量分别为19%,24%,29%)的实验饲料,分别记为L1(19/41),L2(24/41),L3(29/41),L4(19/37.5),L5(24/37.5),L6(29/37.5)。实验以黑鲷幼鱼[均重(9.95±0.22)g)]为研究对象,投喂上述实验饲料养殖8周后,分析肌肉常规营养与氨基酸组成,测定肌纤维密度,并采用TA.XT plus质构分析仪进行质地多面剖析(TPA)模拟测试。结果显示,不同饲料蛋白质与碳水化合物比例对黑鲷背肌粗蛋白、粗脂肪无显著性影响(P0.05);对背肌谷氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸和蛋氨酸含量均具有显著影响(P0.05),而对其余氨基酸含量与总量均无显著性影响(P0.05);此外,对背肌硬度产生显著性影响(P0.05)。在同一碳水化合物水平下,蛋白质水平降低,背肌硬度、胶性显著减小(P0.05),恢复性显著增大(P0.05);而在同一蛋白水质平下,随着碳水化合物水平升高,背肌硬度、恢复性出现显著性差异(P0.05);蛋白水平降低,肌纤维密度下降(P0.05)。研究表明,2种蛋白质水平下不同碳水化合物水平对黑鲷背肌的常规营养组成无显著性影响,但对氨基酸组成和质地有一定影响。     

Are horses that undergo an exploratory laparotomy for correction of a right dorsal displacement of the large colon predisposed to post operative colic,compared to other forms of large colon displacement?

Reason for performing study: It is a clinical impression that horses diagnosed with a right dorsal displacement (RDD) of the large colon, are more likely to suffer from recurrent episodes of colic post operatively, compared to other forms of nonstrangulating large colon displacement. Objectives: To investigate whether the type of nonstrangulating large colon displacement identified at exploratory laparotomy would influence long‐term outcome. Hypothesis: Horses identified with a RDD of the large colon at exploratory laparotomy would be more likely to experience recurrent episodes of post operative colic than other types of displacement. Materials and methods: Medical records for horses undergoing an exploratory laparotomy, from 2000–2008, for a nonstrangulating large colon displacement were reviewed. Data retrieved included: subject details, previous medical history, details of current episodes of colic, results of preoperative examination, surgical findings and procedures, post operative management and complications. Follow‐up information was obtained by reference to computerised clinical records and by telephone questionnaire administered to the horse's owner or carer, and included details of any colic episodes exhibited by the horse after discharge and whether a repeat celiotomy had been required to resolve the colic episodes. Results: There were 165 surgeries identified, in 154 horses. It was found that those horses with RDD were significantly more likely to experience recurrent episodes of colic requiring veterinary intervention post operatively compared to other types of displacement. Clinical relevance: Long‐term prognosis and likelihood of post operative complications is an important consideration for both owners and veterinarians.     

Lag screw fixation of dorsal cortical stress fractures of the third metacarpal bone in 116 racehorses

Reasons for performing study: The effectiveness and best method to manage dorsal cortical stress fractures is not clear. This study was performed to evaluate the success of lag screw fixation of such fractures in a population of Thoroughbred racehorses. Hypothesis: Lag screw fixation of dorsal cortical stress fractures is an effective surgical procedure allowing racehorses to return to their preoperative level of performance. Methods: The records of 116 racehorses (103 Thoroughbreds) admitted to Equine Medical Centre, California between 1986 and 2008 were assessed. Information obtained from medical records included subject details, limb(s) affected, fracture configuration, length of screw used in repair and presence of concurrent surgical procedures performed. Racing performance was evaluated relative to these factors using Fisher's exact test and nonparametric methods with a level of significance of P<0.05. Results: Of 92 Thoroughbred horses, 83% raced preoperatively and 83% raced post operatively, with 63% having ≥5 starts. There was no statistically significant association between age, gender, limb affected, fracture configuration or presence of concurrent surgery and likelihood of racing post operatively or of having 5 or more starts. The mean earnings per start and the performance index for the 3 races following surgery were lower compared to the 3 races prior to surgery; however, 29 and 45% of horses either improved or did not change their earnings per start and performance index, respectively. Conclusions and potential relevance: Data show that lag screw fixation is successful at restoring ability to race in horses suffering from dorsal cortical stress fractures.     

电子设备封闭腔内自然对流冷却效果数值分析

为了研究安装于封闭空间内的电子设备散热元件属性及空间位置对腔内自然对流传热特性的影响,该文采用FLUENT14.5软件中的RNGk-ε湍流模型对流体为空气、高宽比为1的封闭腔内温度场、流场、壁面传热能力进行了数值分析。结果表明:在热壁面1/3高度处布置1个导热翅片时热壁面的平均Nu数比相同位置布置绝热翅片时提高了9.67%;在热壁面1/3高度处、冷壁面2/3高度处同时各布置1个导热翅片时热壁面平均Nu数可取得双翅片工况的最大值39.94,比单翅片的最优工况平均Nu数提高了14.34%。本文研究结果对于改善工农业工程中电子元器件的自然对流冷却效果、优化散热元器件的空间布置具有一定的理论指导意义。     

A historical review of the key bacterial and viral pathogens of Scottish wild fish

Thousands of Scottish wild fish were screened for pathogens by Marine Scotland Science. A systematic review of published and unpublished data on six key pathogens (Renibacterium salmoninarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, IPNV, ISAV, SAV and VHSV) found in Scottish wild and farmed fish was undertaken. Despite many reported cases in farmed fish, there was a limited number of positive samples from Scottish wild fish, however, there was evidence for interactions between wild and farmed fish. A slightly elevated IPNV prevalence was reported in wild marine fish caught close to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farms that had undergone clinical IPN. Salmonid alphavirus was isolated from wild marine fish caught near Atlantic salmon farms with a SAV infection history. Isolations of VHSV were made from cleaner wrasse (Labridae) used on Scottish Atlantic salmon farms and VHSV was detected in local wild marine fish. However, these pathogens have been detected in wild marine fish caught remotely from aquaculture sites. These data suggest that despite the large number of samples taken, there is limited evidence for clinical disease in wild fish due to these pathogens (although BKD and furunculosis historically occurred) and they are likely to have had a minimal impact on Scottish wild fish.     

鲜活大菱鲆溯源标识固定工艺研究及参数优化

为获取鲜活大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)溯源标识固定工艺,分别采用细耳标扣、T型扣与套环扣进行鱼体固定试验,对比各组的钉扣固定速率与钉扣有效固定率,评价不同钉扣固定后鱼体状态指标,选出最合适的钉扣.在此基础上,对比鱼体不同部位鳍体的固定效果,并对钉扣固定位置范围参数进行优化试验.结果表明,采用T型扣...     

北京鸭迷走背核向脊髓的直接投射——HRP法研究

采用HRP逆行追踪法,对25例北京鸭迷走背核直接投射到脊髓的传导通路的起始部位进行了研究。乌拉坦(Urethane)静脉注射麻醉动物,分别在脊髓的颈中部(C7)、颈膨大部和腰膨大部注时30～50％HRP,灌流固定,取脑做冰冻连续切片,蓝色反应显色,中性红复染,镜检。实验结果:单侧脊髓注射HRP后,在延髓的闩后部分,双侧的迷走背核内发现了标记细胞,对侧的标记细胞数量多于同侧。此外,双侧的疑核和孤束核也有一些标记细胞。在颈中部脊髓引入HRP后,出现的标记细胞较多;在颈膨大部引入HRP后,出现的标记细胞较少;在腰膨大部引入HRP后,迷走背核内不出现标记细胞,而疑核和孤束核仍有少量标记细胞。本文对禽类迷走背核和疑核至脊髓的直接传导通路,结合哺乳类的有关资料进行了讨论。