关于红鳍东方鲀Fugu rubripes(Temminck et Schlegel)苗种的长途运输的探讨

红鳍东方鲀苗种运输的好坏,直接关系到河鲀养殖的成败。本文从鲀苗运输前的准备,到采用尼龙薄膜袋、大容量桶充氧运输和活水船运输等方法,介绍鲀苗的长途运输技术,以提高鲀苗的运输成活率。     

牙鲆胚后发育过程中Ⅰ型脱碘酶基因的原位表达谱

甲状腺激素T3在鱼类胚后发育与变态发育过程中发挥着重要作用,甲状腺激素T4通过Ⅰ型甲状腺氨酸脱碘酶(Dio1)生成T3,因此,调查Dio1基因在胚后发育包括变态发育过程中原位表达谱,有助于理解T3在胚后发育中的具体作用。利用RNA整体原位杂交技术,发现Dio1主要在牙鲆肠道、鳃、肝、肌肉、鳍、眼睛周围等器官和组织表达,鳃、肠道、奇鳍中的Dio1原位表达谱有一定的规律性,尤其在生骨肌细胞向鳍褶中迁移、臀鳍和背鳍(包括冠状幼鳍)的鳍条和支鳍骨的发生过程中,Dio1可能通过影响这些组织器官的T3水平而发挥重要作用。     

鲻胚后发育过程中体表色素与鳍的变化特征

[目的]确定鲻胚后早期发育过程中体表色素的形成时间及各鳍的变化特点,为优化其种苗生产技术工艺流程奠定基础.[方法]采用常规的光学显微镜技术对鲻胚后早期发育过程中体表色素的分布与鳍条的形成过程进行连续观察和记录.[结果]鲻的体表色素发育需要依次经过6个阶段,初孵仔鱼就已经具有色素细胞,鱼体表面色素随着仔鱼发育进一步变化,至30日龄色素发育完全.在鲻的早期发育过程中,各鳍发育顺序依次为:胸鳍→尾鳍→臀鳍→第二背鳍→腹鳍→第一背鳍.鲻鳍的发育需要经过10个阶段,3日龄仔鱼便可观察到胸鳍芽,19日龄时尾鳍开始发育,21日龄时第二背鳍和臀鳍逐步发育,且臀鳍发育速度稍快于第二背鳍,腹鳍芽出现,26日龄时第一背鳍开始隆起,至38日龄鳍条发育完全.[结论]鲻胚后早期发育过程中的体表色素分布和鳍条发育与其形态发育及行为相适应,可作为早期发育的指示性标志.     

Coupled Conduction-convective Heat Transfer in the Louvered Fin Heat Exchanger

The heat transfer process in the louvered fin heat exchanger is analyzed,and the corresponding physical and mathematical models on the coupled conduction-convective heat transfer for the louver fin geometry are proposed.The control volume-based finite element method(CVFEM) is employed to solve numerically the problem.The computed(results) reveal the flow structure and heat transfer in the geometry in detail.Compared with the empirical correlation of heat transfer and friction coefficients previously proposed,the computed results show better consistency with the experimental results.     

Experimental Study on Refrigeration Performance of Fin-tube With Circular Hole Under the Frost Condition

The performance of heat transfer of fin-tube with circular hole is better than fin-tube without hole if there is no frost,but what is the situation if under the frost condition.Tthe comparison study on performance of heat transfer and refrigeration is carriedout under the frost condition for the heat exchanger with three kinds of fins: circular and half circular hole,circular hole,plane form.The experiment process is finished through the refrigeration system of icebox.In the course of experiment,the influence of frost process to the diameter of circular hole;is analyzed The real refrigeration amount,heat transfer coefficient and real refrigeration coefficient of the three kinds of fins are compared;compare the effect of energy saving of enforced fins is given.The fin efficiency is calculated method and make out the real convection coefficient to disclose the situation of heat transfer of fins is lnade out.Results: compared with plane form fin,the following results are for fin-tube with circular hole: average heat transfer coefficient rise 11.53%,convection coefficient rises 18.84%,real refrigeration coefficient rises 6.83%,virtual refrigeration amount rises 6.02%,electricity saving is 6.39%.Fin-tube with circular hole is the best form for the three kinds of fins.     

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Oral Administration of Meloxicam to Foals

Background

The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of meloxicam have been evaluated in adult horses, but not foals. Physiologic differences between neonates and adults might alter drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic index.

Hypotheses

The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam will be different in foals compared with adult horses, and foals could be at increased risk for adverse drug effects.

Animals

Twenty lightbreed foals less than 6 weeks of age at commencement of the study.

Methods

Single and repeated oral dose pharmacokinetics were determined for meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg) in 10 foals. The safety of the drug was further evaluated in a 2nd group of 10 foals in a randomized blinded prospective study.

Results

Plasma concentrations after a single oral dose of meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg) and time to maximum plasma concentration were similar to adult horses. However, drug clearance was much more rapid in foals (elimination half‐life 2.48 ± 0.25 hours). Administration of 0.6 mg/kg every 12 hours was well tolerated by foals for up to 3 weeks, with no evidence of drug accumulation in plasma. Adverse effects observed in adult horses at higher dose rates were not observed in foals given 1.8 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Meloxicam at an oral dose rate of 0.6 mg/kg every 12 hours provided plasma concentrations likely to be therapeutic. In contrast to findings for other NSAIDs, foals appeared more resilient to the adverse effects of this drug than was observed in adult horses.     

青鱼鳍条组织细胞系的建立及其生物学特性

采用组织块移植培养技术,对来源于青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)的鳍条组织细胞进行原代培养,建立了青鱼鳍条组织细胞系,定名为BC-Fin。青鱼鳍条组织细胞为成纤维样细胞,已稳定传代培养50多代,其最适培养温度为25℃,最佳培养基为L-15,最适血清浓度为15%,在最适培养条件下,青鱼鳍条组织细胞的群体倍增时间为60.6 h。青鱼鳍条组织细胞液氮冷冻保藏6个月后,经台盼蓝染色,约(90.09±4.65)%的细胞具有细胞活性,复苏后的细胞生长旺盛。细胞染色体分析显示,第16代青鱼鳍条组织细胞的染色体数目为正常二倍体(2n=48),第41代细胞染色体众数为46。通过对离体培养细胞的线粒体中的16S rRNA基因进行特异性扩增,获得长度为320 bp的核酸片段,核酸序列比对分析结果表明,其与青鱼16S rRNA基因序列的一致性达98%,表明该细胞来源于青鱼。病毒敏感性试验结果显示,在感染草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)后BC-Fin细胞系可产生典型细胞病变效应,病毒滴度为105.33±0.21TCID50/m L,且PCR检测可检测出细胞培养的草鱼呼肠孤病毒,表明BCFin细胞系对草鱼呼肠孤病毒较敏感。     

鲫鱼背鳍棘的观察

１９８５年至１９９５年在上海对鲫鱼背鳍的进行了观察。结果表明，鲫属中金鲫、鲫、银鲫和大阪鲫的背鳍均具有４个棘。     

中华乌塘鳢人工育苗技术研究

进行了中华乌塘鳢人工育苗试验，采用背鳍基部肌肉注射，多次注射激素促熟催产，控制水温，不断充气等措施，提前１个多月孵出苗，相对延长了养殖期，提高了经济效益，试验证明：培育亲鱼投喂活沙蚕好，雌雄比１：１，孵化水温２６～２８℃，盐度１６～１７注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ剂量１５０μｇ／尾，可提高催产率，受精率和出苗率。     

宁前胡仿生挖掘铲设计与试验

针对宁前胡采挖过程中挖掘阻力大的问题，以鲨鱼背鳍为研究对象，并结合农艺要求，设计了一款宁前胡仿生挖掘铲；根据摩尔-库仑理论中土体应力分析，当选用鲨鱼背鳍结构作为仿生铲的凸起结构时，土壤更易达到破裂状态；通过三维扫描仪扫描鲨鱼标本，获取鲨鱼背鳍三维模型，根据背鳍三维模型确定仿生铲的凸起结构，并通过NX12.0创建仿生挖掘铲三维模型；利用三维扫描仪获得宁前胡根茎外形轮廓特征，创建宁前胡根茎的离散元模型，并选用Hertz-Mindlin with JKR建立宁前胡根茎-土壤离散元复合模型；通过离散元仿真对比试验，得出X、Y、Z方向颗粒位移和挖掘阻力的平均值，分析挖掘铲的减阻机理，仿生铲比平面铲在采挖过程中阻力减小14.37%;通过开展土槽试验，对比根茎挖掘效果，与仿真试验中得出的宁前胡根茎在仿生挖掘铲挖掘后，根茎在X、Y、Z方向上有更好的位移表现，仿生铲和平面铲的挖掘阻力平均值分别为1 342.28、1 622.73 N,仿生铲比平面铲在采挖过程中阻力减小17.28%,与仿真试验得出的减阻率十分接近，满足宁前胡采挖过程中的减阻要求。