甘氨酸铜替代硫酸铜对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化参数和粪铜排放的影响

研究了日粮添加低剂量甘氨酸铜替代硫酸铜对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化参数及粪铜排放量的影响,以确定甘氨酸铜替代硫酸铜在断奶仔猪上的饲喂效果.结果表明,与200 mg/kg硫酸铜组相比,100 mg/kg甘氨酸铜组平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和腹泻率等指标均未见显著差异;与其他两组相比,50 mg/kg甘氨酸铜组日增重显著降低、料重比显著升高.各处理组血清铜和铁的含量均无显著差异;100 mg/kg甘氨酸铜组血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶的活性显著高于其他两处理组.50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg甘氨酸铜处理组粪中铜含量显著低于200 mg/kg硫酸铜组;各处理组粪中铁和锌的含量均未见显著差异.结果提示,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加100 mg/kg的甘氨酸铜可有效替代200 mg/kg的硫酸铜,甘氨酸铜的使用可大幅度减少饲料中铜的添加量,降低铜排泄对环境的污染.     

提高中碳铁基自熔性合金热喷焊层硬度的研究

中碳铁基自熔性合金热喷焊层的硬度,一般只能达到HRC45～48,因而局限了它的应用范围。对铁基301合金粉末热喷焊层进行固溶处理和时效处理,使其硬度增值增高了4～8个HRC硬度单位,提高了喷焊层的耐磨性能,同时改善了热喷焊层的组织和性能。为中碳铁基自熔性合金热喷焊层的热处理工艺,提出了重要的理论依据;为扩大中碳铁基自熔性合金的应用范围,充分发挥其技术效果、经济效益和社会效益,提供了一条新的途径。     

Nb含量对TiAl-Nb合金相组成及氧化动力学的影响

对4种铸态TiAl-Nb合金进行显微组织观察和X射线分析，结果表明，不同的Nb含量对其相组成及组织形态都有不同程度的影响。用热重法研究了这4种TiAl基合金在1000℃、100h的循环氧化行为。通过对每个成分的合金氧化动力学曲线分析，发现含铌量适中的钛铝基合金的抗氧化性较好。     

硫酸铜对海洋微藻生长的影响

本文初步研究了硫酸铜对海洋微藻扁藻、角刺藻、小球藻和角毛藻生长的影响。研究结果表明,硫酸铜抑制不同微藻生长的最低浓度具有种类特异性,在生产实际中可以利用铜的抑制作用来提高微藻的分离效果。     

日粮铜水平对铁,锌生物效价影响的研究

给猪喂以三种不同铜水平的日粮,在７０ｄ饲养试验的期中和期末两个阶段对猪血液生化指标检测的结果显示：随着日粮铜水平的提高,猪血清铁,锌含量,血清碱性磷酸酶活性和血红蛋白浓度都极显著地下降,这表明日粮高铜影响铁,锌的吸收和利用。日粮高铜也能促进前期猪生长和提高饲料利用率,但对中期猪的促生长效率应下降。     

Fe、Zn、Cu不同组合对岩原鲤生长、体组成和血清生化指标的影响

试验选用体长(8.16±0.14)cm,体重(7.91±0.12)g的岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi),经76 d的养殖试验,研究添加Fe、Zn、Cu不同组合水平的7组实用日粮对岩原鲤生长、体营养组成和血清生化指标的影响。试验鱼种630尾,随机分成7个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。结果显示:饲料中添加Fe、Zn、Cu能够提高岩原鲤的生长性能和抗氧化能能力。当Fe、Zn、Cu的添加量分别为140、50、5 mg/kg时,增重率、特定生长率、饲料蛋白质效率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)最高,饲料系数最低。适量添加Fe、Zn、Cu能够显著提高岩原鲤的免疫能力。当Fe、Zn、Cu的添加量分别为200、90、4 mg/kg时岩原鲤血清溶菌酶活力最高。结果表明,岩原鲤饲料中Fe、Zn、Cu的最适添加量分别为140、50、5 mg/kg。     

硫酸铜对栉孔扇贝急性毒性胁迫研究

探讨了硫酸铜对栉孔扇贝的24、48、72、96 h的毒性,并计算出硫酸铜对栉孔扇贝的24、48、72、96 h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为(0.32±0.099)mg/L、(0.112±0.022)mg/L、(0.074±0.005)mg/L、(0.063±0.005)mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.012 mg/L...     

Quantitative dietary copper requirement of juvenile Siberian sturgeon,Acipenser baerii,and effects on muscle composition and some enzymatic activities

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to quantify dietary copper (Cu) requirement of juvenile Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to provide actual dietary copper values of 1.8, 5.7, 10.1, 15.9 and 28.3 mg Cu per kg diet. Experimental diets were fed to the Siberian sturgeon (27.57 ± 0.24 g) in triplicate to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly increased with increasing dietary Cu level up to 10.1 mg/kg and then decreased with further increases in dietary Cu level (p < .05). The Cu concentration in the liver and cartilage was positively correlated with the respective concentrations in the diet (p < .05), while muscle and serum Cu concentrations remained significantly unchanged (p > .05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase had the highest activities in serum of fish fed with 15.9 and 28.3 mg Cu per kg diet, respectively. Analysis by the broken‐line regression of SGR, crude protein content and superoxide activity demonstrated that the optimum dietary Cu requirements in juvenile Siberian sturgeon were 9.51, 9.58 and 16.10 mg/kg diet, respectively.     

Effectiveness of copper sulphate,potassium permanganate and peracetic acid to reduce mortality and infestation of Ichthyobodo necator in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818)

Ichthyobodo necator is a single‐celled biflagellate parasite, which in high density can cause significant mortality in young fish. Copper sulphate (CuSO₄), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and peracetic acid (PAA) were evaluated for effectiveness against ichthyobodosis. Treatments were: untreated control, 2.1 mg L^?1CuSO₄, 3.0 mg L^?1 KMnO₄, 1.5 mg L^?1 PAA and 3.0 mg L^?1 PAA, and were applied to flow‐through tanks on three consecutive days. The study was designed to simulate the flow‐through systems utilized in the commercial rearing of juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Mortality was monitored daily to compare survival rate among treatments. Parasite intensity was assessed pre chemical exposure and 20–24 h after the third application to determine effectiveness of the treatment. An assessment was also done 7 days post application to investigate possible reoccurrence. Copper sulphate, KMnO₄ and PAA (3.0 mg L^?1) significantly reduced the infestation rate of I. necator. Copper sulphate significantly improved the survival of I. necator infested channel catfish after three flow‐through applications compared with the untreated control. The 3.0 mg L^?1 PAA resulted in significantly lower survival than the untreated control, the 1.5 mg L^?1 PAA and the KMnO₄ were not statistically different from the untreated control.     

不同铜源对育成期乌苏里貉生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同铜源对育成期乌苏里貉生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响。随机选取(60±5)日龄、健康的雄性乌苏里貉60只,随机分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只。在基础饲粮中分别添加硫酸铜(Ⅰ组)、碱式氯化铜(Ⅱ组)、混合铜(Ⅲ组,碱式氯化铜和蛋氨酸铜,添加比例为1∶1,以铜元素计)和蛋氨酸铜(Ⅳ组),添加水平均为40 mg/kg。预试期7 d,正试期55 d。每组选取8只动物进行消化代谢试验。试验结束后,每只动物后肢静脉采血。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组的末重和平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),各组间料重比和平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)Ⅱ组的粗脂肪消化率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组的铜消化率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),干物质消化率、粗蛋白质消化率各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)粪氮、尿氮含量及氮沉积各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组的粪铜含量显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。Ⅳ组尿铜含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组的铜沉积显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ组血清中总蛋白含量显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清尿素氮含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其余血清生化指标各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,饲粮中混合添加适宜水平的碱式氯化铜和蛋氨酸铜,可提高育成期乌苏里貉生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮沉积和铜沉积,更有利于其生长发育。