大白菜DH0与DH1代群体的遗传稳定性分析

以游离小孢子培养获得的HY大白菜DH0代及其自交后代DH1群体与HY(F1),共33份材料为试验材料,调查了其株高、球茎和外叶数3个农艺性状,发现不同的株系性状分离较大。同时采用RAPD技术分析了2代之间的遗传稳定性。从106条RAPD随机引物中筛选出33条重复性好并且具有多态性的引物,进行扩增。从33份材料中扩增了206条带,其中多态带为136条(66.1%)。通过系统聚类分析,DH0代及其子代DH1代遗传关系近,绝大部分能优先聚在一起。说明纯合的小孢子植株单株性状在遗传中很少发生变异,具有很好的遗传稳定性。     

Occurrence of prophage and historical perspectives associated with the dissemination of huanglongbing in mainland China

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non-culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2-1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2-2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents.     

乌苏里瓦韦(Lepisorus ussuriensis(Regel et Maack)Ching)孢子诱导再生植株的研究

乌苏里瓦韦是一种民间常用的药用蕨类植物,本研究首次建立一种以乌苏里瓦韦孢子为外植体形成完整植株的体系,得到了乌苏里瓦韦体外扩增的方法。为了探究最佳的孢子萌发条件,设计使用6种NAA和6-BA激素组合探究孢子的最佳萌发条件,然后取孢子萌发得到的乌苏里瓦韦叶片,分别接种到不同浓度的NAA和活性炭的组合培养基中,探究乌苏里瓦韦生根的最佳条件。结果表明,乌苏里瓦韦孢子的最佳萌发条件是:1/2MS培养基为基本培养基,附加NAA 0.2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂7 g/L;生根的最佳条件为:1/2MS培养基为基本培养基,附加NAA 0.4 mg/L,蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂7 g/L,活性炭1.5 g/L。本研究首次报道了乌苏里瓦韦的体外繁殖形成完整再生植株的方法,为乌苏里瓦韦的人工繁殖,同时为乌苏里瓦韦的可持续开发利用打下坚实基础。     

水牛卵母细胞孤雌激活及孤雌胚与体外受精胚发育比较

比较了水牛卵母细胞体外成熟时间对孤雌激活胚发育能力的影响,以及不同化学激活方法对水牛卵母细胞孤雌激活效果的影响,并在相同条件下,对孤雌激活胚与体外受精胚的发育能力进行了比较.结果表明,水牛卵母细胞体外成熟27 h或30 h的囊胚发育率(19.0%、17.7%)明显高于体外成熟21 h或24h的囊胚发育率(12.3%、13.8%);Ion联合6-DMAP激活水牛卵母细胞的效果优于其他几组激活方法;在相同条件下,孤雌激活胚与体外受精胚的发育能力存在着差异,其中卵裂率差异不显著,但孤雌激活胚的囊胚发育率显著高于体外受精胚.     

Price cointegration in spatial markets: An application to milkfish markets in Taiwan

Abstract

The objectives of this study are to analyze the interdependent behavior of lead‐lag milkfish price adjustments between vertically‐related markets (from production to consumption) as well as between five major horizontally‐related wholesale markets. Empirical results show that there is a two‐way lead‐lag cointegrating price relationship between milkfish wholesale and retail markets. Since the fish wholesale market cannot completely and quickly assimilate the retail market information, the speed of response of wholesale prices to retail price changes is relatively slow, inducing low pricing efficiency. The Taipei wholesale market appears to cause the greatest leadership impact on the milkfish price formation compared to other wholesale markets in both the long‐run and short‐run. The results also reveal that there is a high degree of integration relationship between the horizontally integrated wholesale markets (Chiayi, Changhwa and Taichung) for milkfish in the southwestern region within a short distance.     

Outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Iceland caused by VHS virus genotype IV

A novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) of genotype IV was isolated from wild lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), brought to a land‐based farm in Iceland, to serve as broodfish. Two groups of lumpfish juveniles, kept in tanks in the same facility, got infected. The virus isolated was identified as VHSV by ELISA and real‐time RT‐PCR. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the glycoprotein (G) gene sequences, may indicate a novel subgroup of VHSV genotype IV. In controlled laboratory exposure studies with this new isolate, there was 3% survival in the I.P. injection challenged group while there was 90% survival in the immersion group. VHSV was not re‐isolated from fish challenged by immersion. In a cohabitation trial, lumpfish infected I.P. (shedders) were placed in tanks with naïve lumpfish as well as naïve Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). 10% of the lumpfish shedders and 43%–50% of the cohabiting lumpfish survived after 4 weeks. 80%–92% of the Atlantic salmon survived, but no viral RNA was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR nor VHSV was isolated from Atlantic salmon. This is the first isolation of a notifiable virus in Iceland and the first report of VHSV of genotype IV in European waters.     

2种LED灯的蓝圆鲹和竹荚鱼渔获比较

为了探索节能减排的海洋捕捞作业方式,在中国沿海海域做了白光（偏绿光）发射二极管（LED）水下灯和蓝紫光LED水下灯集鱼试验。对比2种等光能LED集鱼灯周围蓝圆鲹（Decapterus maruadsi）和竹筴鱼（Trachurus japonicus）的渔获,对渔获数据进行t检验分析表明,白光LED灯对蓝圆鲹的光诱效果显著优于蓝紫光LED灯;白光LED灯对竹筴鱼的光诱效果极显著优于蓝紫光LED灯。海上试验结果证实,在实验室水槽中所得的光诱鱼试验结果对海洋捕捞实践具有很好的指导作用。     

浙北地区利用冬闲虾塘饲养日本对虾的试验

利用饲养南美白对虾的冬闲虾塘 ,采取精养模式养一茬日本对虾 ,可提高围塘养殖的综合效益。本试验的放养密度为 2× 10 4余尾 / 6 6 7m2 ,单产 38.5kg/ 6 6 7m2 ,成活率 2 3.3%。盐度控制在 17以上     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱质谱嗅觉测量联用初探鲢肉的挥发性风味物质

为探明鲢肉挥发性气味特征物质,通过顶空固相微萃取法提取和浓缩了鲢肉中的挥发性物质,并利用气相色谱质谱联用以及气相色谱〖CD*7/9〗嗅觉测量法对气味物质进行了定性分析及气味特征的评价。由8人组成的评价小组通过检测频率法进行嗅觉测量。结果表明,经GCMS分析鉴定得到了29种挥发性气味物质,主要是一些羰基类和醇类化合物,占了总挥发性物质的88%。通过检测频率分析法鉴定出12种化合物具有气味特征,表现为鱼腥、金属、青草、油脂氧化、蘑菇等特征。另外有4种未知物也显示了较强的风味特性,它们协同作用构成了鲢的特殊气味。     

Pectin purified from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel as a natural hatching agent for fish embryos

Pectin is a biodegradable polysaccharide, and it has been recently applied as a gene delivery, drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering agent. In this study, pectin was extracted from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel and characterized. The extraction recovery of pectin form pomelo peel was 14.5%, and it had 72.56% degree of esterification, 1,245.56 equivalent weight, 7.82% methoxyl and 68.27% anhydrouronic acid contents. Use of pomelo pectin as a hatching enhancing agent for fish embryos and its effect on hatching enzyme 1 (ZHE1) was investigated. The pectin‐exposed zebrafish embryos (100 µg/ml) showed significantly (p < .05) higher hatching rate (96.6%) compared with untreated (control) embryos (66.6%) at 60 hpf. The mRNA expression of ZHE1 was also significantly (p < .05) elevated up to 55.6‐fold in pectin‐exposed embryos at 24 hpf. In situ hybridization results revealed remarkably strong expression of ZHE1 in pectin‐exposed embryos compared with the control group. In addition, considerably larger size of the hatching gland was observed in pectin‐exposed larvae than that of the unexposed larvae group. These results clearly indicate that pectin isolated from pomelo peel has an ability to enhance the hatching process of zebrafish embryos via upregulation of ZHE1.