Barriers to hybridization of Solanum bulbocastanum Dun. and S. Verrucosum Schlechtd. and structural hybridity in their F1 plants

Summary Results of reciprocal crosses between Solanum verrucosum (2n=2x=24) and S. bulbocastanum (2n=2x=24) are described in terms of pollen tube behaviour in styles, of berry and seed set, of fertility and of meiotic behaviour of the F₁ hybrids. Pollen tube growth of S. verrucosum is strongly inhibited in styles of S. bulbocastanum, whereas no inhibition is observed in the reciprocal cross. Therefore S. bulbocastanum x S. verrucosum fails to set berries or seeds, whereas the reciprocal cross produces both berries (54.4% berry set) and seeds (0.3 per berry). Only 14.6% of the seeds germinate. Both the diploid and corresponding tetraploid hybrid plants are vigorous, flower abundantly, have a rather regular meiosis (mainly rod bivalents), but show a high degree of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility. Crossability of the diploid hybrid plants is nil when used as pollen parents and near to zero when used as pistillate parents. The barriers to hybridization of the parent species (unilateral inhibition of pollen tube growth, somatoplastic sterility, cytoplasmic-genic male sterility and structural differences of the parental chromosomes) are discussed and methods are suggested to overcome these barriers.     

秸秆燃气技术在养鱼温室中的应用前景

中国生物质能资源的贮量较为丰富，在中国总的能源消耗中，尤其在中国农村能源消耗中，所占的比重较大。为了合理和有效地开发生物质能资源，中国积极开发沼气、省柴灶和气化等能源技术。将来，秸秆气化气将作为一种洁净的能源被广泛采用。在黑龙江省的某些地区，秸秆气化养鱼温室技术将成为一种极具潜力的生物能利用方式，并会取得明显的能源、环境和经济效益。     

南水北调东线工程泵站技术管理模式研究

以南水北调东线工程准市场化运作为背景 ,以合理性、经济性和可靠性为目标 ,以江苏省江水北调工程泵站技术管理为基础 ,从管理体制、运行管理、日常管理、维护检修等方面研究南水北调东线工程大型梯级泵站的技术管理模式与方法。研究结果对提高工程调水可靠性、经济性和工程的可持续发展有一定意义。     

橄榄小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora)的生物学特性研究

橄榄小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora)是导致采后橄榄果实腐烂的主要病原菌,本文研究了pH、温度、光照、碳源、氮源等条件对橄榄小孢拟盘多毛孢菌落生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,橄榄小孢拟盘多毛孢生长最适pH为6,最适温度24~26℃;产孢最适pH为7,最适温度24~26℃,光暗交替条件下产孢量最多;以D-果糖、甘露醇为碳源和以蛋白胨为氮源的培养基最有利于橄榄小孢拟盘多毛孢菌丝的生长,以葡萄糖、蔗糖为碳源和以蛋白胨为氮源的培养基最有利于该菌产孢;分生孢子萌发最适pH为6,最适温度26~28℃,全黑暗条件下孢子萌发率最高;该菌菌丝致死温度为54℃(30 min),分生孢子致死温度为56℃(20 min)。     

广谱植物内生真菌枫香拟茎点霉生态功能的研究进展

旨在证明枫香拟茎点霉(Phomopsis liquidambari)有潜力成为广谱内生菌的模式菌株之一,有利于促进内生真菌与宿主植物之间的研究更加系统化、完整化。本研究综述了一株广谱植物内生真菌P.liquidambari在改善土壤化学特性,修复受污染的土壤,优化农业生态,提高农作物产量方面的作用。并从真菌定殖情况、植物生理响应和土壤环境优化三个方面,将该菌株与当前研究较多的印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)进行比较,并展望了P.liquidambari的研究前景。     

不同栽培模式下水稻各生育期光合生理指标的比较研究

为明确膜下滴灌与常规水作栽培的光合生理差异。通过对膜下滴灌和淹灌2种栽培模式下,4个水稻品系(T-04、T-43、T-66、T-69)在分蘖、孕穗、抽穗、乳熟、蜡熟期倒一叶的光合色素含量、光合-叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节物质含量等光合生理指标的测定分析。结果表明:滴灌模式下,4个参试材料在5个关键生育期的蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、光合速率(Pn)均低于淹灌,胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)总体上略低于淹灌,大部分时期差异不显著(P0.05);叶绿素荧光参数、光系统Ⅱ有效量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、最大荧光(Fm)、暗适应光系统Ⅱ最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)总体上低于淹灌,大部分时期差异不显著,最小荧光(Fo)高于淹灌,荧光淬灭系数(q P、NPQ)在2种栽培模式下差异不大,叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性总体上低于淹灌,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在2种栽培模式下差异不显著,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量总体上高于淹灌,可溶性蛋白(SP)含量总体上低于淹灌,可溶性糖(SS)含量差异不显著。水稻膜下滴灌栽培整个生育期均无水层覆盖,可能受到水分胁迫,导致其整个生育期大部分光合生理指标均低于淹灌。     

遮阴对珠子参生长发育及光合生理特性的影响

为探明遮阴对珠子参生长发育和光合生理特性的影响,对盆栽珠子参分别采取全光照、30%遮阴和50%遮阴3种处理。在珠子参生长90天后,考察各处理下珠子参植物学性状、生理指标和光合特性。结果表明,与全光照相比,30%遮阴处理下珠子参株高、主茎粗、果实数、根茎直径、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性增加,地下根茎节间长度和叶MDA含量减小。遮阴处理后珠子参净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)低于全光照处理,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则高于全光照处理。遮阴有效地缓解了珠子参的“午休”并降低了光抑制,其中,30%遮阴处理效果最显著,为珠子参的生长提供了较为适宜的环境。     

三个肉鸽品种生长曲线的分析与拟合研究

为了探究不同肉鸽品种的生长发育规律,采用Logistic、Gompertz、von Bertalanffy、MMF(Morgan-Mercer-Flodin)和Weibull 五种模型进行生长曲线拟合,对0-4周龄的欧鸽(欧洲肉鸽)、白卡奴鸽和白羽王鸽体重生长规律进行研究。结果表明：白卡奴鸽和白羽王鸽两个肉鸽品种除了在4周龄时存在显著差异外,其他各周龄间体重差异不显著,但都显著低于欧鸽,整体生长发育变化呈现一致趋势。欧鸽绝对生长量均显著高于白卡奴鸽和白羽王鸽,相对生长率曲线基本上处于重叠状态。曲线拟合结果显示：五种模型均能很好的模拟肉鸽生长曲线,其拟合度都达到 0.9 以上,欧鸽和白羽王鸽的最优拟合曲线为Weibull,R2=1.000,而白卡奴鸽的最优拟合曲线为MMF,R2=0.999。有固定拐点的生长模型有一定的限制,有灵活拐点的生长模型有更好的适用性,同时四参数生长模型要好于三参数生长模型,推荐使用四参数有灵活拐点的生长模型来拟合肉鸽生长曲线。拐点数据显示第一周属于乳鸽生长关键期,因此该时期要加强种鸽饲养管理。     

不同施肥方式对河北省小麦产量及肥料贡献率的影响

通过总结2006-2013年河北省测土配方项目田间示范数据,分析了配方施肥（PF）与农户常规施肥（RF）对小麦产量及肥料贡献率的影响,为明确当前生产条件下河北省小麦产区施肥效果及肥料的合理施用提供依据。结果表明：河北省小麦施肥后增产效果显著,其中RF处理增产40.8%,PF处理增产54.8%,并且PF较RF可节肥9.36%、节本8.37%。PF与RF的平均肥料贡献率分别为35.0%和28.9%,平均差值为6.1%,且二者的肥料贡献率均与不施肥处理产量（土壤供肥能力）呈显著线性负相关关系,2条线斜率相近,这说明不同施肥方式肥料贡献率与土壤供肥能力的响应效果相差不大。不施肥处理产量每提高1 000kg/hm ²,PF和RF的肥料贡献率分别降低8.4%和8.2%,PF的肥料贡献率整体较RF高7.2%。在河北省小麦生产中应大力推广配方施肥、平衡施肥,提高肥料贡献率,并且应提高基础地力,以减少对肥料的依赖,实现减肥增效。     

The Effect of Spraying Concentrated Biogas on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Seedling

[Objective] The effect of concentrated biogas slurry on growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings was studied in this experiment, and theoretical basis for the rational application of concentrated biogas slurry was provided. [Method] Potted cotton seedlings was sprayed by five different dosages of concentrated biogas slurry, the impact of different spraying quantity (163 mL·hm^－2, 326 mL·hm^－2, 489 mL·hm^－2, 668 mL·hm^－2, 815 mL·hm^－2) after spraying time (after spraying 2nd day, 4th day, 6th day) on cotton seedlings growth and physiological indexes were studied. [Results] The results showed that the suitable quantity of spraying of concentrated biogas slurry had promoting effect to the cotton growth and development, the excess concentrated biogas slurry could inhibit the growth of cotton seedlings. The plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf area of spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing are the highest, the average of two batches on the 6th day after spraying are 21.15%, 35.95%, 18.84% higher than CK, respectively. Spraying concentrated biogas slurry can improve cotton seedlings chlorophyll content, soluble sugar contents, soluble protein content. Spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing is the highest in both batches, the average of two batches is 18.84%, 24.03%, 3.16% higher than CK, respectively. The result of concentrated biogas slurry onseedlings leaves took effect quickly, especially in 0～4th days. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the suitable amount of concentrated biogas slurry has a positive effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings, which is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings of cotton and provides the basis for the later growth of cotton.