Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) somatic embryogenesis I. Initiation of embryogenic cultures from immature zygotic embryos

Immature female gametophytes and enclosed zygotic embryos of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) collected at various developmental stages were cultured either on eight initiation media supplemented with different plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations or on LPM medium solidified with two brands of agar. Embryonal-suspensor cell masses extruded from gametophyte explants infrequently produced white or translucent mucilaginous embryogenic cultures. Variation in extrusion frequency was observed across seed sources (families), explant collection dates, agar types and culture media. Increased explant maturity (as related to collection dates) reduced cell extrusion rates. Four types of extrusions were grouped according to their morphology. One type of extrusion produced the greatest number of established and long-surviving embryogenic cultures. This extrusion type (type I) was associated with an extrusion condition termed empty in which the entirety of the embryonal-suspensor mass was extruded out of the gametophyte. Three other extrusion types (types II, III and IV) showed less culture establishment and survival.     

瓜叶菊耐热无性系Z1-1-1的离体筛选与初步鉴定

以瓜叶菊增殖期的愈伤组织和丛生芽为材料,用高温胁迫和羟脯氨酸 (HYP)分别作为直接和间接选择压,进行瓜叶菊耐热无性系的离体筛选.结果表明:1) 40℃ 16～20h胁迫处理可以作为瓜叶菊耐热无性系离体直接筛选的适宜选择压,30 mmol·L-1 HYP 可以作为瓜叶菊耐热无性系离体间接筛选的适宜浓度;2) 经过高温间隔胁迫多代筛选获得了与其母株相比耐热性有了很大提高的无性系Z1-1-1;3) Z1-1-1 和其对照母株Z1的30 d移栽苗在叶片厚度、气孔指数、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度方面存在显著差异,另外,成年植株Z1-1-1 和Z1在花的育性上差异明显,Z1结实率85%以上,而Z1-1-1的结实率在人工授粉的情况下也仅1.0%;4) 在40℃ 24h胁迫后,Z1-1-1的热害指数、细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量、电解质伤害性外漏率远远低于其对照母株,而POD、SOD活性明显高于其对照母株,存在显著性差异.     

巨桉无性系生长早期选择

对26个巨桉无性系人工林生长性状的调查分析表明：胸径、材积在无性系间呈极显著差异,相关性分析结果表明胸径、树高、材积三者间存在极显著的正相关关系。变异系数最大的是材积,达到78.82%,其次为树高和胸径,分别为52.23%、23.13%。胸径、树高、材积的重复力分别为0.5744、0.5469、0.3453。利用综合评定方法评选出5个优良的巨桉无性系,分别为20、18、25、9和5号。5个优良无性系胸径、树高、材积的遗传增益分别为11.60%、11.09%和2.05%。     

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) somatic embryogenesis II. Maturation of somatic embryos and plant regeneration

Maturation of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) somatic embryos was achieved using two protocols, each starting with a different agar incubation step to deplete plant growth regulators (PGRs) used in previous cultural steps. Strength of maturation medium (single vs. double) was found important in the first protocol to develop normal, mature embryos. In the second protocol, abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations (0, 15 and 30 M) and carbohydrate sources were tested for embryo maturation. Thirty M ABA and 6% maltose were deemed the best combination. Embryo germination was accomplished in a continuously lighted environment and embryos receiving a cold pretreatment (4 °C in darkness for 16 days) germinated better than embryos which did not receive cold pretreatment. With a survival rate of 33% after acclimation in a mist system, more than 25 plants from somatic embryos have been established in a greenhouse. Incompletely germinated embryos (lacking roots) were rooted via adventitious rooting techniques and subsequently established in the greenhouse. All established plants obtained from somatic embryogenesis appear normal in morphology.     

红叶石楠扦插育苗技术

在查阅有关文献和总结育苗经验的基础上,从苗圃地的选择与规划、采穗圃的营建及管理、扦插技术、苗木移栽及病虫害防治等方面总结了红叶石楠无性扦插育苗技术,为红叶石楠苗木的规模化生产提供参考。     

国产人造板成套设备的现状及发展方向

本文分析了国产人造板生产线成套设备制造工业的现状及其在我国人造板产业发展中发挥的作用，指出了现有设备与国际先进水平的主要差距，并以苏福马公司为例，介绍了近几年来国产人造板成套设备制造企业在关键技术和设备改进方面所做出的尝试。     

植物近等基因系培育及在林木遗传改良上的应用探讨

近等基因系是分子遗传图谱构建、数量性状基因定位及分子标记辅助育种的重要基础。近等基因系选育主要有连续多次回交选育法、从突变体中分离获得、结合分子标记技术检测连续回交选育法、杂交高世代群体材料中分离选育等方法。本文介绍了主要农作物近等基因系构建及应用的研究进展,并结合林木植物的特点,提出了选择生长周期较短的木本植物柳树为材料,构建近等基因系,在此基础上形成林木遗传学研究模式树种的观点。     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacada L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.     

托里桉组培快繁技术初步研究

以2 a托里桉超级苗不同株系的茎段为外植体进行组培快繁研究,结果表明：适合诱导的培养基为MS改良+6-BA 0.5mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1;适合6号株系增殖培养基为MS改良+6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1,适合7号、10号株系的增殖培养基为MS改良+6-BA 0.3 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1;适当缩短继代周期是解决桉苗顶稍枯萎、上部叶片脱落等症状简单、有效的方法;适合的生根培养基为1/2MS改良+ IBA 0.2 mg·L-1+ ABT 0.6 mg·L-1,生根苗移栽成活率可达90%。     

基于国土空间三线融合的城市周边耕地分区保护研究

城市周边耕地保护是国土空间规划的重要议题,对保障城市生态安全和粮食安全以及促进城市可持续发展具有重大意义。本研究通过协同量化耕地自然质量特征以及周边立地条件的关系,融合永久基本农田红线、生态红线、城镇开发边界三线划定要求,在土地评价与立地条件分析（LESA）理论基础上构建基于自然质量与立地条件特征的综合评价系统,建立鞍山市主城区周边耕地利用与保护分区,提出耕地保护分区管控措施。结果表明：鞍山市域主城区耕地可分为4类区域：永久基本农田区占80.70%,永久基本农田储备区占10.15%,城镇开发边界弹性用地区占3.98%,生态保育区占5.17%。评价结果综合反映城市主城区周边耕地质量的差异性及立地环境的稳定性,同时融合国土空间中三线划定的政策要求,对城市主城区周边耕地布局进行有效探索,划定了永久基本农田保护区,又在一定程度上满足了城镇开发边界弹性发展空间用地需求和生态红线管控要求。