施氮量和密度对盐碱滩涂水稻产量和品质的影响

为明确施氮量和密度互作对盐碱滩涂水稻产量和品质形成特征的影响,以淮稻5号为试验材料, 设置6个施氮量处理:N0(0 kg·hm^-2)、N210(210 kg·hm^-2)、N255(255 kg·hm^-2)、N300(300 kg·hm^-2)、N345(345 kg·hm^-2)、N390(390 kg·hm^-2),2个移栽密度处理:D1(33.4 万穴·hm^-2,12 cm×25 cm)、D2(27.8 万穴·hm^-2,12 cm×30 cm),测定了水稻产量及品质形成的相关因素。结果表明,随施氮量增加,单位面积穗数和每穗粒数呈先上升后下降的趋势,以N300处理最高;结实率和千粒重呈下降趋势。不同密度间比较,高密度处理的穗数和千粒重高于低密度处理,每穗粒数和结实率呈相反趋势。施氮量与移栽密度组合中,以N300D1处理的产量最高,达7 978.83 kg·hm^-2。施氮量的增加提高了稻米的加工品质与营养品质,同时降低了外观品质与蒸煮食味品质。移栽密度的增加提高了稻米的营养品质,但降低了加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质。综合分析认为,施氮量300 kg·hm^-2和移栽密度33.4万穴·hm^-2, 是盐碱滩涂水稻获得高产优质的栽培措施。本研究结果为盐碱滩涂水稻的高产优质栽培提供了理论依据。     

海巴戟良种‘万维1号’

‘万维1号’是从美国夏威夷大岛引种,采用选择育种方法经选株、选果、选种、选苗、实生苗繁殖测定和区域化试验选育而成,具有早产、高产、稳产、优质、抗递性强等特性。适于在海南岛的南部和西部、永兴岛等偏热带地区尤其是海岸线盐碱地区营建果园兼海防林,生产果实供食品加工。     

山东省沿海地区大豆生产变化特征及其发展趋势研究

对山东沿海地区6市29县1975~2010年的大豆品种、总产量和栽培面积进行调查和分析。结果表明,期间该地区大豆单产增加显著,栽培面积和总产量经历了先降低后增加再降低三个发展阶段,年际间的变幅大且整体表现出下降趋势。通过栽培品种统计发现,大豆大产量(总产量≥104t)栽培品种虽然数量较少,但其占总产量之比大,对推动山东省大豆产业发展以及丰富我国大豆种质资源具有重要的作用与意义。     

苏北沿海地区啤酒大麦施肥技术

苏北沿海地区具有啤酒大麦生长得天独厚的自然条件,其是全国优质啤酒大麦主产区之一。通过对啤酒大麦科学施肥原则的阐述,提出了当地优质啤酒大麦科学施肥的方法和技术要点。     

上海海岸防护林树种选择综合 评价体系的构建和应用

采用层次分析法（AHP）建立上海海岸防护林树种选择综合评价体系,涵盖生长适应性、生态功能、景观 效应和经济价值4 个准则层和生长势等19 个评价因子。对上海海岸防护林29 个树种的评价结果表明,苦楝（Melia azedarach）、青桐（Firmiana simplex）、栾树（Koelreuteria paniculata）、金丝垂柳（Salix伊aureo-pendula）、乌桕（Sapium sebiferum）、黄连木（Pistacia chinensis）、中山杉（Ascendens mucronatum）、喜树（Camptotheca acuminata）、墨西哥落羽杉 （Taxodium mucronatum）、雪松（Cedrus deodara）、枫香（Liquidambar formosara）、南酸枣（Choerosponias axillaris）等12 个 树种为该区适宜的防护林造林树种。     

Long-term catch trends and risk assessment of the Critically Endangered white-spotted wedgefish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis) from South Africa

1. The white-spotted wedgefish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis) is a Critically Endangered shark-like ray in the family Rhinidae. Throughout its Western Indian Ocean distribution, it is targeted for its valuable meat and fins and is reported to have undergone major population declines. However, there remains a need for species specific time-series data to accurately assess localized population declines.
2. This study used two independent long-term (37 and 40 years) time-series catch data from competitive shore angling and shark nets to investigate the size composition and catch per unit effort (CPUE) and conduct a risk assessment for the population on the east coast of South Africa.
3. From 1977 to 2017 the competitive shore fishery captured 7,703 individual R. djiddensis, whilst shark nets in the same region captured 2,856 individuals from 1981 to 2017. Individuals captured in the nets had a sex ratio of 1.8:1 females to males, and were larger than those caught by the anglers. Although the mean annual sizes of net-caught individuals were above the size of reported sexual maturity, there was little evidence to suggest that any individuals captured were reproductively active.
4. Both the competitive shore fishery and shark net catches exhibited strong seasonal trends with the majority of R. djiddensis catches occurring from October to May peaking in austral summer. Standardized CPUE from the competitive shore fishery declined substantially between 1977 and 2017 and shark net catches exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) fourfold decline in annual nominal CPUE from 1981 to 2017.
5. Ultimately, a risk assessment showed a 65.1% decline in abundance over a period of three generation lengths, which indicates that the sampled population of R. djiddensis in South Africa should be classified as Endangered according to the IUCN Red List using criterion A2b. The conservation implications of this are discussed.

     

三种植被类型植物根系对崇明岛海岸带稳定性的影响

Coastal erosion is currently a major problem along the southern coast of Chongming Island, Shanghai. To enhance the erosion protection ability of coastal shelterbelts, two woody tree species, Taxodium ascendens and Salix babylonica, were planted separately into Phragmites australis + Scirpus mariqueter communities in 2006. Two years later, we investigated whether either of these experiments reduced erosion and increased stability in the native herbaceous plant community. We also examined soil stability and root length density under T. ascendens added, S. babylonica added and native herbaceous vegetation conditions along an intertidal gradient from the soil surface to a depth of 40 cm in each experiment, thus to determine the capacity of T. ascendens and S. babylonica to contribute to shoreline stabilization. Topsoil under the native vegetation had greater stability at the middle and higher intertidal zones because its soil stability index and root length density were significantly higher than in the T. ascendens or S. babylonica planted communities. The effect of T. ascendens on soil stability was not generally better than that of the native vegetation. Only at the 20-30 cm soil depth of the middle intertidal zone and in the 10-20 cm layer of the higher intertidal zone the soil stability index and root length densities under the T. ascendens added condition were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the native vegetation. The S. babylonica planted soil had greater stability in the deeper soil layer than the soil under either the native vegetation or the T. ascendens added condition, and its soil stability index and root length density were significant higher (P < 0.05) than those of other vegetation conditions at the 30-40 cm soil depth for the lower intertidal zone and at the 20-40 cm layer for middle and higher intertidal zones.     

苏北典型滩涂区土壤盐分动态与水平衡要素之间的关系

为获知苏北滩涂区土壤水盐动态行为,从而为后续的节水灌溉和滩涂区农田水管理策略提供理论依据,该文选取典型滩涂区,进行土壤水、盐和地下水埋深的长期连续监测,并根据大丰市气象站提供的降水、地表蒸散数据,对土壤盐分变化和水平衡要素之间的关系进行探讨。结果表明：土壤表层盐分最高,波动最为剧烈,随深度不断增加,盐分逐渐降低,且波动趋缓。试验区夏季降水丰富,蒸散量相对较低,土壤含水率高,地下水埋深浅;冬季降水少,蒸散量较高,土壤含水率下降,地下水埋深较深。地下水埋深和水补充量是0～40 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子;地下水埋深和蒸散量是60～80 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子。地下水盐分是土壤盐分累积的主要来源,降水脱盐作用仅对0～40 cm表土作用显著,蒸发积盐作用则在整个土壤剖面上具有影响。该研究为消减苏北滩涂区土壤盐渍化灾害提供了科学依据,对指导农业生产具有重要意义。     

江苏沿海三市乡村旅游的海滨资源保护与开发

海滨乡村旅游是乡村旅游与海洋特色的结合体。本文首先探讨了江苏沿海三市的旅游发展现状，继而分析了江苏海滨发展乡村旅游的优势及存在的问题，最后，在此基础上提出了发展江苏海滨乡村旅游的对策：加大海滩保护力度、加强体验型旅游产品开发、打造独具特色的精品旅游区以及加强与沪浙和山东的旅游区域合作。     

河北滨海平原区种植业结构调整探析

以1985-2010年统计数据为基础,运用定量与定性相结合的分析方法,对河北滨海平原区1985-2010年种植结构调整过程进行了初步研究,明确了该区不同时期粮食作物、油料作物、棉花、蔬菜、水果等作物的结构和变化趋势,分析了该区种植业结构调整的内在原因及动力,并对河北滨海平原区未来种植结构调整的方向和重点进行了讨论.