Preliminary study of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during low- and high-dose radiation therapy of dogs with spontaneous tumors

High plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations are associated with radiation resistance and poor prognosis. After an exposure to ionizing radiation in cell culture an early phase and a late phase of increased VEGF have been documented. The activation was dependent on the radiation dose. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure baseline plasma VEGF and changes in VEGF over the course of fractionated radiation therapy in dogs with spontaneous tumors. Dogs with tumors had a significantly higher pretreatment plasma VEGF than did dogs without tumors. Immediately after irradiation no increased plasma VEGF was observed. Over the course of radiation therapy there was an increased plasma VEGF in dogs treated with low doses per fraction/high total dose, whereas plasma VEGF remained stable in dogs irradiated with high doses per fraction/low total dose. The regulatory mechanisms are very complex, and therefore the value of plasma VEGF measurements as an indirect marker of angiogenesis induced by radiotherapy is limited.     

施磷和接种根瘤菌对黄河三角洲紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响

田间试验研究了施磷肥和接种根瘤菌对黄河三角洲地区紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响.结果表明,播种前施磷肥能明显提高紫花苜蓿的出苗和成苗率,显著提高紫花苜蓿的叶茎比、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量,并提高干物质产量12.9%～85.5%.施磷肥还显著提高了紫花苜蓿地上部可溶性碳水化合物和粗蛋白质的含量,降低了中性洗涤纤维含量,使饲草体外干物质消化率增加0.73%～8.49%.播种时接种根瘤菌能显著增加紫花苜蓿单株根瘤结瘤数和平均根瘤重,并能改善苗期的生长,但对干物质产量影响不明显.试验结果显示,黄河三角洲地区种植紫花苜蓿施用过磷酸钙750 kg/hm2,并接种根瘤菌可获得较好的提高产量和改善品质的效果.     

日粮维生素E水平对后备种母鸡生长发育的影响

研究日粮维生素E对后备种母鸡体形、肌肉和生殖器官生长发育的影响。发现日粮维生素E水平对20周龄后备种母鸡的体重、体重均匀度、胸骨长度、胫长度、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、翅重率、腹脂率、冠高度和卵巢重量没有显著影响(P>0 05 ), 但高剂量维生素E日粮显著增加输卵管的长度和重量(P<0 05)。结果表明日粮高维生素E水平(180mg/kg) 可加速20周龄后备种母鸡输卵管的生长发育。     

高海拔地区鸡胚发育关键因素研究

对藏鸡(T)、饲养在北京的藏鸡(TB)、矮小隐性白(D)、农大小型蛋鸡商品代种蛋(M)、寿光鸡(S)、藏鸡×矮小隐性白(TD)、藏鸡×寿光鸡(TS)7组种蛋在西藏林芝进行孵化研究,通过阶段死亡率、出雏率、失水率数据分析了影响高海拔地区胚胎发育的关键因素。结果表明胚胎本身的高原生活力是鸡蛋高海拔孵化主要因素,其次是蛋壳传导力。     

生长激素释放肽-6缓释微球的制备及其对动物生长的影响

以生物降解材料乳酸乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA,LA-GA 8515)为载体,采用复乳-液中蒸发法制备含生长激素释放肽-6的乳酸乙醇酸共聚物微球,并通过体外药物释放试验评价载药微球的释药特征.结果得到收率、粒径大小和分布及含药量均满意的微球,其中包封率为100%,平均体积径为3.45μm,收率为79%.在37℃、pH7.0的生理等渗缓冲液中,首日释药19.19%,其后以平均日释药3.23%的速度释药25 d.小鼠肌肉注射微球30 d后,累积增重比注射生长激素释放肽-6、生理盐水分别高22.56%(P<0.05)和53.17%(P<0.01).结果表明,生长激素释放肽-6乳酸乙醇酸共聚物微球有望发展成为新型长效制剂.     

微卫星与金华猪生长性状关系的研究

采用微卫星标记多重扩增结合荧光标记检测技术,对152头金华猪种群的30个微卫星位点的不同基因型与生长发育性状的关系进行了初步分析和显著性检测。结果显示SW 2476、SW 0215、SW 24等3个微卫星位点不同基因型间的出生重差异显著;SW 902、S0143、SW 0215、S0228、SW 24等5个微卫星位点不同基因型间的60日龄重差异显著;S0178、S0218、S0255、S0155、SW 951等5个微卫星位点不同基因型的4月龄重差异显著;而S0217微卫星位点的不同基因型的6月龄重差异显著。     

野外放归大熊猫肠道菌群变化的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心的一只野外放归亚成体大熊猫肠道菌群的组成和季节变化规律进行了研究,同时与其圈养双胞胎兄弟的肠道菌群进行了比较。从放归大熊猫粪便中分离出17种肠道菌,优势菌群为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌。与圈养大熊猫相比,放归大熊猫肠道菌群中优势菌群的种类未发生改变,但是肠球菌数量增加,肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量减少。研究发现放归大熊猫肠道菌群中的肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量随季节变化有较大波动,乳杆菌的数量随季节变化波动不大;而圈养大熊猫三种优势菌的数量随季节变化波动都不大。     

Biochemical proximates of pumpkin (Cucurbitaeae spp.) and their beneficial effects on the general well‐being of poultry species

There is a growing need to increase productivity in poultry. Growth hormones and antibiotics have the ability to improve health, weight gain and feed efficiency in meat‐producing animals. The growth‐promoting antibiotics are administered to poultry to improve the general performance of the chicken. However, the use of the xenobiotic drugs in food‐producing animals has been a concern and a sensitive issue of debate for several decades in the EU and many other regional blocks of the world. Consequently, the use of hormones in animal production has been banned in Italy, Denmark and Germany for over 4–5 decades, while Belgium and Greece had never permitted its use for livestock fattening purposes. Bioactive phytochemicals exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antifungal and anti‐inflammatory properties and consequently have several beneficial effects on appetite, growth and the immune status of the animal. In South Africa, different species of pumpkin are produced for food due to their high nutrient content. The flesh serves as a traditional food, while the seeds and peels are commonly discarded. Pumpkin seed extract is reported to be useful for immunomodulation, reproductive health, therapeutics over a wide range of disease conditions and stimulates metabolism of accumulated fats. Studies have also shown that pumpkin seeds are a valuable source of protein and fat. Their complexity and extent of bioactivity offers sustainable prospects for natural control of pathogenic/parasitic organisms, stimulate nutrition or enhance resistance to disease infections, and reduce abdominal fat and serum levels of harmful lipids, while increasing serum levels of beneficial lipids.     

Genetic diversity and historic introgression in German Angler and Red Dual Purpose cattle and possibilities to reverse introgression

Recovering native uniqueness has major importance for breeds with historic introgression. The aim of the study was to estimate population genetic parameters for two local red cattle breeds from Northern Germany and to study possibilities to reverse introgression. Genealogical information consisted of 90,783 individuals for German Angler and 187,255 individuals for Red Dual-Purpose cattle breed, with additional information on sex, born, breed, status, and conventional breeding values. It is concluded that the native genetic contribution could be included as an additional trait in the total merit index in order to recover a part of the native genetic background. Native contributions should be estimated in the long term from marker data in order to account for Mendelian sampling. The maintenance of a sufficient genetic diversity of native alleles can be achieved by an advanced OCS with appropriate constraints.