Effect of dietary protein reduction with lysine and methionnine supplementation on growth performance,body composition and total ammonia nitrogen excretion of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

A 63‐day growth trial was undertaken to estimate the effects of supplemented lysine and methionine with different dietary protein levels on growth performance and feed utilization in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six plant‐based practical diets were prepared, and 32CP, 30CP and 28CP diets were formulated to contain 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 crude protein without lysine and methionine supplementation. In the supplementary group, lysine and methionine were added to formulate 32AA, 30AA and 28AA diets with 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 dietary crude protein, respectively, according to the whole body amino acid composition of Grass Carp. In the groups without lysine and methionine supplementation, weight gain (WG, %) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day^?1) of the fish fed 32CP diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed 30CP and 28CP diets, but no significant differences were found between 30CP‐ and 28CP‐diet treatments. WG and SGR of the fish fed 32AA and 30AA diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed 28AA diets, and the performance of grass carp was also significantly improved when fed diets with lysine and methionine supplementation (P < 0.05), and the interaction between dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation was noted between WG and SGR (P < 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05). Two days after total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration test, the values of TAN discharged by the fish 8 h after feeding were 207.1, 187.5, 170.6, 157.3, 141.3 and 128.9 mg kg^?1 body weight for fish fed 32CP, 32AA, 30CP, 30AA, 28CP and 28AA diets, respectively. TAN excretion by grass carp was reduced in plant‐based practical diets with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05). The results indicated that lysine and methionine supplementation to the plant protein sources‐based practical diets can improve growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp, and the dietary crude protein can be reduced from 320 g kg^?1 to 300 g kg^?1 through balancing amino acids profile. The positive effect was not observed at 280 g kg^?1 crude protein level.     

三角帆蚌消化酶的分布特性和晶杆的形态结构

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumineii)隶属瓣鳃纲、真瓣鳃目、蚌科,是我国的特有种[1],也是我国生产淡水珍珠的主要贝类[2],产出的珍珠以其品质高而享誉全球.     

饲料中添加蛋氨酸寡肽对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)生长、饲料利用和蛋白质代谢反应的影响

为研究饲料中添加蛋氨酸寡肽(OMet)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、饲料利用和蛋白质代谢反应的影响,并与在饲料中添加等量的晶体蛋氨酸(CMet)的效果相比,实验以初始体重为(26.0±1.6)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,以鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,设计1个低鱼粉(31.8％)对照饲料(LF).在LF的基础上分别添加0.35％、0.65％和0.95％的晶体蛋氨酸或蛋氨酸寡肽,配制其他6组饲料,并分别命名为CMet 0.35、CMet 0.65、CMet 0.95、OMet 0.35、OMet 0.65和OMet 0.95,养殖周期为8周.结果显示,与LF组相比,OMet组和CMet组大黄鱼的增重率均显著升高,并随着蛋氨酸水平的增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),其中,OMet 0.95组的增重率最高.与CMet组相比,OMet组大黄鱼的增重率和蛋白质效率均显著提高(P＜0.05).不同饲料处理对大黄鱼存活率、饲料系数、体组成(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分)、脏体比和肥满度没有显著影响(P＞0.05).OMet组大黄鱼的肝体比较CMet组显著降低(P＜0.05).饲料中添加晶体或蛋氨酸寡肽显著影响了大黄鱼幼鱼的肝脏谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力,OMet组大黄鱼肝脏中这两种酶的活力均显著高于CMet组的(P＜0.05),蛋氨酸添加水平对大黄鱼肝脏谷草转氨酶活力也有显著影响(P＜0.05).但各饲料处理组之间血清中的血氨浓度和尿素氮含量没有显著差异(P＞0.05).综上所述,等量添加蛋氨酸寡肽比晶体蛋氨酸更能促进大黄鱼幼鱼的生长及其对饲料的利用.     

The effect of taurine supplementation to a plant‐based diet for barramundi (Lates calcarifer) with varying methionine content

The effect of variable taurine inclusion (Tau) (1 g/kg DM to 15 g/kg DM) in the diet of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) on growth and nutrient utilization was investigated at three levels of dietary methionine (Met) supplementation. Diets were fed to juvenile barramundi (starting weight: 26.8 g) twice daily under a restricted pair‐fed regime for a period of 42 days. No significant effect of dietary Tau supply on growth or nutrient utilization was observed at any level of Met inclusion. Numerical variations suggested a positive effect of Tau provision at the mid‐level of supplementation (6–8 g/kg DM). The best‐fit response model (5‐SKM), fitted to the percentage body weight gain data of fish fed diets with an adequate level of Met, suggested a relatively weak pattern of response (R² = 0.183) and predicted a Tau requirement of 5.47 g/kg DM (9.64 g/kg CP) similar to that reported for several other species. It was concluded that taurine appears to be conditionally essential to barramundi, whereby provision in the diet when sulphur amino acid supply is insufficient to meet biosynthetic demands may be beneficial, but that the predicted requirement is likely reasonably accurate for use as a minimum level of inclusion.     

包被蛋氨酸对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢及产绒性能的影响

选用 9只装有瘤胃、十二指肠近端及回肠末端瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊周岁羯羊 ,分 3组处理 (分别在日粮中添加硫酸钠、蛋氨酸和包被蛋氨酸 ) ,研究饲喂包被蛋氨酸对绒山羊小肠氨基酸流通量、氮平衡、绒山羊生产性能及羊绒品质的影响。结果表明 :包被蛋氨酸、蛋氨酸组的十二指肠蛋氨酸流通量 (分别为 ( 5 5 5± 0 4 5 )和 ( 5 12±0 0 2 )g·d-1)和消化率 (分别为 81 98± 2 5 6和 82 0 3± 1 34)显著高于硫酸钠组 (为 ( 3 86± 0 0 2 )和 ( 72 5 4± 2 18)g·d-1) (P <0 0 5 )。包被蛋氨酸组的氮沉积 ( 3 6 9± 1 73)比硫酸钠组 ( 2 4 6± 1 2 5 )和蛋氨酸组 ( 2 4 5± 1 6 7)的氮沉积分别提高了 31 7%和 32 2 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,但各组氮表观消化率无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。包被蛋氨酸组较硫酸钠组显著提高绒山羊日增重、羊绒生长率、羊绒长度和羊绒中必需氨基酸比例 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但各组羊绒细度、羊绒含硫量、羊绒总氨基酸及含硫氨基酸比例无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )     

一株降解结晶纤维素细菌的分离、筛选、鉴定及其产纤维素酶特性

从广西5个自然保护区内采集原始森林深层腐殖土壤等样品147份,采用平板活性筛选法分离得到3500多株能降解结晶纤维素的细菌,并从中筛选到一株能在pH5.0、28℃条件下可高效降解结晶纤维素的细菌菌株N9-1-1.N9-1-1产纤维素酶水解微晶纤维素和纸浆的最适pH、最适温度分别为:4.0、40 ℃和4.5、35 ℃,但对羧甲基纤维素无水解活性.该菌株所产纤维素酶比较符合纤维素同步糖化共发酵工艺生产乙醇的要求.以菌株N9-1-1的总DNA为模板,对其16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增和序列分析,结果表明,菌株N9-1-1的16S rRNA基因序列和粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)的同源性最高,为99%.形态特征观察和生理生化检测结果表明,菌株N9-1-1具有粘质沙雷氏菌的鉴别性特征.因此,将N9-1-1鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens).     

昆虫病原细菌Cip蛋白基因工程菌发酵条件的优化

昆虫病原发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)细菌产生的2种胞内晶体蛋白CipA和CipB已在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中进行稳定表达,为进一步提高该蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达水平,确定工程菌摇瓶培养的最适条件,研究了多种无机离子、装液量、培养基初始pH值、诱导前添加葡萄糖等因素对工程菌摇瓶发酵的影响。结果显示,在发酵培养基中添加10 mmoL/L Mg2+和15 mmoL/LPO43-,调节初始pH值至7.2,装液量为25mL(250mL摇瓶),诱导前添加10g/L葡萄糖时,Cip蛋白的表达量可明显提高,发酵条件优化后CipA和CipB的表达量达到了39%和41%。     

含蛋氨酸二肽影响奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳蛋白合成相关基因表达

本试验旨在研究含蛋氨酸(Met)二肽对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)内乳蛋白合成相关基因表达的影响。试验分3部分,均采用单因子完全随机试验设计,Met的添加浓度及培养时间分别为60μg/m L(0.402 mmol/L)、48 h。第1部分,培养液添加8种含Met二肽[蛋氨酸-蛋氨酸(P-Met-Met)、蛋氨酸-赖氨酸(P-Met-Lys)、蛋氨酸-色氨酸(P-Met-Trp)、蛋氨酸-苯丙氨酸(P-Met-Phe)、蛋氨酸-苏氨酸(P-Met-Thr)、蛋氨酸-异亮氨酸(P-Met-Ile)、蛋氨酸-亮氨酸(P-Met-Leu)、蛋氨酸-缬氨酸(P-Met-Val)],以不添加二肽为对照,测定BMECs乳蛋白合成相关基因(αs1-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白、κ-酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、Ⅱ型小肽转运载体和氨肽酶氮)的表达量;第2部分,培养液添加8种与上述二肽对应的游离氨基酸(F-Met-Met、F-Met-Lys、F-MetTrp、F-M et-Phe、F-M et-Thr、F-M et-Ile、F-M et-Leu、F-M et-Val),以不添加游离氨基酸为对照,测定BM ECs乳蛋白合成相关基因的表达量;第3部分,用二肽等物质的量替代相应游离氨基酸,测定BMECs乳蛋白合成相关基因的表达量以及细胞内外氨肽酶含量。结果表明:P-Met-Met和P-M et-Lys组较对照组和其他二肽组上调了αs1-酪蛋白和β-酪蛋白基因的表达量,且P-M et-M et组优于P-Met-Lys组。F-Met-Met和F-Met-Lys组较对照组和其他游离氨基酸组显著提高了αs1-酪蛋白基因的表达量(P0.05)。除P-Met-Val和P-Met-Leu组外,其他二肽替代游离氨基酸后均不同程度地提高了乳蛋白和Ⅱ型小肽转运载体基因的表达量,其中P-Met-Met表现出较好的促进效果。总之,含Met二肽等量替代对应的游离氨基酸能够促进乳蛋白基因的表达,其中尤以P-Met-Met的效果最好。     

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌胞内晶体蛋白的研究进展

初生型发光杆菌属（Photorhabdus）及嗜线虫致病杆菌属（Xenorhabdus）细菌分别与异小杆线虫属（Heterorhabdltis）和斯氏线虫属（Steinernema）昆虫病原线虫互惠共生。这类昆虫病原细菌在稳定生长期分别产生两种形态各异的胞内晶体蛋白。本文回顾了这类蛋白的研究历史和最新的研究进展，特别是胞内晶体蛋白的理化性质和生物学功能，同时讨论这种晶体蛋白的研究方法与技术。     

蛋氨酸对开产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

以19周龄开产海兰褐蛋鸡为试验动物,采用饲养、屠宰试验和蛋品质分析测定等方法,研究蛋氨酸对开产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:除添加0.4%组部分指标劣于对照组外,各试验组蛋品质均有不同程度提高,且以添加0.2%蛋氨酸水平组影响最显著,较对照组日均产蛋率、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄指数分别提高5.94%、9.0%、9.84%(P<0.05),料蛋比和蛋黄中胆固醇含量降低8.29%和1.67%(P<0.05)。