山东北部沿海幼鱼种类组成特征的研究

2008年5月—2009年9月通过双船拖网采样,对山东北部沿海28个站位进行了调查,分析研究了该海域的幼鱼种类组成及优势种。调查结果表明,该海域共出现幼鱼75种,属14目41科65属,以底层鱼类为主要组成,占总种类数的78.67%;优势种有鳀鱼、方氏云鳚、玉筋鱼、黄鲫、蓝点马鲛、小黄鱼、矛尾刺鱼叚虎鱼等;幼鱼种类组成具有显著的季节变化,但年间变化较小。     

南海北部沿岸贝类体内镉含量及健康风险评价

根据2007年和2009年对南海北部沿岸菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes Philippinarum)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)、太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、文蛤(Meretr.ix meretrix)5种贝类的监测资料,对贝类体内Cd的含量水平进行了分析讨论;采用点估计的方法,评估贝类Cd的暴露量,对其安全性进行评价.结果表明,调查海域近江牡蛎、太平洋牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、翡翠贻贝和文蛤样品中Cd的平均含量分别为:1.80、0.38、0.12、0.26和0.15 mg·kg-1,其变化范围分别为:0.92～2.39 mg·kg-1、0.31～0.46 mg.kg-1、0.10～0.13 mg·kg-1、0.21～0.30 mg·kg-1和0.08～0.22 mg·kg-1.与其他海域贝类调查的数据相比,此次调查贝类体内Cd含量处于正常的波动范围.风险评估结果显示,近江牡蛎的风险商HQ＞1,表明人体存在过量摄入Cd的风险;其他4种贝类的HQ＜1,处于安全范围内.评价结果还显示,儿童的Cd暴露量高于成年人.此次调查近江牡蛎样品中Cd/Zn的比值(0.005)低于0.015的临界值,从微量元素平衡的角度,近江牡蛎中Cd的健康风险低.     

Predicting overlap between drift gillnet fishing and leatherback turtle habitat in the California Current Ecosystem

Concern over bycatch of protected species has become a key factor in shaping fisheries management decisions. In 2001, the National Marine Fisheries Service established an annual closure of a large mesh drift gillnet fishery targeting swordfish from central Oregon to central California between August 15 and November 15 because of concerns of bycatch of endangered leatherback turtles (the Pacific Leatherback Conservation Area, PLCA). The spatio‐temporal constraints of the PLCA were developed to encompass nearly all previously observed leatherback turtle bycatch events in the fishery. The PLCA has been effective at reducing bycatch of leatherback turtles but has reduced fishing opportunities. In this study, we examined whether the timing of the current PLCA closure is optimal for leatherback turtle conservation, by developing statistical models of leatherback turtle presence inside the PLCA based on environmental variables. We also examined finer‐scale spatiotemporal patterns of potential overlap between the fishery and leatherback turtle foraging habitat using Maxent and Random Forests applied to logbook data and leatherback turtle telemetry data. Our results suggest that the temporal extent of the current static closure period is the shortest and most effective for protecting the turtles while allowing fishing during low bycatch‐risk periods. We also found that it is possible to predict foraging habitat of leatherback turtles and fishing effort using environmental variables. Identification of spatial and temporal hotspots of potential overlap between fishing effort and leatherback turtle distribution can form a basis for dynamic management approaches.     

沿海岩岸黑松低效防护林更新改造技术

针对福清沿海岩岸低效黑松防护林现状,采用不同整地方式、不同苗木、不同造林密度及不同抚育施肥措施,对1 500hm2的低效黑松防护林进行更新改造试验。结果表明,厚荚相思和马占相思是适宜的更新改造树种;迎风面采用条状劈带整地、块状挖穴,背风面采用全面劈杂炼山、块状挖穴,并进行施肥、抚育等措施,有利于提高更新造林的成活率、保存率,促进幼林的生长,使岩岸基干林带防护功能得到迅速恢复。     

东海岛沙质海岸木麻黄无性系的生长比较

在东海岛沙质海岸防护林营造中,选用木麻黄8 个优良无性系和1 个本地实生苗进行造林对比试验。结果表明:造林后第3 年起8 个无性系的树高生长均快于实生苗,其中无性系“503”树高生长一直保持最快;随着时间的推移,无性系间树高生长差异有逐步缩小的趋势;到第5 年“503”树高生长与其他7 个无性系已无显著差异,只显著快于实生苗。4 年生前木麻黄各无性系间的胸径生长无显著差异,从第5 年起无性系“南三7”与实生苗的生长差异显著,此后,8 个无性系全部超过实生苗。     

黄海北部近岸鱼类的群落结构

1998年6月和9月通过对24个站位的底拖网调查,分析了黄海北部近岸水域鱼类的群落结构特征。结果表明：该水域鱼类的品质结构低质化,经济价值较低的中上层鱼类成为渔业资源的主要成分;区系组成以暖温性鱼类为主;鱼类群落结构较简单,其多样性和丰富度指数都很低,均匀度指数处中上水平。     

漳州滨海火山国家地质公园旅游开发的SWOT分析及其发展对策

漳州滨海火山地质公园是中国现有国家地质公园中规模最大、保存完好、景观最有特色的滨海火山国家地质公园。通过对其旅游开发进行SWOT分析,并借鉴国内旅游开发的成功案例,得出该国家地质公园的发展应抓住当前海西旅游发展的机遇,充分利用特有的滨海火山地质景观开发旅游产品,并通过促销宣传,以实现公园旅游的进一步发展。     

浙江沿海海洋水产动物的多氯联苯检测分析

对浙江沿海5个地区的贝类、虾类和鱼类等水产动物体内的多氯联苯进行GC-MS检测分析,研究多氯联苯各单体在不同生物体内的分布特征、影响因素和积累分布规律。结果表明：浙江沿海海域生物多氯联苯检出率为100%,ω(PCBs)为0.12～9.40μg/kg,低于国家标准限量。其中,贝类中ω(PCBs)为0.83 ~10.52 ng/g,平均值为4.20ng/g;虾类ω(PCBs)为0.43~2.18ng/g,平均值为1.27ng/g;鱼类中ω(PCBs)为0.50～2.63ng/g。平均值为1.61ng/g。总体看不同种类海洋生物PCBs含量贝类>鱼类>虾类。从地区分布来看三门地区海产品中PCBs含量最高,玉环、椒江次之,宁海最低。甲壳类样品的PCBs检出以六氯联苯(PCB138)为主,鱼类样品的PCBs检出以五氯联苯(PCB118)为主,表现出水生生物对高氯联苯富集量高于低氯联苯富集量的共同点。而在各类动物中PCBs检出量最高的样品,如缢蛏、僧帽牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔,都表现出了对于四氯联苯（PCB52）的强富集能力。     

Mortalities caused by the crustacean isopod, Cirolana fluviatilis, in tropical, cage-cultured Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: a case study from the southwest coast of India

Recurring mortalities inflicted by the cirolanid isopod Cirolana fluviatilis in the juveniles of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer , stocked in a cage farm in the Cochin backwaters, from November 2006 to May 2007, were investigated. Hatchery-reared fingerlings (size 8–12 cm) were cultured in floating cages and mortalities were observed after a rearing period of 1 month. The fish were found dead in the cages, with only the remnants of fish skeleton and all the flesh eaten away. Investigations revealed a very high abundance of isopods, identified as C. fluviatilis (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Isopoda and Ciroloanidae). During the first 2 months of stocking, 35% of the fingerlings died, and the cumulative mortality reached 45% in 6 months, considerably reducing the profits from the venture. Management measures for the control of the isopods are discussed. This is the first report on the isopod, C. fluviatilis , inflicting serious mortalities in a tropical cage-rearing system in the southwest coast of India.     

江苏沿海农田改造生态影响评价方法研究——以江苏射阳为例

[目的]对江苏沿海农田改造的生态影响进行评价。[方法]以射阳沿海农田改造为例,通过资料收集、实地调查与监测、专家咨询、文献研究等方法,构建了沿海农田改造的生态影响评价指标体系,包含生物资源、土壤、植被、水环境4个子系统,共12个指标。[结果]江苏沿海农田改造对土壤、生物资源、植被、水环境都有一定的影响,准则层土壤、生物资源、植被、水环境指标的权重分别为0.614、0.219、0.118、0.049,土壤指标所占权重最大,说明农田改造对土壤环境影响较大。12个指标中,核心的指标依次为土地垦殖率(权重0.389)、种群密度(权重0.164)和土壤有机质含量(权重0.088)。因此,在以后此类工程的环境影响评价中,应突出上述主要特征因子的识别与评价、监测等内容。[结论]该研究为江苏沿海资源的可持续利用和环境管理决策的制定提供了科学依据。