不同脱水方式对马拉巴栗种子脱水敏感性和膜脂过氧化的影响

研究在不同脱水速率下，马拉巴栗种子的脱水敏感性与膜脂过氧化的关系。结果表明，在脱水过程中，种子的萌发率、活力指数、出苗率逐渐下降，相对电导率、膜脂过氧化产物MAD含量、POD活性逐渐上升，SOD活性、种子内源ABA含量在脱水初期增加，然后下降。比较3种脱水速率对种子生活力的影响发现，经硅胶脱水后的种子表现出脱水敏感性较低，其次是KNO3脱水和NaCl脱水。因此，快速脱水有利于改善马拉巴栗种子的贮藏寿命。     

A review of the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on nursery stock quality and performance

This paper presents the experimental evidence on the effects of desiccation, low and high temperatures, rough handling, root loss and storage between lifting and planting on plant quality and performance. The review concentrates on the impact of these stresses on outplanting performance; their effect on seedling properties, such as root growth potential and root electrolyte leakage, is also described. Stresses most often happen in combination but there is relatively little information on their interactions. Examples of desiccation plus rough handling, cold storage plus desiccation, frost damage plus freeze storage and the triple stress of desiccation, heating and rough handling are presented. The limited evidence on the cumulative effect of stresses suggests tentatively that damage from rough handling does not accumulate in the same way as damage from desiccation and prolonged storage. Factors affecting stress resistance are briefly reviewed.There are three impediments to producing a critical review of the literature: experimental treatments, particularly of desiccation and rough handling, can rarely be directly compared; the impact of stress treatments can be modified by a large number of factors, and the levels of stress have seldom been quantified in normal forestry practice. The first two problems also make it difficult to formulate general statements concerning critical thresholds for the stresses. However, instruments are now available for measuring and monitoring stresses between lifting and planting and it is, in theory, possible to model the effects of these stresses to take account of the many factors that modify their impact on seedling survival and growth. This offers the possibility of significant improvements in our ability to predict the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on seedling performance.     

杉木、马尾松裸根苗水分关系研究

Water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.)and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition.the results showed that masson pine had a lower osmotic potential(-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor(-1.29Mpa),compared with Chinese fir(-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively).The parameter Vp/Vo(63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of chinese fir (58.03%).This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation,compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters.Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure.The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours.Water potentials of -1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.     

顽拗性种子脱水敏感性研究进展

植物种子的脱水敏感性研究对种质资源的引种栽培和迁地保护具有重要意义。本研究综合评述了不同植物种子,尤其是具有休眠特性的顽拗性种子的脱水敏感性,归纳了顽拗性种子脱水耐性的模型构建、生态适应性策略、贮藏条件、脱水敏感性的发生调控机制等,并对顽拗性种子未来的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为顽拗性种子的贮藏及物种生物多样性保护研究提供有价值的信息。     

渭北旱塬果园土壤干燥化生态修复方式效应研究

【目的】探讨不同生态修复方式对渭北旱塬果园土壤水分和果树光合特性的影响。【方法】2012-05-12,以地处渭北旱塬的陕西陇县梁甫村10年生红富士苹果园为研究对象,设置秸秆覆盖、起垄覆膜、微孔梯度深层集水、秸秆覆盖+起垄覆膜、秸秆覆盖+微孔梯度深层集水、起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水、起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖7个处理,以裸地为对照(CK),于7-11月每月30号采集果园0~2m土层土样测定土壤含水量,8-9月每月30号测定果树叶片光合特性。【结果】各处理0~2m土层土壤平均含水量均高于对照,其中以起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖处理的效果最好,其0~1m土层土壤含水量比对照提高9.83%,1~2m土层土壤含水量比对照提高7.91%,其次是秸秆覆盖+微孔梯度深层集水处理,其0~1和1~2m土层土壤含水量分别比对照增加8.55%和7.40%;不同生态修复方式均能明显提高苹果树的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs),且均以起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖处理最高,其Pn、Tr、Gs分别比对照提高了18.46%,0.90%和52.94%。各生态修复处理的Pn均与对照差异达极显著水平(P0.01),而在Tr和Gs中,除起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖和秸秆覆盖+微孔梯度深层集水处理与对照差异达显著水平(P0.05)外,其他处理均与对照差异不显著。Pn、Tr、Gs与土壤含水量呈正相关线性关系。【结论】微孔梯度深层集水方式与地表覆盖方式相结合能够大幅度提高土壤水分含量,影响果树光合特性,其中以起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖方式效果最好,可作为改善果园土壤干燥化的方法加以利用。     

微波干燥蚕茧的工艺研究

采用不同质量比功率、铺放厚度和分段干燥等方式,对微波干燥蚕茧工艺进行了研究。结果表明:质量比功率对微波干燥影响较大,而铺放厚度对微波干燥影响较小;质量比功率大于8W/g时,出现茧内蛹体破裂,会影响蚕茧干燥质量;采用分段干燥有利于干燥过程的进行;微波干燥可提高蚕茧干燥效率和茧丝洁净度。     

Characterization and genetic mapping of eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), a cutin deficient barley mutant with impaired leaf water retention capacity

The cuticle covers the aerial parts of land plants, where it serves many important functions, including water retention. Here, a recessive cuticle mutant, eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) showed abnormally glossy spikes, sheaths, and leaves. The cer-ym mutant plant detached from its root system was hypersensitive to desiccation treatment compared with wild type plants, and detached leaves of mutant lost 41.8% of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration under laboratory conditions, while that of the wild type plants lost only 7.1%. Stomata function was not affected by the mutation, but the mutant leaves showed increased cuticular permeability to water, suggesting a defective leaf cuticle, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. The mutant leaves showed a substantial reduction in the amounts of the major cutin monomers and a slight increase in the main wax component, suggesting that the enhanced cuticle permeability was a consequence of cutin deficiency. cer-ym was mapped within a 0.8 cM interval between EST marker {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK370363","term_id":"326489160","term_text":"AK370363"}}AK370363 and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK251484","term_id":"151420132","term_text":"AK251484"}}AK251484, a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H. The results indicate that the desiccation sensitivity of cer-ym is caused by a defect in leaf cutin, and that cer-ym is located in a chromosome 4H pericentromeric region.     

黄皮种子在萌发过程中脱水敏感性变化的研究

在萌发过程中，黄皮完整种子的干、鲜重变化，干燥处理时的脱水速度和脱水敏感性变化都与其离体胚轴明显不同，子叶树于延缓胚轴耐水性的丧失可能起重要作用，胚根突破种皮的时期不是其耐脱水性丧失的时期，而与正常性种子在萌发过程中的耐脱水性变化模式相区别。     

黄土旱塬农业生态系统土壤深层水分消耗与水分生态环境效应

研究了渭北旱塬不同土地利用方式下大田土壤深层剖面含水率的变化特征，并与长期田间定位试验结果进行比较。结果发现，不同土地利用方式能显著影响土壤深层含水率状况，各种方式对土壤深层水消耗能力的排序是15龄苹果园＞15龄人工苜蓿＞10龄苹果园＞刺槐幼林＞高产农田＞20年撂荒地＞5龄苹果园＞裸地。10龄苹果园剖面剩余含水率分布接近高产农田，而15龄苹果园土壤剩余含水率低于高产农田，说明10龄到15龄苹果树耗水量显著增大，超过高产农田作物消耗的水分，导致土壤深层水分进一步消耗。由于塬面大部分耕地是高产农田与苹果园，土壤深层含水率普遍处于较低水平。苹果树的大面积种植加快了土壤深层水分消耗，最终可能影响这一区域的陆地水循环。