丽江新团黑谷近等基因系孕穗期耐冷性生化性状的主成分分析及综合评价

为建立鉴定水稻孕穗期耐冷种质资源的生化指标,以云南孕穗期耐冷标准品种昆明小白谷、丽粳2号和半节芒及粳稻近等基因系（十和田4／／丽江新团黑谷／十和田）的BC4 F8、BC4 F9群体105个家系及亲本为材料,在大田冷水胁迫及正常温度条件下,连续在2011年和2012年于水稻孕穗期分别测定剑叶、花药和籽粒的26个生化性状,采用主成分分析、隶属函数法、逐步回归分析和K-means聚类法进行指标筛选及耐冷性综合评价。结果表明,剑叶中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、叶绿素c、POD活性、游离氨基酸,以及剑叶和花药中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛、CAT活性、抗坏血酸、游离脯氨酸和籽粒中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、蛋白质和γ-氨基丁酸含量对耐冷性影响显著,可作为穗期耐冷性鉴定综合指标。采用隶属函数法获得低温胁迫下以剑叶、花药和籽粒中各生化性状为对象的综合耐冷D值,用K-means聚类法对各D值进行联合聚类,可将丽江新团黑谷NILs的105个株系划分为3类,其中强耐冷株系32株,中度耐冷10株,弱耐冷63株。     

水稻改良品系对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性评价

为评价水稻改良品系对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性,采用标准苗期集团筛选法和辅以人工接虫诱发的田间成株期抗性鉴定评价了水稻改良品系苗期对褐飞虱的抗性以及成株期对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性。结果表明,抗源RHT-sd1的改良品系G6和G8,Ptb33的改良品系G9和G10,Qb14的改良品系G15,Qb15的改良品系G16和G17对褐飞虱和白背飞虱均表现抗性,各抗源的改良品系对褐飞虱和白背飞虱均具抗性的检出率分别为25.0%、66.7%、25.0%和100.0%,可见对抗褐飞虱兼抗白背飞虱抗源品种进行改良可以获得多抗性新品系。本研究获得的7份抗褐飞虱兼抗白背飞虱改良品系在多抗性水稻品种的选育中具有重要的应用价值。     

农网配电线路损耗分析

配电网起着输送和分配电能的作用,线路损耗给供电企业造成很大的成本投入,降低能源的利用率。分析配电网线路损耗的原因,提出降低线路损耗的具体措施,以期为配电网节能降耗、安全运行提供参考。     

60个玉米自交系的SSR标记分析

利用SSR标记研究了60个山西省主要玉米(Zea maysL.)自交系的遗传变异。用23对扩增带型稳定的引物,从供试自交系中检测出91个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出等位基因2~7个,平均为3.96个,平均多态性信息含量为0.600。UPGMA聚类分析将60个自交系划分为唐四平头,旅大红骨,PN,BSSS,Lancaster,Suwan等6个类群,化群结果与其系谱关系和育种家经验基本一致。     

几个新育成粳型光温敏核不育系的配合力分析

用6个粳型光温敏核不育系(5个新育成和1个对照)和6个恢复系组成6×6不完全双列杂交,对11个主要农艺性状进行了配合力分析。结果表明,亲本的一般配合力效应在杂种F1的表现中比特殊配合力效应起着更重要的作用。各不育系单株产量的GCA效应与对照相比没有显著差异。Y27S、117S、118S的每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度属Ⅰ、Ⅱ类亲本,有效穗数、播始历期和全生育期属Ⅲ、Ⅳ类亲本,可用作选配早熟高产大穗型组合的亲本;B30S的有效穗数、结实率属Ⅰ类亲本,可用作选配多穗型组合的亲本。各性状的群体配合力方差组成中,单株产量的加性效应占57.72%,非加性效应占42.28%,相差不大,其余性状均以加性效应占主导地位。     

Development and evaluation of pyramiding lines carrying early or late heading QTLs in the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’

The heading date is an important trait for determining regional and climatic adaptability in rice. To expand the adaptability of the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’, we pyramided multiple early or late heading quantitative trait locus (QTLs) in the ‘IR64’ genetic background by crossing previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a single QTL for early or late heading. The effects of pyramiding QTLs were observed in three different climatic zones of the Philippines, Madagascar, and Japan. The early heading pyramiding lines (PYLs) headed 6.2 to 12.8 days earlier than ‘IR64’ while the late heading PYLs headed 18.8 to 27.1 days later than ‘IR64’. The PYLs tended to produce low grain yield compared to ‘IR64’. The low yield was not improved by combining SPIKE, which is a QTL that increases the number of spikelets per panicle. Conversely, ‘IR64-PYL(7+10)’ carrying Hd5 and Hd1 headed earlier, produced more tillers, and more panicles per m² than ‘IR64’, and mitigated the yield decrease in early heading. These results suggest that the effects of pyramided QTLs on heading date were consistent across various environments and PYLs could be used to enhance the adaptation of ‘IR64’ in other rice growing environments.     

基于物联网的远程温室视觉监控系统设计与实现

在当前智慧农业的大环境下,农作物生长过程的识别与监控问题一直是一项具有挑战性的任务,基于此提出一种基于物联网的远程温室视觉监控系统,系统通过LoRa无线通信技术监测温室内的温湿度、光照强度等环境参数,能够及时监测到农作物的生长状况,并实现自动通风、自动补光等功能。在PC端的Qt上位机实时监测温室内的环境信息并控制环境参数,通过OV9726摄像头对农作物进行监测,所获得的生长状态信息传输到S3C6410集中控制模块进行处理,结合克隆选择算法和朴素贝叶斯分类器对叶片进行识别处理。本系统采用LoRa模块进行自组网来实现环境监测,将Linux操作系统移植到集中控制模块,为视觉系统软硬件平台的搭建做准备工作,所使用的组合算法能够使得农作物叶片识别率达到95.3%,识别时间达到8.4 ms,对于叶片识别精度等方面有着明显的提升,经过实验充分验证本系统所使用的设备与算法的有效性。     

不同海拔生态区移栽唐古特大黄株系性状表现

为探究唐古特大黄移栽到不同海拔区域后的性状表现,确定合理的种植海拔,同时对唐古特大黄进行品种选优的初期筛选。选用唐古特大黄10个株系温室育苗移栽到青海5个不同海拔生态区进行适应性研究,利用灰色关联分析法确定10个株系植株的综合表现排名。结果表明,海拔对移栽第1年的株高、叶片数、最大叶叶长、最大叶叶宽、最大叶叶柄长、产生叶裂程度、最大叶叶裂长、最大叶叶裂宽、根茎长、根茎数、根茎粗、根茎鲜质量、根茎鲜质量产量有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,表现为随海拔升高各项指标极显著降低;10个株系中较优株系为L2、L9、L1、L5和L10,其次为L3、L6和L8,而L4和L7表现最差。综上所述,海拔影响栽培唐古特大黄的性状表现,在2 016～3 763 m内,海拔越高,植株性状表现越差;较优株系L1、L2、L5、L9、L10可作为品种选育进一步研究材料。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.     

干旱胁迫下玉米自交系抗旱性评价及筛选

以39份玉米自交系为材料,2017—2018年在甘肃省张掖市设置田间自然抗旱鉴定试验,筛选抗旱鉴定指标,综合评价玉米自交系的抗旱性。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下,39份玉米自交系的粉丝间隔时间延长了0~3 d,株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗干重、籽粒干重、出籽率及百粒重均降低,其中,穗干重、籽粒干重和出籽率3个指标分别为正常灌水处理的81.5%、79%和88.5%。穗干重、籽粒干重和出籽率与平均抗旱系数呈显著正相关,可作为玉米自交系抗旱鉴定的主要指标。利用加权抗旱系数法综合评价筛选出强抗旱玉米自交系10份,其中自交系E28、DH351、陇1222、浚92-8和黄早四,抗旱性达到极强。本研究所筛选到的抗旱自交系可在选育抗旱新品种中加强利用。