日本知床半岛海域细鳞大马哈鱼和大马哈鱼的移动生态调查

在北海道知床半岛周边海域,用小型数据记录器监测细鳞大马哈鱼Oncorhyncus gorbuscha和大马哈鱼O.keta的回归游泳行为,探讨其与环境水温的关系。数据记录间隔时间为1 s,连续记录时间为226 h。于2008年8月至10月期间,在知床沿岸放流了带有数据记录器的洄游途中的大马哈鱼和细鳞大马哈鱼个体(分别为30尾和5尾),分别有13尾、3尾个体被捕获。研究表明:试验个体有一系列的上浮和下沉行为,并且频繁地回到表层水面,垂直移动中的深潜水是对表层高水温和暖流分层水中的一种适温调节行为。因此,尽管表层水温较高,性成熟后的大马哈鱼仍会回到表层水面寻找其产卵场所。     

浙江沿海大型底栖海藻分布区域与资源特征研究

根据对浙江沿海底栖海藻资源调查,研究分析了该区大型底栖海藻的种类数量,计56种,分隶5纲、13目,归入3个门,其中绿藻门15种,褐藻门20种,红藻门21种。该海区岩相潮间带底栖海藻资源丰富,其大型底栖海藻种类资源特征以我国沿海广温广布种（20种）和优势种类（16种）及常见种类（10种）占多数,其次为少见种类（5种）和稀有种类（4种）;平面分布种以暖温性种类（29种）占多数,其次为亚热带种类（22种）,而以冷水性种类（5种）为最少;其种类垂直生态分布特征以低潮带为最多,其次为中潮带,最少的是高潮带。最后提出了对浙江沿海大型底栖海藻资源开展生态保护和实施可持续开发的若干意见。     

Age validation and growth variability of Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> off the Pacific coast of northern Japan

ABSTRACT:   This study examined age and growth of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus off the Pacific coast of northern Japan, and determined whether the growth patterns of male and female fish in northern (40–41°N) and southern (37–38°15'N) waters differ. In total 8095 specimens were collected between January 1999 and December 2005. Zonation consisting of opaque and translucent bands on the otolith was evident. Within each opaque band a thin and clear check (ring mark) was observed in all specimens examined. Monthly change in the frequency of appearance of a ring mark on the outer margin of the otolith indicates that ring marks form between July and August. The von Bertalanffy growth model showed a sexual dimorphism in growth, as females grew faster and reached a larger size than males. The growth patterns obtained by tracking the observed total length for monthly collections showed a rapid increase in total length between August and October. Spatial variation in the growth pattern of male and female fish between northern and southern waters was evident, as southern fish were significantly larger than northern counterparts during 1.25–3.00 years post hatch.     

苏北浅滩生态监控区鱼卵的种类组成和数量分布

2004、2005年5月,在苏北浅滩生态监控区采用水平和垂直拖网两种方式进行了鱼卵调查,从南至北共设8个断面,范围为121°17′~121°55′E、32°00′~32°28′N。结果显示,第3~6断面(121°25′~121°36′E、32°08′~32°20′N)为鱼卵的密集区,密度最高的站位分别为2004年的7断面1站位(121°25′E、32°24′N)和2005年的5断面3站位(121°27′E、32°16′N)。主要的种类组成有多鳞鱚、鳀、斑鰶、远东拟沙丁鱼等。2004、2005年第一优势种均为多鳞鱚,2004年的第二、三位优势种分别为鳀和远东拟沙丁鱼,而2005年的第二位优势种则为斑鰶。     

广东沿海贝类4种重金属含量分析和评价

根据2007年6～9月对广东沿海4种贝类养殖区90个样品的检测结果,研究了贝类体内重金属的含量和累积,对贝类的质量安全进行评价。结果表明：（1）菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum体内含量大小顺序为铜（Cu）〉镉（Cd）〉铬（Cr）〉铅（Pb）,太平洋牡蛎Crassostreagigas和近江牡蛎C．rivularis的大小顺序都是Cu〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr,而翡翠贻贝Pernaviridis的大小顺序则是Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Cr;（2）菲律宾蛤仔、太平洋牡蛎和翡翠贻贝未受重金属污染,但部分近江牡蛎体中Cd和Cu含量已超过中国农业行业标准“无公害食品：水产品有毒有害物质限量”标准,应该引起重视。     

Feasibility of cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty at different localities on the Northwest coast of India

Kappaphycus alvarezii was cultivated at three places, viz. Mithapur, Okha and Beyt Dwarka on the Northwest coast of India. The biomass and growth rates were measured at 15-day intervals up to 45 days and varied differently for different growth periods at these places. Thus, at 15, 30 and 45 days, the biomass (fresh wt) varied from 182.0±19.96 to 435.0±23.66 g, from 366.0±118.09 to 1096.0±61.43 g and from 530.5±50.95 to 1537.0±43.54 g, respectively, with respective daily growth rates (%) from 3.95±0.78 to 9.80±0.63, from 3.64±0.01 to 13.98±3.07 and from 3.69±0.23 to 6.07±0.06. The seawater temperature, salinity, nitrate and phosphate ranged from 19.3 to 26.9 °C, from 30.81 to 36.83‰, from 11.60 to 19.75 μmol L⁻¹ and from 2.37 to 5.0 μmol L⁻¹ respectively. The growth rate between the culture months was significantly different at Okha at P <0.01. Further, it was significantly correlated to salinity at Mithapur while at Okha and Beyt Dwarka, the same was significantly correlated to nitrate and seawater temperature. Based on this study, commercial cultivation at these localities is quite feasible.     

青岛近岸水域挥发性酚的分布及在贝类体内的积累

根据１９９８年４－１０月对青岛市近岸水域及贝类养殖区的综合调查结果,初步摸清了青岛市近岸水域及贝类体内酚的分布。在所调查的水域内酚的含量范围为０－８．１１μｇ／Ｌ,平均值为１．５５μｇ／Ｌ。     

基于线粒体控制区的粤闽三线矶鲈地理群体的遗传变异分析

对中国东南沿海福建平潭和广东汕头、闸坡3个群体38 ind三线矶鲈(Parapristipoma trilineatus)线粒体控制区的914 bp序列进行分析,发现22个变异位点,共有33个单倍型。3个群体总体的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性均较高(H=0.991 0±0.009,π=0.005 8±0.000 4),其中平潭和汕头群体分别表现出最低和最高的核苷酸多样性(π=0.004 9±0.000 5和0.006 6±0.000 9)。3个群体间的Fst值为0.056 6~0.105 3,Nm值为4.248 3~8.333 4,表明3个群体间存在较低分化,可作为1个管理单位进行保护,建议优先保护汕头群体。在简约性网络图中单倍型呈星状分布,中性检验Fu’s Fs为显著负值和核苷酸不配对分析呈现单峰分布,表明三线矶鲈在历史上经历过种群扩张事件,推测扩张年代约为晚更新世的9.81~2.45万年前。     

福建沿海米氏凯伦藻赤潮的初步研究

本文初步研究了2003年5～6月发生于福建连江海域的米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi Hansen)赤潮.研究发现强降雨、充足的光照、稳定的气温和良好的海况是米氏凯伦藻赤潮发生和发展的必要条件.米氏凯伦藻适宜的温度范围为20～24℃,适宜的盐度范围为27.9～30.5.米氏凯伦藻细胞密度与营养指数以及磷酸盐浓度呈正相关性.米氏凯伦藻赤潮的发生发展过程中常伴随出现其它赤潮生物,在条件适合的情况下会向其它种类的赤潮转化.米氏凯伦藻赤潮对鲍鱼等海洋生物的危害较大,会造成严重的渔业经济损失.     

广东沿海环境中汞的变化趋势↑（*）——南海“贻贝观察体系”的研究之一

为了监测八十年代末以来广东沿海海洋环境中Ｈｇ的变化趋势，作者利用海洋双壳类牡蛎作为指示生物，测定了自１９８９年至１９９３年间广东沿海１４个观测站位的牡蛎体中的Ｈｇ。结果表明，牡蛎体中的Ｈｇ呈逐年下降之势，即从１９８９年的０．０４６×１０－６降为１９９３年的０．０２８×１０－６。Ｈｇ的主要化学形态为有机汞，作者还对Ｈｇ的季节变化特点，空间变化特点进行了分析