棉花柱头外露种质系的应用研究

以常规陆地棉为母本、柱头外露种质系为父本,按NCⅡ交配设计进行杂交,对其F#-1、F#-2代11个性状杂种优势和配合力的分析表明,F#-1、F#-2代产量性状和品质性状均具有明显的杂种优势,产量性状以籽棉产量、皮棉产量和单株铃数的优势最明显。F#-1与F#-2代的纤维品质以2.5%跨长和伸长率的优势最明显,麦克隆值的负向优势较明显。2.5%跨长和伸长率在F#-1、F#-2代中的表现趋势相似,籽棉产量和皮棉产量F#-2代的平均值与高亲值和中亲值的相关关系密切。一般配合力（GCA）效应值的大小和作用方向在F#-1、F#-2代中的表现趋势相似,GCA以中164、郑305和0305常规亲本表现较好,柱头外露种质系以94-34和94-51较优,特殊配合力（SCA）效应多数组合在F#-1、F#-2代中的表现趋势相似,0305×94-42多数性状为正,且值较大,综合表现较优。     

油松无性系群体育种值与遗传多样性研究

利用１５个同工酶位点４８个有效等位基因,在对一油松种子园３４个无性系育种值的估测基础上,分析了３４个育种值递增无性系数递减的选择群体和３４个无性系数递减的随机抽样群体的遗传多样性参数,以及参数随育种值和群体规模变化的关系．结果表明：在选择群体中,①平均等位基因数量（Ａ）和多态位点百分率（Ｐ０．０５）随群体中无性系数的减少而降低;②基因多样性（Ｄ）和实际杂合度（Ｈｏ）在群体中随育种值增加而增加,不因群体的无性系数量的减少而降低;③Ｄ和Ｈｏ随育种值增加的变化符合指数模型规律．     

寒地水稻新品种(系)抗稻瘟病性鉴定及利用

１９９２～１９９７年通过稻瘟病人工接种和自然感病２种方法,共鉴定寒地水稻新品种（系）６３２份（次）,鉴定出抗稻瘟病新品种（系）５２份,在黑龙江省先后推广普粘七号、藤系１３７等１２个,获得较好社会效益和经济效益。     

Evidence of genotype–diet interactions in the response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) clones to a diet with or without fishmeal at early growth

This study examined the genetic variability and genotype × diet interactions during early growth (initial mean body weight 1.2 g) among seven heterozygous clones of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The clones were hand-fed a diet containing either fishmeal or plant proteins during a 49-day trial divided into two periods (P1, 26 days, and P2, 23 days). Weight, variation of weight within clone, feed intake, feed efficiency and mortality were calculated for both periods.There was a highly significant effect of diet and of clone for all traits at both periods, except for feed efficiency and mortality at P1. Highly significant interactions between diet and clone were also recorded for all these traits, except for mortality at P1. The occurrence of genotype × diet interactions when feeding juvenile rainbow trout with an all plant-protein diet indicates that a highly performing genotype on a fishmeal diet may perform poorly when fed a plant-protein diet. Interactions were found for the two major determinants of growth, i.e. feed intake and feed efficiency, showing that the dietary response differs according to the genotype. Monitoring of the within-clone variability of weight showed that a plant-based diet is likely to enhance the overall phenotypic variance in a population, whatever its initial genetic variability.     

Generation of Paramoeba perurans clonal cultures using flow cytometry and confirmation of virulence

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) in farmed Atlantic salmon is caused by the amoeba Paramoeba perurans. The recent establishment of in vitro culture techniques for P. perurans has provided a valuable tool for studying the parasite in detail. In this study, flow cytometry was used to generate clonal cultures from single‐sorted amoeba, and these were used to successfully establish AGD in experimental Atlantic salmon. The clonal cultures displayed differences in virulence, based on gill scores. The P. perurans load on gills, determined by qPCR analysis, showed a positive relationship with gill score, and with clonal virulence, indicating that the ability of amoebae to proliferate and/or remain attached on gills may play a role in virulence. Gill scores based on gross signs and histopathological analysis were in agreement. No association between level of gill score and specific gill arch was observed. It was found that for fish with lower gill scores based on histopathological examination, gross examination and qPCR analysis of gills from the same fish were less successful in detecting lesions and amoebae, respectively.     

沙地植被恢复过程中克隆植物分布及其对群落物种多样性的影响

以科尔沁沙地草地植被不同恢复程度的 6个群落类型为对象 ,研究植被恢复过程中克隆植物的分布及其对群落结构和功能的影响。研究表明 :在植被恢复过程中 ,克隆植物 (主要是密集型克隆植物 )对群落环境的改变和群落生态功能的维持起主导作用 ,但克隆植物在群落中过高的优势度有可能导致群落物种丰富度和物种多样性的下降。恢复梯度上密集型克隆植物的重要值始终高于游击型克隆植物 ,说明密集型克隆植物对环境的适应能力和对群落环境的改造能力更强。     

重铬酸钾对不同倍性泥鳅鳍细胞系的毒性效应

以二倍体和三倍体泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)鳍细胞系(DIMF和TRMF)为实验材料,研究了重铬酸钾对细胞的氧化损伤、微核形成以及金属硫蛋白表达情况的影响,旨在多角度探讨重铬酸钾对细胞系的毒性效应,建立适合监测其污染情况的指标。采用MTT法测定了细胞的半数抑制浓度;使用试剂盒测定了3种主要抗氧化酶活性;吉姆萨染色后观察了细胞微核的变化,并通过实时定量PCR方法测定了金属硫蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,24 h急性毒性实验两种细胞系的半抑制浓度分别为(25.3±1.2)μmol/L、(27.9±0.6)μmol/L,DIMF对重铬酸钾的敏感性要高于TRMF。当重铬酸钾浓度为0~30μmol/L时,二个细胞系的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随染毒浓度升高而升高。当重铬酸钾浓度为0~20μmol/L时,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性逐渐升高,浓度为30~40μmol/L时,其活力开始下降。两种细胞系的谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性随重铬酸钾浓度增大逐渐降低。二倍体细胞系氧化酶活性均低于三倍体。微核试验显示,重铬酸钾可引起细胞核损伤,形成微核。当重铬酸钾浓度为40μmol/L时,DIMF、TRMF微核率达到最大,分别为7.33‰和8.00‰,DIMF微核率要低于TRMF。实时定量PCR结果显示,对照组金属硫蛋白(MT)基因表达量很低,但经重铬酸钾胁迫后,MT基因表达量显著升高(P0.01)。     

普通小麦（浙农林12×CASL7AS）DH系株高的分析

小麦株高与植株倒伏密切相关,影响小麦产量。为挖掘小麦株高QTL位点和候选基因,从遗传和分子水平上解释株高分子机理,本研究将野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系CASL7AS为母本,课题组自选株系浙农林12（简称ZNL12）为父本,杂交F₁经过花培得到178个DH群体。通过4年2个种植点株高数据,利用55K SNP芯片构建高密度遗传图谱,对小麦株高性状进行QTL分析。该遗传连锁图谱包含3 655个SNP标记,长度为4 738.45 cM,标记间平均遗传距离为1.30 cM,覆盖了小麦21条染色体。其中,A、B、D染色体组分别含有标记1 466、1 492和697个。QTL分析共检测出53个QTL位点,分布于1A、3A、5A、7A、1B、3B、4B、5B、7B、2D、4D、6D和7D染色体上,可解释2.80%~38.50%表型变异。其中,稳定主效 QTL有2个,分别为QPh.zafu.4B-1和QPh.zafu.4D-1,其贡献率分别为25.18%~38.50%和20.67%。经细胞生物学分析,基因型为（0,2）矮秆植株胚芽鞘的表皮细胞长度显著短于基因型为（2,0）的高秆植株,基因型为（0,0）、（2,2）中间型的植株胚芽鞘表皮细胞长度无显著差异,由此推测小麦株高的变异由细胞长度因素决定。QPh.zafu.4B-1候选基因Rht-B1b基因编码区矮秆株系,第904核苷酸处发生碱基“C-T”的突变,形成终止密码子(CAG-TAG);而QPh.zafu.4D-1候选基因Rht-D1b基因编码区矮秆株系,第781核苷酸处碱基突变“G-T”,编码氨基酸中缬氨酸变为天冬氨酸。结果为小麦株高候选基因的筛选和QTL定位提供了优异的遗传位点和候选基因,未来可用于小麦抗倒伏相关的分子标记辅助育种。     

江苏省不同麦区小麦品种（系）对赤霉病的抗性及籽粒DON积累分析

为拓宽小麦抗赤霉病育种资源库,收集江苏省淮南和淮北麦区共69份小麦品种（系）,在大田自然发病条件下调查赤霉病的发病情况,同时测定籽粒中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）毒素;并利用抗赤霉病基因Fhb1、Fhb2和Fhb5的功能标记或连锁标记对供试小麦品种（系）进行检测。结果表明,淮北麦区小麦品种（系）的赤霉病发病程度明显高于淮南麦区品种（系）;不同小麦品种（系）籽粒中DON毒素含量与病情指数、病穗率均呈极显著正相关;携带单个或多个抗性基因的小麦品种（系）的病情指数和籽粒DON含量大都有所降低,其中扬大617可能同时携带3个抗性基因（Fhb1+Fhb2+Fhb5）,其病穗率、病情指数及籽粒中DON含量均较低,可作为新的赤霉病抗源加以利用。     

春小麦航天育种效果的研究

将小麦纯系种子用硼酸溶液和水浸泡后进行航天诱变处理。研究表明 ,航天处理对种子发芽、出苗和生长有明显的促进作用 ,第 2代农艺性状具有广泛变异 ,而且正向变异较多 ,为后代选择提供了更多机遇。选出了 5个高产、抗病、优质的小麦新品系 ,其中 97- 5 1 99已进入生产试验