造林初植密度对翅荚木幼龄林木材热值影响的研究

为了研究造林初植密度对翅荚木木材热值等的影响,笔者采用造林初植密度试验与木材采样测试相结合的方法对幼龄翅荚木的生长量、生物量、热值等进行研究。结果表明：4年生翅荚木胸径、树高、生物量等生长量密度效应显著。木材热值密度效应不显著,当翅荚木造林初植密度为10001~40002株/hm2时,其单木热值约18200 J/g;当初植密度为3334~6667株/hm2时,其单木热值约19000 J/g。当翅荚木造林初植密度达40002株/hm2时,4年生翅荚木每hm2生物量达94.2 t,生物总量相当于58.69 t标煤。翅荚木是较好的纤维能源植物。     

Addition of citric acid to enhance the bioleaching chalcopyrite tailings

The effect of mixed sulphur bacilli on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite tailings in shake flask and the effect of different citric acid concentrations and slurry densities on leaching tailings are studied. The results show that the concentration of citric acid in a certain range can promote chalcopyrite tailings bioleaching, and the highest of leaching rate is 44.8%. The citric acid concentration and slurry density directly affect the oxidation activity of bacteria and the effect of leaching.     

密度对红豆草农艺性状和种子产量的影响

为了合理利用空间资源,提高红豆草种子产量,试验以奇台红豆草为材料,设置不同的种植密度,通过对株高、分枝数、荚果数、千粒重、种子产量等指标的测量,探寻密度与红豆草生殖格局的关系。试验结果表明,种植密度30 cm×25 cm时,单株花序数、荚果数、千粒重和种子产量最高,依次是81.1个、839.2个、23.8 g、1995.8 kg/hm²。通过相关性分析,种子产量与千粒重呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.631;种子产量与单株荚果数呈极显著正相关,相关系数高达0.998。     

机插密度与施氮量对超级杂交籼稻‘准两优527’源库特性的影响

为探明不同机插密度与施氮量下超级杂交籼稻源库特性。在机插条件下,于2012年以超级杂交籼稻‘准两优527’为供试材料,研究密度与施氮量对超级杂交籼稻源库特性的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,移栽—孕穗和抽穗—成熟阶段的作物生长率以及群体总作物生长率、抽穗期叶面积指数、光合势、拔节—抽穗阶段叶面积比率均有增加的趋势,拔节—孕穗阶段的叶源总量值、总颖花量和总库容量亦有相同规律,而高效叶面积率、有效叶面积率和粒叶比刚好相反,但当施氮量超过150 kg/hm2时,孕穗—抽穗阶段的作物生长率和净同化率以及叶源总量值、单茎茎鞘重、叶绿素相对含量、冠层光合有效辐射截获率有下降的趋势。随着机插密度的降低,拔节—抽穗阶段的作物生长率和总作物生长率、孕穗期的叶绿素相对含量、高效叶面积率和有效叶面积率均呈增加趋势,拔节—孕穗阶段的光合势和净同化率及叶源总量值、总颖花量和总库容量亦增加,而抽穗—成熟阶段的作物生长率、孕穗—抽穗阶段的净同化率刚好相反,但当机插密度低于20.83万穴/hm2后,最大叶面积指数、孕穗—抽穗阶段的叶源总量值、冠层光合有效辐射截获率、抽穗期的叶绿素相对含量、拔节期的单茎茎鞘重和粒叶比随密度降低呈降低趋势。实粒数/叶面积与饱粒千粒重呈显著负相关,而与结实率呈显著正相关;最大群体叶面积指数、总颖花数、千粒重、总库容量与产量呈显著正相关。由此得出,提高氮肥施用量,降低机插密度,能够改善超级杂交籼稻‘准两优527’的源库质量,但过量施氮,机插密度太高或太低,反而会造成源库质量下降,导致产量下降。     

Effect of Tillage and Plant Residue Management Practices on Shrinkage of a Vertisol

A study was carried out to determine the effects of different tillage and plant residue management practices on different soil moisture and shrink-swell properties of a Vertisol (very fine, semctitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert (with less than 1 % slope). The core samples were collected in July (after harvesting of lentil) and in November (after planting of wheat) 1993. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that T2 tends to give higher water holding capacity and available moisture than T1. Immediate incorporation of plant residue (R1) tends to increase the bulk density and to decrease soil specific volume and void ratio when compared to late incorporation treatment (R2). In general, the two tillage treatments tend to decrease moisture availability, shrinkage characteristics, soil specific volume, and void ratio. They also tend to increase the soil shrinkage (subsidence and cracks volume) and bulk density. Chisel plough is recommended in Vertisols, if it is to be used before the rainfall.     

Effect of Tillage System on Soil Strength and Bulk Density of Vertisols

Improving the soil environment for seedling emergence and plant growth is possible using a good tillage system. From March 1993 until June 1994, the effect of tillage system and plant residue incorporation practices on the bulk density and the soil strength of the surface layer of a vertisol (very fine, smectitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert), on a less than 1 % slope, was investigated. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that R1 gave significantly higher bulk density than R2, while the different tillage treatments had no significant effect. Soil strength was significantly lower under T1 and R2 than under the other treatments.     

丹东地区种植冬油菜可行性试验

通过对冬油菜品种的适应性、播种时间、种植密度等内容进行试验对比,确定陇油6号适于在丹东地区种植,其越冬成活率受环境因素影响较大;冬油菜越冬能力最强为叶龄8叶左右,适宜播种时间为8月末,种植密度为每5.0万~6.0万株/666.7 m~2。     

乙矮合剂对不同密度夏玉米花粒期叶片氮素同化与早衰的影响

为探讨乙矮合剂调控夏玉米氮素同化和防止后期早衰的生理机制,为建立华北夏玉米区密植高产稳产化学调控技术提供理论依据,2013—2014年在中国农业科学院新乡试验站,以中单909和浚单20为材料,设置乙矮合剂(ECK)和密度梯度处理,研究密度梯度对花后玉米穗位叶氮同化特征和早衰的影响,以及ECK的化学调控效应。结果表明,灌浆期(花后0~40 d),穗位叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性随密度增加而显著下降;灌浆后期(花后30~40 d),谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性随种植密度增加而显著降低。穗位叶叶绿素相对含量、可溶性蛋白含量和游离氨基酸含量在灌浆中后期(花后20~40 d)随种植密度增加而显著降低;两品种产量在7.5万株hm–2密度达最大值,7.5~10.5万株hm–2密度群体产量下降,高密群体易发生早衰。ECK处理显著提高了各密度群体灌浆中后期(花后20~40 d)穗位叶NR活性、GS活性、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量;显著提高了高密群体(7.5~10.5万株hm–2)GOT活性和GPT活性;较高密群体下(7.5~10.5万株hm–2),中单909和浚单20较各自对照的增产幅度分别为5.59%~6.63%和6.73%~8.10%。ECK处理提高了高密群体夏玉米穗位叶片氮代谢关键酶活性及其产物含量,保证密植群体氮代谢正常进行,有效防止早衰及提高产量。综上所述,采用合理的种植密度并结合喷施乙矮合剂可作为华北夏玉米区高产栽培的重要技术措施。     

相位损耗对Jaynes-Cummings模型的动力学性质的影响

运用密度算符间距研究了一位于相位损耗腔中大失谐二能级原子与相干光场相互作用系统中原子、光场及系统各态随时间的演化规律,讨论了原子初态、光场的平均光子数和相位损耗对Jaynes-Cummings模型动力学行为的影响.     

随机状态下林分密度调查精度分析

从林木随机分布的角度对林分密度的调查精度进行了相关分析.分析指出,在天然的林分中,林木分布具有一定的随机性,在一定面积的样地中,林木株数服从泊松分布,并得出结论,林分密度调查精度的直接影响因子为调查的林木株数.