不同铜源对存储期间大豆油脂氧化酸败的影响

本试验旨在模拟实际生产中8％ 仔猪预混料中油脂与微量元素的添加量,分析不同形式的铜对大豆油油脂氧化指标的影响.将五水硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜和甘氨酸铜3种微量元素原料与大豆油的比例均设定在8.74:1000,与大豆油混合后在高温条件下储放0、10、20、30、40、50、60 d,检测各处理组的酸价、碘价、过氧化值和丙二醛含...     

2种不同耐性青菜品种对铜胁迫响应差异的机制研究

选择具有耐性差异的2个青菜品种火青菜和四月慢为供试材料,通过水培试验考察其对铜的吸收、根系活力、叶绿素、氨基酸和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及铜结合蛋白等生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:四月慢较火青菜对铜有较快的吸收;与四月慢相比,火青菜在铜的胁迫条件下能够产生更多的氨基酸和GSH,并表现出更强的根系活力。根系蛋白凝胶色谱结果显示有2个峰出现,分别为大分子的铜结合蛋白和小分子的Cu-PCs。不同青菜品种对铜耐性的差异与它们的生理生化响应过程有关。     

激光两点冲击强化处理LC4合金的实验

利用激光冲击强化技术对LC4硬铝合金表面进行两点同时冲击和间断冲击强化处理,观察激光冲击强化后单次冲击区域和复合冲击区域的显微组织与结构的变化,测定了冲击区域的显微硬度和残余应力。实验结果表明:两点同时冲击强化复合区域与两点连续冲击复合区域相比,各项机械性能都有较明显的变化,其中硬度提高了9.99%,材料表面0°、45°和90°残余应力(拉应力)分别下降27%、35%和12%,为今后开展金属板料的激光单次多点同时冲击实验提供依据。     

3种常用渔药对攀鲈幼鱼的急性毒性试验

为研究敌百虫、硫酸铜和二氧化氯等3种常用渔药对攀鲈(Anabas testudineus)的急性毒性,在水温(30±1)℃下,采用半静水式试验法进行了3种药物对攀鲈幼鱼[体质量(7.78±1.60)g、全长(7.89±0.44)cm)]的急性毒性试验.结果显示:敌百虫对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度...     

林木容器育苗碳酸铜化学修根效果比较

采用不同浓度的碳酸铜与乳胶漆配制成混合涂料涂刷育苗容器内壁,进行8个树种的容器苗化学修根试验研究.结果表明,碳酸铜对抑制苗木侧根长度生长、促进侧根数量增加具有显著效果,但对苗木的质量指数无明显影响.在150g·L-1浓度的碳酸铜处理下,化学修根能提高所有供试树种苗木的根系活力,使其更好地吸收土壤水分和养分利其生长;对马尾松、滇柏、刺槐、喜树、猴樟5个树种苗木的叶绿素含量有较明显的提高.培育马尾松、华山松容器苗,碳酸铜浓度可控制在100～150 g·L-1;培育湿地松、滇柏、刺槐、喜树、猴樟、香椿容器苗,碳酸铜浓度可控制在150～200 g·L-1.     

腐蚀条件下中碳合金钢冲击磨损特性及机理

中碳合金钢经适当热处理后,得到M＋B＋AR复相组织,在冲击腐蚀磨损条件下研究其磨损特性和机理。结果表明：中碳合金钢的耐磨性随冲击功增加而明显下降;剥落裂纹起源于表面,在亚表层中扩展;冲击功由2．0J增至3．5J,中碳合金钢在冲击腐蚀条件下的磨损失效机制由以浅层剥落为主向以深层剥落为主转变。     

铜驯化后酵母菌发酵对象草营养成分的影响

为探究经铜驯化及富集铜后的酵母菌对象草的发酵效果及营养成分的影响,采用逐步提高培养液铜浓度获得的耐铜酵母菌(CTY)、在最佳富集铜浓度下富集铜获得的富铜酵母菌(CRY)、常用的青贮发酵料菌剂微贮剂(MSR)对象草进行厌氧发酵。发酵后,与空白组(C)相比,MSR、中耐铜酵母菌(MCTY)和高耐铜酵母菌(HCTY)组中粗灰分的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。HCTY组无氮浸出物含量显著升高(P<0.05)。MCTY组和CRY组总磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),MCTY组中的甘氨酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),CRY组的脯氨酸含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与MSR相比,低耐铜酵母菌(LCTY)组干物质显著升高(P<0.05),总能显著降低(P<0.05),MCTY组的组氨酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验表明,经铜驯化及富集铜后,酵母菌对象草仍具有较好的发酵作用,可有效提高象草饲料的营养品质。     

Investigation and genome-wide association study of grain copper content in Chinese common wheat

Copper is a necessary trace mineral for the human body, and its deficiency threatens human health. Here, a panel of 243 Chinese wheat cultivars from five replications was used to measure the grain copper content (GCC) by atomic absorption spectrometry. Phenotypic analysis results revealed that the averaged GCC of surveyed cultivars ranged from 6.81 to 11.36 mg/kg with an average of 9.23 mg/kg. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) indicated that a total of 489 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significant, explaining 10.1%–32.6% of the phenotypic variation and were mainly distributed on chromosomes 2A and 5A. Further analysis indicated that GCC_Hap_2A1, GCC_Hap_3B1, and GCC_Hap_5A1 may be important genetic loci that regulate GCC in wheat. Linkage mapping using a bi-parental population detected four QTLs on 1D, 6A, 6B, and 7D, explaining 8.66%, 7.55%, 8.21%, and 4.71% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Additionally, two of the significant SNPs were located on 1D, as detected by GWAS, and were within the interval of QGCC.hau-1D, suggesting that this locus plays an important role in regulating wheat GCC. This study dissected the genetic mechanism of GCC in wheat and provides useful information for the utilization of high-GCC wheat germplasm by marker-assisted selection in wheat quality breeding.     

铜吸收与代谢的研究进展

铜是人和动物必需的微量元素之一,在机体生长和发育过程中发挥着重要作用。文章就铜在动物体内的分布、吸收、转运及排泄途径进行综述。     

Soil organic carbon and microbial communities respond to vineyard management

The farming practices in vineyards vary widely, but how does this affect vineyard soils? The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vineyard management practices on soil organic matter and the soil microbial community. To this end, we investigated three adjacent vineyards in the Traisen valley, Austria, of which the soils had developed on the same parent material and under identical environmental/site conditions but were managed differently (esp. tillage, fertilizer application, cover crops) for more than 10 yrs. We found that topsoil bulk density (BD) decreased with increasing tillage intensity, while subsoil BD showed the opposite trend. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in 0–50 cm depth increased from 10 kg m^?2 in an unfertilized and frequently tilled vineyard to 17 kg m^?2 in a regularly fertilized but less intensively tilled vineyard. Topsoil microbial biomass per unit SOC, estimated by the sum of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), followed this trend, albeit not statistically significantly. Principal component analysis of PLFA patterns revealed that the microbial communities were compositionally distinct between different management practices. The fungal PLFA marker 18:2ω6,9 was highest in the vineyard with the lowest amount of extractable Cu (by 0.01 m CaCl₂), and the bacterial‐to‐fungal biomass ratio was positively correlated with extractable Cu. Our results indicate that tillage and fertilizer application of vineyards can strongly affect vineyard soil properties such as BD and SOC stocks and that the application of Cu‐based fungicides may impair soil fungal communities.