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Correlation of molecular markers and biological properties in Verticillium dahliae and the possible origins of some isolates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Collins J. Mercado-Blanco R. M. Jiménez-Díaz C. Olivares E. Clewes D. J. Barbara † 《Plant pathology》2005,54(4):549-557
Haploid and amphihaploid Verticillium dahliae isolates were studied using PCR-based molecular markers which: (i) discriminate the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes (two primer pairs INTD2f/r and INTND2f/r), and (ii) are species-specific (primer pair 19/22). The results were compared with some known biological and other molecular properties of the isolates. Five discrete sequences of the 19/22 amplicon were found. Sequence 4 was associated with both defoliating isolates from Spain and nondefoliating isolates from Spain and USA; these pathotypes were separated by the primer pairs INTD2f/r and INTND2f/r, but the data showed that the primer espdef01 (derived from the 19/22 amplicon) cannot be used for this purpose. Amplicon sizes and sequences with primers 19/22 divided amphihaploid isolates from crucifers (thought to be interspecific hybrids) into those corresponding to the previously reported α and β groups. The β-group isolates had either sequence 4 or 5 (these two differing by a single base). The distinct amplicon sequence 3 given by the α-group isolates demonstrated that the V. dahliae -like 'parent' of this group was molecularly unlike any haploid isolate yet studied. The overall results are discussed in relation to phytosanitary considerations and the probability of defoliating or crucifer pathotypes arising de novo within Europe, either by selection or by interspecific hybridizations. 相似文献
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采用次序统计量方法,以1988~1999年环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生程度资料和气候资料研究了蝗虫灾害等级与当地气候指标的定量关系,建立了春季和夏季预测模型,并以此对2000~2003年该地区蝗虫发生状况进行了预测试验。结果表明,敏感气候因子有:上年11~12月气温、3~6月温度及5~6月降水量等。春季预测模型中的指标为:(1)T11<-6℃;(2)T12<-10℃;(3)T3>-4℃;(4)T4>2℃。夏季预测模型中的指标为:(1)(T11+T12)/2<-8.5℃;(2)(T3+T4)/2>-1.5℃;(3)(T5+T6)>7.5℃;(4)(R5+R6)<48mm。当模型中有3个或4个指标满足,则当年可能发生严重蝗虫灾害,当没有或只有1~2个指标满足,则不会发生严重蝗虫灾害。 相似文献
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A survey of Newcastle disease in Swiss laying-hen flocks using serological testing and simulation modelling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of birds particularly domestic poultry. Switzerland is currently declared free from ND; since vaccination is prohibited, the detection of antibodies against ND virus (NDV) results in the destruction of the respective flock (stamping-out policy). However, in 1995 and 1996, antibody-positive flocks were detected and sporadic ND outbreaks even occurred in Switzerland. Therefore, a serosurvey was done to look for evidence of NDV infections in Swiss laying-hen flocks. The survey was designed to provide 95% confidence of detecting at least one seropositive flock if the flock prevalence were 1%. Thirty blood samples from each of 260 commercial laying-hen flocks were collected during 1996 in a central poultry slaughterhouse. Sera were screened for NDV antibodies with a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples with a questionable or positive test result were retested with the same ELISA. A stochastic computer model was applied to define a cut-off number of test-positive samples to help to differentiate between true- and false-positive flocks and to estimate the true flock prevalence of infection. Four flocks were identified as NDV-seropositive and the NDV true seroprevalence among commercial laying-hen flocks in Switzerland was most likely between 1.35 and 1.55%. This indicates that Swiss laying-hen and parental flocks with more than 150 animals have been in contact with strains of NDV that cause subclinical infection in chicken, because no clinical symptoms have been observed. In this context, computer simulation was a useful technique to interpret survey results. 相似文献
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Radiographic evaluation of uterine enlargement is discussed and illustrated. Normal (pregnancy) and abnormal (pyometra, complications of pregnancy, neoplasma) causes of uterine enlargement are addressed. Special radiographic procedures for uterine evaluation are described. 相似文献
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Abstract Cyclosporin has been increasingly used for the treatment of skin diseases in small animals. Reported uses include the treatment of atopy, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, feline acquired alopecia resembling pseudopelade of humans, pemphigus erythematosus, pemphigus foliaceus, perianal fistulae and sebaceous adenitis. In addition, cyclosporin has been used anecdotally for several other skin diseases. Few side effects have been noted at doses therapeutic for dermatologic diseases. Current suggestions for monitoring, and the value of trough cyclosporin serum concentrations for prediction of toxicity and efficacy are discussed. 相似文献
50.