榆林市枣园土壤动物群落多样性研究

为了解枣园土壤动物群落多样性及其结构特征,选取陕西榆林地区清涧县和佳县枣园作为研究样地进行土壤动物调查,共捕获土壤动物314只,分别隶属于软体动物门、环节动物门、节肢动物门3门4纲12目。结果表明:弹尾目和鞘翅目成虫为优势类群,占全捕量的57.54%,是该区土壤动物的主体;膜翅目蚁类、鞘翅目幼虫、蜘蛛类、螨类、腹足类等为常见类群。上述结果显示土壤动物群落的多样性在不同土层中基本上是随土层深度的增加而递减,并且表聚性明显。     

生态草坪的回归

列举了自然草本群落在景观中的应用方式,认为原生态的草本群落不仅能够打造自然式的观赏空间,更重要的是它们能够帮助生态环境的恢复。揭示了单一人工草坪的敝端,阐明了生态草坪回归的必要性。同时,对生态草坪应用的原则进行了讨论。     

桂林寨底地下河沉水植物群落结构调查及影响因子分析

为研究岩溶地下河沉水植物分布、群落组成及生境对群落结构的影响,2013年7-8月,对寨底地下河沉水植物分布及群落多样性进行了调查,并结合全年水质监测数据,分析了生境对沉水植物群落多样性分布的影响。结果表明,寨底地下河出口共有沉水植物4科、6属、8种;优势种为苦草(Vallisneria natans)、靖西海菜花(Ottelia acuminata var.jingxiensis)、竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton wrightii)和黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata),优势度分别为33.87%、23.10%、19.06%和12.50%,其中苦草为第一优势种。河道基质是制约沉水植物多样性分布的重要因素,砂石基质处沉水植物为种类单一的海菜花群落;泥沙混合处沉水物种组成比较丰富,海菜花、黑藻、竹叶眼子菜、苦草等形成共优势群落。岩溶水高Ca2+和HCO-3环境为沉水植物光合作用提供了丰富的矿物质元素及光合作用碳源。研究结果可为寨底地下河岩溶水生生态系统中沉水植物碳汇效应提供理论支持。     

Analysis of bacterial community and bacterial nutritional enzyme activity associated with the digestive tract of wild Chilean octopus (Octopus mimus Gould, 1852)

Information on the bacterial community associated with octopus is very scarce, unlike fish and other molluscs. This study revealed the bacterial community associated with digestive tract of wild Chilean octopus Octopus mimus using a culture‐dependent method and 16S rDNA clone library. Moreover, we analysed the bacterial nutritional enzyme activity of culturable bacteria. A culture‐dependent method showed that the composition of the culturable bacterial community was substantially different between female and male octopus. The predominant species in female octopus were Vibrionaceae and Streptococcaceae, whereas only Vibrionaceae was dominated in male octopus. Bacterial nutritional enzyme activities of culturable bacteria from male octopus were much higher than female octopus. The 16S rDNA clone library analysis showed that the bacterial community of male octopus exhibited a higher diversity than that of female octopus. The genus Mycoplasma was the predominant bacteria in the digestive tract of all octopus samples. The results obtained in this study raise the possibility that each octopus has different food consumption due to different bacterial community and nutritional enzyme activity, although Mycoplasma sp. is one of the predominant bacteria in the digestive tract. Moreover, our results are useful for the future of microbiological investigation associated with the octopus and for probiotics in the octopus aquaculture.     

三峡水库高、低水位下开县汉丰湖鱼类资源变化特征

2012年10-11月三峡水库高水位期以及2013年5-6月三峡水库低水位期调查了汉丰湖的鱼类资源,研究三峡水库高、低水位下汉丰湖鱼类种类组成、优势种类、生物多样性以及群落相似性,并对不同水位下汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的扰动特征和增殖放流情况进行了辨识和探讨。共采集到鱼类17 553尾,42种,隶属于4目7科31属。其中三峡水库低水位时采集到鱼类33种,高水位时采集到鱼类34种。汉丰湖优势种类在三峡水库低水位时为银鮈Squalidus argentatus、似鳊Pseudobrama simoni、歺又鱼Hemiculter leucisculus、蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus mongolicus和鲤Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio;在三峡水库高水位时为似鳊、鲤、鲫Carassius auratus、张氏歺又鱼Hemiculter tchangi和鲇Silurus asotus。汉丰湖鱼类Shannon-wiener多样性指数(H’)、Simpson优势度指数(D)、Pielous均匀度指数(E)和Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)在三峡水库低水位时分别为1.63、0.67、0.46和3.52;在三峡水库高水位时分别为2.15、0.80、0.61和4.34。三峡水库低、高水位时汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的Bray-Curtis相似性仅为26.52%,喜缓、静水生境的银鮈、张氏歺又鱼、鲤、歺又鱼、鲫、鲇、似鳊和蒙古鲌是群落结构差异的主要种类,累积差异贡献率为90.67%。汉丰湖鱼类群落在高水位时受到中等程度的干扰,而在低水位时受到严重干扰。建议每年均放流鲢、鳙、草鱼并进一步加大放流规模。     

高密度黄颡鱼—鳙养殖池塘浮游生物种群与理化因子的变化研究

以高密度的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)-鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)分隔养殖池塘为研究对象,分析养殖期间(2013年4月—10月)池塘浮游生物和水体理化因子的变化情况。结果显示,池塘水体温度、p H、DO和总氮指标在养殖期间存在显著差异(P0.01)。Duncan's多重比较显示,温度在6—8月显著高于其他时间(P0.05);总氮在7—9月的含量显著升高(P0.05);氨氮和亚硝态氮在8—10月的含量明显升高(P0.05)。池塘浮游生物的变化表现为:枝角类和桡足类物种数随养殖时间的延长而逐渐减少,其中秀体溞属(Diaphanosoma)占优势;轮虫物种数呈上升趋势,其中臂尾轮虫属(Brachionus)占优势;原生动物物种数在各月份之间差异不明显,以球吸管虫属(Sphaerophrya)为优势种;藻类物种数呈先上升再下降的趋势,其中绿藻门(Chlorophyta)种类占优势,其次为裸藻门(Euglenophyta)种类。基于Dice相似系数的UPGMA聚类和Pearson相关系数的MDS排序均显示池塘水体中浮游生物群落在整个养殖期间可分为2大类,4、5、6、7月各样本聚在一起,8、9、10月各样本聚在一起,表现为前4个月(4—7月)相似性高,而后3个月(8—10月)相似性高;说明池塘浮游生物的群落结构随养殖时间延续发生了改变。     

Factors influencing the yield of brown trout, Salmo trutta m. lacustris L., in northern Finnish lakes

Abstract Lake-to-lake variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta m. lacustris L., yield from stocking was examined in 34 lakes in northern Finland. The trout were mainly stocked as 2–3-year-old fish. Catch statistics were compiled with information on water quality, water level fluctuations, fishing effort and lake geomorphology. Absolute brown trout yields (kgha^-1) increased with increasing stocking rate, but there was an indication of non-linearity at higher stocking densities. Relative yields (kg per thousand trout released) were highest at low stocking rates. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the best predictive model for lake-to-lake variability in brown trout yields. Seventeen measured regressands were used initially, and then replaced with scores obtained in a principal component analysis of highly correlated water quality variables and species-specific fish yields. Three major determinants of brown trout yields in these lakes were found in both analyses: fish community, stocking rate and fishing effort. Brown trout yields from stocking were higher in lakes with proportionally high yields of vendace or vendace and whitefish and proportionally low yields of pike.     

高邮湖鱼类群落结构特征

为了解高邮湖鱼类群落结构特征,采用三层刺网和单目地笼网鱼类采样工具,于2019-2020年在该湖泊设置的5个点位进行4次调查,鉴定了渔获物种类,分析了鱼类生态类型和群落结构特征指数。结果显示:高邮湖鱼类24种,隶属20属7科6目。淡水性、肉食性和中上层鱼类为优势生态型。鲫(Carassius auratus)、大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius)、鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)和鲢(H.molitrix)为高邮湖优势种。平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.45,Pielou均匀度指数为0.61,Simpson优势度指数为0.6,Margalef种类丰富度指数为1.91。与历史资料相比,鱼类群落多样性和丰富度指数有所提高,但群落结构受干扰程度较高。Cluster聚类和nMDS平面图显示,高邮湖不同空间的鱼类多样性差异较小;而与其北部入湖口河流水域相比,鱼类群落结构差异显著。过水性高邮湖的鱼类多样性高于河道,但总体上鱼类物种多样性处于较低水平。     

基于广义加性模型的天津近海鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构研究

2018、2019年的4—11月利用大型浮游生物网对天津近岸海域进行逐月调查,分析天津近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成,优势种、群落结构变化,以及丰度分布与环境因子的关系.调查结果表明,2018年监测到鱼卵10种,隶属4目9科,仔稚鱼9种,隶属5目8科;2019年监测到鱼卵9种,隶属4目8科,仔稚鱼8种,隶属5目7科.20...