集对分析法在大兴安岭用材林土壤养分评价中的应用

对大兴安岭兴安落叶松用材林进行不同强度的采伐改造,采用集对分析法,对不同强度采伐后的土壤养分进行综合评价,对比采伐改造后土壤养分.结果表明：大兴安岭地区,兴安落叶松用材林中,采伐强度为19％时,土壤养分最优,低强度和高强度的采伐对土壤养分有负面影响,且采伐强度越高,土壤综合养分越差.     

基于银行系统风险视角的银行资本充足监管——来自中国上市银行的经验数据

国际金融危机以及欧债危机等再一次引发了人们对金融监管尤其是银行资本充足监管的全面反思。采集中国银行业主体的16家商业银行的数据,应用联立方程模型,对资本强制约束下的资本与系统风险贡献度进行研究,结论表明：资本充足监管对银行系统风险贡献度有一定的正向作用;而杠杆率监管对其无显著影响。此外,四大国有银行的分析结果提醒银行业监管者应密切关注居于主导地位银行的资本和风险监管。     

Apparent digestibility of selected ingredients in diets for white shrimp Penaeus setiferus L.

A study was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter (ADMD), crude protein (ACPD) and gross energy (AED) of selected ingredients in diets for juvenile Penaeus setiferus . Ingredients tested were corn grain, cottonseed meal, crab meal, grain sorghum, meat and bone meal, menhaden fish meal, rice bran, rice grain, shrimp meal, soybean meal, squid liver powder, wheat flour, wheat gluten, wheat middlings and wheat shorts. ADMD coefficients of test ingredients ranged from 22% to 100% and appeared to be related to the fibre, ash and starch content of the ingredient. ACPD coefficients ranged from 58% to 100%. Plant protein supplements (soybean meal and cottonseed meal) were utilized as efficiently as, or better than, animal protein supplements (squid liver powder, menhaden fish meal, meat and bone meal, shrimp meal and crab meal). ACPD coefficients for meat and bone meal, shrimp meal and crab meal (58–59%) were significantly lower than those for menhaden fish meal (76%) and squid liver powder (82%). AED coefficients (44–100%) varied significantly among plant products of similar proximate composition. Corn grain and wheat flour were better utilized by P. setiferus than other high-starch energy supplements. Wheat gluten exhibited the highest ADMD, ACPD and AED coefficients of all ingredients tested.     

黄瓜新品种津美79的选育

津美79是以自交系A143-5为母本,以自交系TBL-2为父本配制而成的黄瓜一代杂种。该品种植株长势较强,雌花节率高、连续结瓜能力强,瓜条生长速度快,商品性突出,顺直整齐,瓜长36 cm左右,瓜把短,单瓜质量300 g左右,瓜色深绿。抗枯萎病,中抗褐斑病、霜霉病、白粉病、角斑病。丰产性好,总产量约18 000 kg·(667 m~2)~(-1)。适合华北、东北等地区冬春及秋冬日光温室栽培。     

Evaluation of Cassia fistula meal as a replacement for soybean meal in practical diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

This study was undertaken to determine the replacement value of Cassia fistula seed meal (CFM) for soybean meal (SBM) in practical diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Five practical diets (350 g kg^?1 crude protein) containing 0 g kg^?1 (control), 170 g kg^?1 (diet II), 340 g kg^?1 (diet III), 509 g kg^?1 (diet IV) and 670 g kg^?1 (diet V) substitution levels of CFM for SBM were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of O. niloticus fingerlings (mean initial weight of 10.22 ± 0.03 g) for 70 days. Fish mortality increased linearly with increase in inclusion levels of CFM in the diet. Growth and diet utilization efficiency were depressed in fish fed diets containing CFM at varying inclusion levels. Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of O. niloticus fed on diet containing 170 g kg^?1 substitution level of CFM were similar (P > 0.05) to the control diet. Digestibility of the different diets decreased with increase in inclusion levels of CFM. Fish fed diet containing 670 g kg^?1 CFM had significantly lower carcass protein. However, no significant differences were observed in carcass protein and lipid contents between fish fed the control diets and diet containing 170 g kg^?1 CFM. The most efficient diet in terms of cost per unit weight gain of fish was obtained in 170 g kg^?1 CFM dietary substitution.     

日粮中添加乡土草可改善獭兔生产性能及血液指标

为研究乡土草日粮对商品獭兔后期生产性能、毛密度及血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用健康无病、精神状态良好的110日龄试验兔30只,公母各半,按性别随机分为3组,每组10只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂15%当地乡土草草粉+85%基础日粮;试验Ⅲ组饲喂30%当地乡土草草粉+70%基础日粮。预试期7d,正试期30d。结果表明,试验组提高了獭兔末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量以及体况评分,降低了料重比;与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量及体况评分分别提高了9.78%、57.9%、4.02%及7.38%(P0.05),而料重比降低了9.4%(P0.05)。试验组提高了獭兔各部位被毛密度,试验Ⅲ组效果最好,与对照组相比,獭兔背部、腰部、左肩部和右肩部毛密度分别提高了20.7%、38.6%、33.7%和47.3%(P0.05),而臀部毛密度提高了12.9%(P0.05)。试验组提高了獭兔总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比、免疫球蛋白G含量,与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组总蛋白提高了15%,白蛋白提高了13%(P0.05);球蛋白提高8.6%,白球比提高了23.5%,免疫球蛋白G提高了30%(P0.05)。综上所述,30%乡土草草粉替代基础日粮提高了獭兔生产性能。     

Study on the adaptability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to diets from the perspective of digestion and absorption

As an ecologically sustainable aquaculture mode, the rice‐fish approach has been paid more attention in recent years. In rice paddies, there are plant and animal diet items available to fish, but it is not clear how common carp adapt to different diets. In view of this, common carp (initial weight 492.6 ± 30 g, n = 270) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with earthworms (group A), earthworms + duckweed (group M) and duckweed (group P) respectively. After 8 weeks under these feeding regimes, the intestinal digestive enzymes activities were assayed, and intestinal tissue sections stained with HE and AB‐PAS were used to observe the morphology. The results showed that the activities of trypsin and lipase were highest in group A, followed by group M and group P. Group A had greater intestinal fold height, fold width and fold absorption area than the other groups (p < .05), especially in the foregut. Meanwhile, the total number of mucous cells was largest in group P, followed by the groups M and A. Totally, activities and distributions of digestive enzymes, fold height, fold width, fold absorption area and number and distribution of mucous cells of common carp were affected by the type of diet. Based on these results, it was found that common carp has strong adaptability to diets, and it was speculated that the majority of digestion and absorption of protein was concentrated in the foregut, while for starch and cellulose, it was spread out along the whole intestine.     

Development of an in vitro model to assess protein bioavailability in diets for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)

An in vitro model designed to assess protein bioavailability in diets for growing Octopus was developed. The model required a previous assessment of some functional features of protein digestion in this species like the main producing organs, optimum pH for activity and total production per g tissue. The main producing organs identified were the salivary glands and the hepatopancreas (HP), being optimum pH for protease activity quite different in both organs (mostly alkaline in the posterior salivary glands and acid in the HP). In spite of the high‐specific protease activity measured in the salivary glands, a major role of the HP in protein hydrolysis is suggested due to the much bigger size of this viscera. All this information was used as a basis to develop an in vitro two‐step hydrolysis process, which simulated protein hydrolysis performed by these two organs using the Octopus enzymes. The assay was used to evaluate differences in amino acid bioavailability from several protein sources (casein, gelatin, fish meal, squid meal and krill meal) that could be used as feed ingredients for this species. As significant differences were detected both in total amount and in rate of release of the amino acids from such proteins, the model is proposed as a complementary tool in the selection and nutritional evaluation of protein ingredients to be used in diets for Octopus.     

高能日粮条件下半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

通过在正常日粮中添加高油脂来制备高能日粮,探讨高能日粮条件下,添加0、15、30、60mg/kg半胱胺(CS)对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。试验结果表明:添加15、30mg/kg半胱胺均能显著提高大鼠抗氧化能力(P<0.05),30mg/kg半胱胺能使大鼠抗氧化能力恢复到接近正常日粮组水平,60mg/kg半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化能力的恢复无显著影响(P>0.05)。半胱胺添加的最适剂量为30mg/kg。