种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响

[目的]为了揭示种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响,为油松人工林经营管理提供理论依据.[方法]基于中条山油松人工林群落样地调查数据,分析油松人工林下主要植物的种间关联性、生态位重叠及群落稳定性,并在此基础上探讨种间关联和生态位理论在油松人工林天然更新障碍及群落稳定性形成机制中的作用.[结果]中条山油松...     

湖南龙山国家森林公园特色文化景观设计探讨——以龙山国家森林公园药王小区设计为例

在森林公园规划建设中,特色文化景观的营建是增加公园吸引力的重要元素,是营造公园标志性景点的重要手段。在设计中体现森林文化是突出森林公园特色的基本条件,在森林公园营造特色文化景观的过程中,需要把森林文化与景观环境的营建两者结合起来考虑设计。在湖南龙山国家森林公园药王小区特色景观营建的实例中,通过10个重要的特色文化景点营建,创建富有特色的文化景观,能够增加公园的景观价值,提高公园的文化品味,吸引更多的游客。     

Fuelwood Resources and Forest Regeneration on Fallow Land in Uganda

Abstract

East African forests have been largely converted to agriculture. The remaining forests hold many endangered species but are threatened by the heavy local demand for fuelwood. Here we evaluate fallow land in western Uganda as an alternate fuel source to diverse forests. We quantify the regeneration process on fallows, calculate tree bio-mass increases, and measure grass and woody herb biomass over 44 months. The biomass values we measured were typical or slightly below the average from 11 studies elsewhere in the tropics. Variation in biomass between our neighboring study sites exceeded that between sites on different continents, indicating the sensitivity of vegetation regeneration to local land use. Tree regeneration was extremely slow (0.46 g/m²/year); however, the woody herbs and grasses on a 4 year old fallow of ～0.5 ha can provide much of a family's domestic fuel. Fallow land is generally abundant in western Uganda and can partially alleviate pressure on forests for domestic fuels. Fallows cannot however provide the trees demanded by charcoal, brick, and gin manufacturers. In the future, conserving forests while meeting fuelwood demands will require improving local land tenure security, enhancing the productivity of cultivated and abandoned land, promoting more efficient stoves, stills and kilns, and curtailing illicit, inefficient charcoal manufacture.     

浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区植物群落ALPHA多样性特征

采用样方调查法对浙江凤阳山--百山祖国家级自然保护区内的45个样地的物种组成、alpha多样性进行分析。结果表明：各样地乔、灌、草3个层次的Shannon-Wiener指数（H）、Simpson指数（D）和Pielous均匀度指数（Jsw）以五岭坑保护站的米槠（Castanopsis carlesii）、毛锥（Castanopsis fordii）林最高,茶木淤保护站的金钱松（Pseudolarix amabilis）林样地最低;各植物群落类型乔木层的物种丰富度以常绿阔叶林最高;灌木层以针阔叶混交林的物种数最多,草甸样地的灌木物种数最少;草本层则以竹林物种数最为丰富;乔木层各群落的 H和D均以常绿阔叶林最高;灌木层的H以针阔叶混交林最高,草本层中各植物群落类型的H、D、Jsw均以竹林最高;在百山祖自然保护区中,常绿阔叶林可以维持较高的木本植物物种多样性,而竹林出现明显纯林化现象,应加以控制。     

西藏色季拉山冷杉群落结构健康评价

选择西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉天然林为研究对象,在海拔梯度上以群丛作为评价的基本单位,进行冷杉群落结构健康评价。对群落物种多样性和群落结构特征因子,采用主成分分析,筛选主要评价指标,结合层次分析法(AHP法)进行健康排序。结果表明,对冷杉林群落结构健康影响最大的因子依次为:年龄结构、灌木层盖度、乔木株数、更新数量、草本种类、郁闭度、草本层盖度、灌木种类、乔木种类和亚层数共10个因子。健康排序次序为急尖长苞冷杉-林芝云杉群丛、急尖长苞冷杉+忍冬群丛、急尖长苞冷杉+杜鹃群丛、急尖长苞冷杉+苔藓群丛。     

九龙山自然保护区黄山木兰群落结构特征及其优势种群结构

对浙江省九龙山国家级自然保护区黄山木兰(Magnolia cylindrica)的群落结构特征以及种群结构进行了调查研究。结果表明:黄山木兰群落植被具有热带向温带过渡的性质;群落主要伴生种为多脉青冈(Cyclobalanopsis multinervis);该群落具有明显的中亚热带常绿阔叶林特征,以高位芽占绝对的优势,叶的特征以中叶、纸质的单型叶为主;群落成层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;群落物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度都偏低;种群结构呈纺锤型,幼苗数量严重不足,种群有衰退的趋势;种群格局呈集群分布。     

Resettling,disconnecting or displacing? Attending to local sociality,culture and history in disaster settings

In many disaster settings, top‐down responses emphasise ‘expert‐led’ solutions that often involve relocating disaster‐affected communities. While the intention might be to move people from harm's way and facilitate recovery, failure to attend to local pre‐disaster circumstances as well as the interplay between power, resilience and vulnerability within and around affected communities often sees resettlement reconfigure as displacement or disconnection. This oversight may even usher in a new phase of dispossession and disadvantage for marginalised groups (particularly in colonial settings). This paper explores experiences in Australia, Japan and Taiwan to reflect on what issues of local sociality, local culture and local resilience need to be attended to in framing ‘better’ disaster responses.     

Conversion of cropland into agroforestry land versus naturally-restored grassland alters soil macro-faunal diversity and trophic structure in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China

Restoration of cropland(termed 'Farm') after abandonment including shrubs(termed 'Shrub'),trees(termed 'Tree') and natural grassland(termed 'Grass') has become a routine process aimed to improve land productivity and control desertification. During this restoration process, soil macro-faunal diversity, and trophic structure were investigated at four types of sites(Farm, Shrub, Tree, and Grass)during growing season in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China. Results indicated that the Staphylinidae family was found to dominate at the Grass, Shrub, and Tree sites, whiles larval Pyralidae individuals were found at the Grass site only. The density of the omnivores(i.e., Formicidae family) was significantly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Tree and Farm sites. The total density and richness of predator and phytophages were found to be markedly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Farm site. Meanwhile, we found the taxon richness of predators was significantly(P<0.05) higher at the Shrub site than at the Farm and Tree sites. Compared with the Farm and afforested Shrub/Tree sites,the Grass site had greater density, taxon richness, and Shannon index(P<0.05). In conclusion, natural restoration of abandoned croplands toward grassland was an effective strategy relative to artificial afforestation for improvement of soil biological diversity. Moreover, planting shrub is a preferable measure in abandoned croplands for land development in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China.     

The Relationship Between Plant Community Characteristics and Soil Organic Matter Content of Sedentary Grazing Pastures in a Typical Steppe

In order to discuss the relationship between the characteristics of plant communities and the content of topsoil organic matter under the condition of two-season sedentary grazing, authors of this paper selected a Stipa krylovii steppe for research and studied the plant community characteristics and the topsoil organic matter content. The results showed that in the sedentary grazing area, the perennial plant species decreased, the annual plant species increased, and the topsoil organic matter content decreased. There were a negative correlation between plant biomass and topsoil organic matter content, and a positive correlation between total coverage and topsoil organic matter content. The change of plant community characteristics in the sedentary grazing area was related to the implementation of the system of transferring the pasture use rights to the herdsmen and controlled grazing.