囊虫病猪血清CA效价与虫负荷的相关性及CA与Ab的动态观察

应用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测囊虫病猪血清中的循环抗原(CA),对CA效价与虫负荷的相关性作了初步观察,发现两者密切相关.轻度感染猪血清CA效价≤000,中度为1000～10000,重度为10000～100000.人工感染病猪血清一般在感染后1周检出CA,于感染后4～5周达高峰;抗体一般于感染后2周检出.这种方法可检出的最小虫负荷约为20个/猪     

猪囊虫循环抗原的特异性

用兔抗囊虫粗抗原IgG,以ELISA双抗体夹心法检测病、健猪血清,阳性率分别为10.68％和5.30％,两者之间无显著差异;经免疫复合物解离处理后,病、健猪血清的阳性率分别为35.29％和2.3％,两者之间差异显著。琼脂凝胶双扩散试验查明,某些病、健猪血清中存在一种共同的抗原成分,导致交叉反应。这种成分不易被3.5％PEG沉淀。病猪血清中还存在一种特异抗原成分,其反应性强,主要以免疫复合物的形式存在。     

1种检测弓形虫急性感染的夹心ELISA方法

弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）是一种人畜共患机会性致病原虫,其急性感染可导致宿主产生明显的临床症状和严重的病理损伤。弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白1（dense granuleprotein 1,GRA1）是一种良好的诊断抗原,也是弓形虫急性感染的标志物循环抗原（circulating antigen,CAg）的重要组分。本研究利用TgGRA1单克隆抗体建立双抗体夹心ELISA方法,为急性弓形虫感染的检测提供依据。将免疫GRA1-His的小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0进行融合,筛选出能稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞。选择其中一种单抗与HRP标记后的鼠源GRA1多抗配对,建立1种双抗体夹心ELISA方法,检测人工感染弓形虫的猪和小鼠血清样品,并将检测效果与巢式PCR（nest PCR,nPCR）和商品化试剂盒进行比较。结果筛选到4株杂交瘤细胞,腹水效价为10⁶~10⁷,亚型均为IgG1;IFA和Western blot结果显示,4株单抗均具有良好的反应性和特异性。选择1G2单抗和HRP标记多抗配对,建立了循环抗原双抗体夹心ELISA方法,最低能够检测到血清中1.563 ng·mL^-1 GRA1抗原,或者100 ng·mL^-1 ESA。该方法与nPCR相比具有较高的一致性,较市售商品化试剂盒更为准确可靠。本研究第1次将GRA1抗原作为急性弓形虫感染的诊断指标,建立相应的检测方法,成功地在人工感染样品中检测到弓形虫急性感染,可为弓形虫急性感染的诊断提供参考,对临床上急性弓形虫病的治疗有指导意义。     

Molecular approaches to equine sarcoids

Sarcoids are the most commonly diagnosed skin tumours in equines. Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are the primary causative agent of sarcoids. There has been intensive research to discover the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of this disease and tumour suppressors and proto-oncogenes known to play a role in human neoplastic conditions have been investigated in equine sarcoids. Current approaches include the identification of gene expression profiles, characterising sarcoid and normal skin tissues, and an assessment of epigenetic alterations such as microRNA differential expression and DNA methylation status. This review focuses on selected groups of genes that contribute to the molecular mechanisms of sarcoid formation. These genes have the potential to complement current clinical examinations of equine sarcoid disease in diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response and screening.     

Macronutrient modulation of mRNA and microRNA function in animals: A review

Dietary macronutrients have been regarded as a basic source of energy and amino acids that are necessary for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, metabolic programming as well as protein synthesis. Due to the emergence of “nutrigenomics”, a unique discipline that combines nutritional and omics technologies to study the impacts of nutrition on genomics, it is increasingly evident that macronutrients also have a significant role in the gene expression regulation. Gene expression is a complex phenomenon controlled by several signaling pathways and could be influenced by a wide variety of environmental and physiological factors. Dietary macronutrients are the most important environmental factor influencing the expression of both genes and microRNAs (miRNA). miRNA are tiny molecules of 18 to 22 nucleotides long that regulate the expression of genes. Therefore, dietary macronutrients can influence the expression of genes in both direct and indirect manners. Recent advancements in the state-of-the-art technologies regarding molecular genetics, such as next-generation sequencing, quantitative PCR array, and microarray, allowed us to investigate the occurrence of genome-wide changes in the expression of genes in relation to augmented or reduced dietary macronutrient intake. The purpose of this review is to accumulate the current knowledge focusing on macronutrient mediated changes in the gene function. This review will discuss the impact of altered dietary carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake on the expression of coding genes and their functions. In addition, it will also summarize the regulation of miRNA, both cellular and extracellular miRNA, expression modulated by dietary macronutrients.     

Immunomagnetic isolation of canine circulating endothelial and endothelial progenitor cells

Background: Increased concentrations of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are thought to be a biomarker of vascular injury in human patients with cardiovascular disease, neoplasia, vasculitis, sickle cell anemia, shock, and sepsis. Immunomagnetic isolation is a technique currently used to enumerate human CECs and can detect low numbers of cells. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a standard protocol for immunomagnetic isolation could be used to obtain and enumerate CECs and a subpopulation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from canine whole blood. Methods: Cultured canine aortic endothelial cells were stained immunohistochemically with von Willebrand factor to verify morphology and number. Using magnetic beads conjugated with anti‐CD146, CECs/EPCs were isolated in culture and in canine whole blood. CD146‐positive cells were stained with fluorescein‐conjugated Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA‐1) to confirm endothelial origin and cells were counted manually using a fluorescent microscope. The method was then applied to EDTA‐anticoagulated whole blood samples from 10 healthy client‐owned dogs. Results: The anti‐CD146–coated magnetic beads (>5/cell) bound the cultured canine aortic endothelial cells. Only rare UEA‐1–positive cells were obtained from whole blood, while >85–90% of cultured canine aortic endothelial cells were UEA‐1 positive. The percentage recovery of cultured canine aortic endothelial cells was >86%. CECs in canine whole blood had >8 beads attached to the surface and were 10–40 μm in size. Using immunomagnetic isolation, 43.4 ± 15.6 CECs/mL (range 24–70/mL) were isolated from canine whole blood samples. Conclusions: Immunomagnetic isolation is an acceptable method for enumerating canine CECs/EPCs in whole blood. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical significance of CEC/EPC concentration in different canine diseases.     

C型凝集素受体在肿瘤免疫作用中的研究进展

先天免疫是宿主识别病原及消除病原感染的第一道防线。模式识别受体是参与识别病原入侵的主要分子,主要包括Toll样受体、RIG-I样受体、NOD样受体和C型凝集素受体等。模式识别受体在识别病原相关分子模式后,激活机体的先天免疫信号通路,诱导炎症细胞因子和干扰素的产生,从而启动抵抗病原入侵的免疫应答。越来越多的证据表明,免疫应答的激活、维持和终止受到了严格的调节,使机体在保持一定免疫强度的同时避免产生过度的免疫反应。microRNA是一类长度为18~23 nt的微小非编码RNA,是鱼类先天免疫应答网络中的重要调控因子。近年来,microRNA在鱼类免疫学领域已开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对其进行及时地全面性的总结。本文综述了近年来miRNA在鱼类先天免疫反应中的研究进展,以期为鱼类的分子抗病育种及疾病防控研究提供一些思路。