林木容器育苗碳酸铜化学修根效果比较

采用不同浓度的碳酸铜与乳胶漆配制成混合涂料涂刷育苗容器内壁,进行8个树种的容器苗化学修根试验研究.结果表明,碳酸铜对抑制苗木侧根长度生长、促进侧根数量增加具有显著效果,但对苗木的质量指数无明显影响.在150g·L-1浓度的碳酸铜处理下,化学修根能提高所有供试树种苗木的根系活力,使其更好地吸收土壤水分和养分利其生长;对马尾松、滇柏、刺槐、喜树、猴樟5个树种苗木的叶绿素含量有较明显的提高.培育马尾松、华山松容器苗,碳酸铜浓度可控制在100～150 g·L-1;培育湿地松、滇柏、刺槐、喜树、猴樟、香椿容器苗,碳酸铜浓度可控制在150～200 g·L-1.     

联合喷施壳聚糖与硫酸铜对烤烟化学成分的影响

为了研究喷施壳聚糖和硫酸铜对烤烟的协同效应,以中烟100为供试品种,在烤烟打顶后联合喷施不同浓度的壳聚糖与硫酸铜。结果表明:从常规化学成分含量及其协调性来看,各处理的总氮、氯和烟碱含量均在优质烟叶要求含量范围内,各成分的比例较为协调;从烟叶色素来看,除0.05%壳聚糖和0.1%CuSO_4·5H_2O(T4)处理的各色素含量减少外,其他处理的色素含量均增加;从致香成分来看,T2、T3和T5处理的烟叶致香物质总量增加,而T4处理的致香物质中除4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚含量增加外,其他香味物质含量均不同程度地减少,协调性较差。从整体上看,联合喷施0.05%壳聚糖和0.2%CuSO_4·5H_2O(T5)对烟叶的作用效果最佳,化学成分及比例协调性最好,尤其对类胡萝卜素类致香物质提升作用明显。     

土壤铜、硫污染对苹果幼树生长发育的影响

为确定土壤铜、硫污染对苹果幼树生长发育的影响,以硫铁矿尾矿砂河滩垫地上栽植的苹果幼树为试材,研究土壤中的不同铜硫含量对苹果幼树生长发育的影响.结果表明:土壤中的铜含量≥46.8mg/kg,土壤有效硫含量≥368.7 mg/kg时,苹果幼树的生长发育就会受到抑制;土壤中的铜含量≥53.9mg/kg,土壤有效硫含1量≥538.0 mg/kg时,苹果幼树受毒害甚至死亡.苹果幼树各器官铜含量的分布规律为:根系>叶片>新梢>1年生技>2年生枝>主干,硫含量分布规律为:叶片>根系>新梢>1年生枝>2年生枝>主干.正常树的长、中、短枝数量分别是轻度受害树的2.02,1.37,1.04倍,是重度受害树的3.30,2.22,1.47倍,是受害死亡树的37.60,4.73,2.30倍.生长正常树的花芽数为518个,显著高于轻度受害树的,极显著高于重度受害树的.生长正常树的萌芽率为60.67%,分别是轻度受害树、重度受害树的1.43,2.22倍.     

硫酸铜对海洋微藻生长的影响

本文初步研究了硫酸铜对海洋微藻扁藻、角刺藻、小球藻和角毛藻生长的影响。研究结果表明,硫酸铜抑制不同微藻生长的最低浓度具有种类特异性,在生产实际中可以利用铜的抑制作用来提高微藻的分离效果。     

化学镀Ni-P工艺在高温铜焊接件中应用的研究

本文以发动机喷油泵中的高温铜焊接件为研究对象,着重研究了高温铜焊接对Ni-P镀层的影响。试验表明,铜焊接前先镀覆 Ni-P合金,不影响铜焊质量,经高温(约 1000℃)铜焊接后,表面镀层尚保持相当于镀态的硬度;此外,工作在焊接后再镀覆Ni-P时,铜、镍润湿性好,有助于化学镀覆的进行,加快沉积速度。因此,本研究结果对需采用高温铜焊接工艺,而又要求具有高硬度和一定耐磨性的零件制造,有较大的实用价值。     

尉迟寺遗址文化层铅的地球化学特征及原始冶金文明矿料示踪

古遗址土壤形成物是研究古代人类活动的重要载体。通过对安徽蒙城尉迟寺遗址YC1剖面中Pb、Al等金属元素的分析,研究了Pb在5050cal a BP～4000cal a BP间剖面中的富集特征。结果表明,尉迟寺遗址文化层剖面中的铅富集系数变化范围为1·0～1·8左右,富集程度不是很高。但是随着时间的推移,从大汶口文化到龙山文化,Pb的富集系数有明显逐步上升的趋势,表明遗址剖面中的Pb很可能与原始社会中期发展起来的冶金活动有关。5050～4000cal a BP间,中国先后经历了石器时代、铜石并用时代,到最后进入青铜时代,这个过程中铜资源利用越来越多导致产生的大气粉尘铅越来越多,很可能是YC1剖面中Pb富集系数逐步增长的主要原因。此外,铅同位素结果表明,土壤206Pb/204Pb比值分布在18·3～19·8之间,平均为18·82;207Pb/204Pb比值分布在15·3～16·5之间,平均为15·76;208Pb/204Pb比值分布在38·0～41·0之间,平均为39·04。铅同位素示踪表明,土壤中的铅的来源自5050calaBP至4000calaBP有越来越广的趋势,并且很可能与出自中国南方地区的矿料有关,包括云南、四川、湖北、湖南或广东地区的矿料。     

Microstructure and properties of Mg Gd Y Zr Zn magnesium alloy with lower Gd content

Aiming at Mg Gd magnesium alloy with higher Gd amount may lead to the increase of cost and specific gravity,Mg 6Gd 3Y 0.4Zr x Zn alloys are prepared by solvent protection,Zn content is 1%、1.5%、2% respectively. The microstructures and mechanical properties of alloys are studied by optical microscope (OM)and scanning electron microscope (SEM),after solid solution treatment,hot extrusion and 200 ℃ aging treatment. The results show that after 200 ℃ aging treatment,the second phases in alloys have better refinement and distribution uniformity than those in solid solution state alloys,the tensile strength and yield strength of Mg 6Gd 3Y 0.4Zr 2Zn magnesium alloy is 403MPa and 336MPa,the elongation is 7.0%,the mechanical properties reached or approached those of Mg Gd Y magnesium alloy with higher Gd amount.     

不同消解处理方法测定土壤中铜、锌含量的比较研究

以5种土壤标准样品为试材,比较研究微波消解、高压消解和湿法消解3种不同消解前处理条件下,土壤中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)测定值的准确性。结果表明:3种消解前处理方法的测定值均在其证书标准值范围内,但相较稳定性而言,特别是在对低浓度土壤的测定中,微波消解和高压消解的测定结果比湿法消解的更准确。     

Concentrations of copper, zinc and manganese in Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) at Jixi, Heilongjiang Province, China

Concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) were measured in four tissues of Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) from three sites in Heilongjiang province, China, during four seasons. Among the four measured tissues (primary feathers, liver, heart, and pectoral muscle), the highest concentrations were found in feathers (Zn) or liver (Cu and Mn), and the lowest concentrations were in muscle, except Cu. For Mn, mean concentrations of the birds from the three study sites were, in decreasing order: Didao mining area (DMA) > urban district of Jixi (UDJ) > Phoenix Mountain national nature reserve (PMR, the reference site), but not for Zn and Cu. There were significant differences between metal concentrations at the three sites, but differences were not significant for Mn (in muscle and feathers) and Cu (in feathers). For most elements, the mean concentrations were greatest in summer.     

Barley responses to copper foliar spray concentrations when grown in a calcareous soil

This study was designed to determine the adequate copper (Cu) foliar spray concentration to correct Cu deficiency on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) when grown in a calcareous soil. Five Cu foliar spray solution levels were tested (0% or control; 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.13%, and 0.33%). Copper was applied in the sulfate form at the early boot stage. The results showed that Cu flag leaf concentration was increased with the highest Cu application (0.33%), while Cu concentration in the grain was increased with a spray of 0.03%. An antagonism between Cu, Zn, and Fe leaf concentration was observed. Grain yield and harvest index showed a linear positive response to Cu foliar spray concentrations. A significant increase of 19.6% on grain yield was recorded with a foliar spray 0.33% of Cu.