浅谈“十四五”土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科发展战略

土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科是土壤学科中应用性较强的学科,悠久的发展历史积累了极为丰富的文献资料,在评价和利用土壤资源,提高作物产量和养分利用率,减少环境污染中发挥着重要作用。"十四五"期间土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科应加强土壤养分转化过程、速率、产物及其影响因素的基础性研究。鉴于我国大宗作物种植强度下降,集约化设施种植面积增加的两极化发展现状和减肥减药维持生态环境安全的国家需求,"十四五"期间,土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科应加强以下针对性研究:1)休耕轮作对土壤肥力的影响及通过休耕轮作维持和提高土壤肥力的原理、途径和方法;2)高度集约化种植条件下快速恢复土壤肥力,保持土壤健康和有效利用土壤养分的科学管理原理、途径和方法;3)实现土壤-作物-环境相互契合,充分发挥土壤肥力,高效利用土壤养分的基础科学问题。     

广西东门林场森林资源现状和可持续发展策略

根据广西东门林场2009年森林资源二类调查的结果,分析东门林场森林资源现状、特点及存在的问题,并提出东门林场森林资源可持续发展的策略。     

箭筈豌豆种子人工加速老化条件筛选的研究

人工加速老化法是种子活力测定的常用方法之一,但不同物种适宜的老化条件往往不同。以9个箭筈豌豆种批为材料,在100%相对湿度,41、43及45 ℃条件分别老化处理12、24、36、48、60及72 h,通过测定发芽率及发芽速率,筛选出箭筈豌豆适宜的人工加速老化条件。结果表明,老化温度、时间以及两者的交互作用对发芽率及发芽速率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。随着老化温度及时间的增加,发芽率逐渐下降,老化处理48 h后发芽率均显著降低(P<0.05)(除种批6);发芽速率先增加后降低,24 h后呈现下降趋势。相关分析结果表明老化时间对箭筈豌豆发芽率和发芽速率的影响大于温度。在41 ℃-60 h老化条件下,发芽率和发芽速率分别将9个种批分为8和6个质量等级,比其他老化处理条件划分更多的质量等级,且各质量等级之间差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,41 ℃-60 h是箭筈豌豆适宜的人工加速老化条件。     

Qualitative tear film and conjunctival goblet cell assessment of cats with corneal sequestra

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tear film qualitatively and conjunctival goblet cell numbers in cats with and without corneal sequestra. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: This was a prospective evaluation of 11 cats with corneal sequestra and 14 control eyes that were either the contralateral normal eye when the sequestrum was unilateral or from control cats of similar age with no ocular disease. All cats in this study were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. The ophthalmic examinations included a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, Schirmer tear tests, fluorescein staining, tear film break-up times, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The palpebral conjunctiva at the dorsal nasal, ventral nasal, dorsal temporal and ventral temporal fornices were biopsied after topical anesthetic was applied to the cornea and conjunctiva. The conjunctival biopsies were fixed in formalin and sectioned routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. These slides were examined by light microscopy by a blinded examiner. Goblet cell numbers were compared to conjunctival basal epithelial cell numbers by region. The goblet cell numbers by region from the eyes with sequestra was statistically compared to those from eyes without sequestra, with a student's paired t-test. Conjunctival swabs were collected from the cats with corneal sequestra and submitted for polymerase chain reaction for Herpes felis, Chlamydia psiitticia, and Mycoplasma felis. The corneal sequestra were removed by surgical keratectomy and fixed and stained routinely, and examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: No neurologic abnormalities were detected in any of the cats. The Schirmer tear tests (eyes with sequestra 14+/-5.1 mm/min; normal eyes 15+/-6.8 mm/min) and intraocular pressures (eyes with sequestra 21+/-6.6; normal eyes 22+/-5.8) were within normal reference ranges for cats. Biomicroscopic examinations revealed varied sizes and depths of brown- and amber-colored corneal sequestra. No abnormalities were noted on indirect ophthalmoscopic examinations. The tear film break-up time was 21 s (+/-12) for the normal eyes (n=14) and 14 s (+/-13) in eyes with corneal sequestra (n=11). The average goblet/epithelial cell ratios by region for the normal eyes and the eyes with sequestra respectively were 0.66, 0.56 for the dorsal nasal fornix, 0.68, 0.57 for the ventral nasal fornix, 0.63, 0.48 for the temporal dorsal fornix, and 0.55, 0.49 for the temporal ventral fornix. There were no significant differences in tear film break-up times and goblet cell numbers in eyes with corneal sequestra and those without sequestra. Three conjunctival swabs from two of 11 cats with sequestra were positive with PCR for Herpes felis virus. These included one cat with bilateral sequestra and one cat with unilateral corneal sequestrum. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestra does not appear to be linked primarily to abnormal goblet cell numbers, qualitative tear film abnormalities, and accelerated tear film break-up time.     

广西自然保护区周边社区发展限制性因素分析

通过对广西龙虎山和银殿山两个自然保护区周边社区居民随机抽样,针对11项限制社区发展因素进行了问卷调查,并采用SPSS相关性和两独立样本t检验分析,结果显示：社区居民自身条件欠缺、社区自然禀赋欠佳和社区与外界关系不顺制约了自然保护区周边社区发展;社区可利用资源、政府行为和保护区留给社区的生存空间等与居民对保护区的态度之间具有明显的相关性.提出通过有效劳务输出、发展地方农业经和减少社区居民对限制社区发展因素的负面感知可有效改善保护区周边民生问题.     

棉纤维次生壁加厚期的研究进展

棉纤维是胚珠表皮细胞经分化起始、伸长、次生壁增厚和脱水成熟而形成的单细胞纤维,棉纤维细胞次生壁增厚决定棉纤维强度。利用生理或分子生物学手段,研究次生壁增厚时期的生理基础及其相关基因的表达特征,可以揭示棉纤维强度的形成机制,为进一步探索改善纤维强度的生理调控途径和运用分子手段培育高强纤维品种提供理论依据。     

滇西北退耕还林后续政策分析及发展对策

滇西北是云南省最为贫困的少数民族聚集地区之一,实行退耕还林政策10多年来取得了巨大的成效,随着退耕还林政策补助陆续到期,部分退耕农户生计将出现困难。对退耕还林后续政策进行分析,认为退耕还林补偿标准与现有物价水平不符,套种的规定过于保守,针对政策上的不足与实施过程中存在的作业设计不够规范、监管不力、档案管理不够规范等问题提出相关对策和建议。     

Regional inequality: An analysis under the core–peripheral model

Desmet, Gumpert, and Ort?n have analyzed regional development using the Ricardian model or the Heckscher–Ohlin theorem. However, aspects such as consideration of combined wages, substitution elasticities, marginal costs, fixed costs, and number of companies were completely ignored. This study investigates the underdevelopment of regions in light of Krugman`s core–peripheral model. The extension of the model is intended to analyze the aspects that have so far been ignored and their influence on the benefits of the two regions. The following aspects characterize the model. Two regions with two sectors are considered for the model. The regions are characterized by different technological equipment. The first region is industrial. The second region has an agricultural character. When a new technology is available, both regions can benefit under certain conditions. The financial transfers lead to a convergence of wages.     

草牧场立体开发模式结构功能与增值技术研究

在对杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县靠山种畜场建立的3种草牧场立体开发模式进行调查和统计分析的基础上,确定了樟子松是杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县草原防护林的主栽树种,沙棘是固沙林、灌木饲料林的主要树种,绥李、黄太平、樱桃是草牧场区的主要经济树种;确定了樟子松移植大苗造林的最佳时间、移植桶规格和苗木规格。草牧场樟子松疏林立体开发模式,生态、经济效益显著;草场防护林体系网带疏块、乔灌草药复合模式,形成了生态和经济上比较稳定高效的综合体系;经济林开发利用模式产值是农田的8倍。比普通经济纯林提高34．8％。     

水稻栽培因素对北方粳稻产量及米质的影响[Ⅵ]--穗肥追肥时间对产量及米质的影响

通过田间对比试验研究穗肥追施时间对水稻产量及米质的影响,结果表明,水稻的穗肥追施时间越晚,加工品质越好,而产量和食味品质明显降低.这种趋势以出穗前25 d为准,有跳跃式的质的变化.所以为了提高产量和增加食味品质,水稻的穗肥追肥时间不应晚于出穗前25 d.