Effects of Yeast Culture on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of yeast culture on growth performance, meat quality and intestinal microflora of broilers. A total of 432 1-day-old AA commercial broiler chicks with initial body weight of (41.73±0.15)g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 broilers per replicate,receiving diets supplemented with 0,0.1%,0.2% and 0.3% yeast culture, respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days which was divided into two periods with 1 to 21 d and 22 to 42 d,respectively.The feed intake,body weight,death and culling rate were recorded in each period. At the end of the experiment,1 chickens in each replicate with the weight close to the average value were slaughtered after fasting for 12 h. The slaughter performance and intestinal microflora counts were determined.The results showed that compared with control group,the supplementation of 0.2% and 0.3% yeast culture significantly increased the body weight at 42 d and the average daily gain (ADG) during the whole trial (P< 0.05).The diet supplemented with 0.2% yeast culture significantly improved the ADG,decreased the F/G of broilers during 22 to 42 d (P< 0.05),and it also significantly increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and ADG (P< 0.05),decreased the F/G of the whole period (P< 0.05).Moreover,the supplementation of 0.2% yeast culture significantly decreased the drip loss of meat and the count of Escherichia coli (P< 0.05),and significantly increased the count of Bifidobacterium(P< 0.05). In summary, the supplementation of 0.2% yeast culture could significantly improve the growth performance and the muscle quality of broilers.The intestinal microflora in broiler cecum were effectively optimized after inclusion of yeast culture in the study.     

吡啶甲酸铬安全性研究进展

吡啶甲酸铬作为有机铬添加剂，已成为普遍使用的铬营养补充物质。但目前尚未正式发布动物最低需要量和最高耐受量的具体数据。吡啶甲酸铬的安全性仍在研究探索之中，但得到的研究结果不尽一致。为此作者就吡啶甲酸铬的安全性研究及现有可能存在的代谢途径进行综述，以便为日后吡啶甲酸铬的研究提供理论基础。     

活性酵母对猪生长性能的影响试验

选取60头杜大长仔猪进行活性酵母菌对仔猪生长性能的影响试验,结果显示,饲料中添加活性酵母可以提高猪只的日增重、料肉比,在保育期添加活性酵母菌可以显著控制仔猪腹泻的发生,提高T淋巴细胞转化率,表明添加活性酵母菌在动物饲养过程中有良好的效果。     

添加烟酸铬对生长肥育猪的生长性能、代谢及组织学的影响

将选用的 12 0头杜长大杂交生长肥育猪随机分成 4组 ,3组为实验组 ,1组为对照组 .在实验组的日粮中添加 2 0 0、50 0、10 0 0 μg· kg-1烟酸铬 (以 Cr元素计 )进行为期 2个月的试验 .结果表明 :( 1)试验组日增重比对照组分别提高 11.7%、11.1%和 12 .5% ;料重比分别提高 5.5%、5.6%和 4 .2 % .( 2 )添加 Cr对血清中 K+、Na+、Cl-、总蛋白、白蛋白、脂蛋白及血红蛋白无影响 ( P>0 .0 5) ;血清中 Ca2 +、PO3-4 、尿素氮、尿酸、甘油三酯、胆固醇和血糖含量显著下降 ( P<0 .0 5) ;血清碱性磷酸酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶含量明显升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;磷酸肌酸激酶含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;而乳酸脱氢酶无明显改变 ( P>0 .0 5) .( 3) Cr含量均未超过国家限量标准 .( 4 )未发现器官的组织结构和细胞形态有何改变 .由此可见 ,在生长肥育猪中添加一定量烟酸铬制剂对猪有积极正面效应     

吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭后期作用效果初探

选用21日龄樱桃谷鸭36只，采用有重复对照试验，比较饲粮中添加0．2×10－6吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭生产性能、屠体品质和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明，吡啶羧酸铬对增重、饲料转化率无显著影响，对屠宰率、胸肌率和皮脂率亦无显著影响；但使心重、血清总甘油三酯显著降低，血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著增加。     

铬对热应激肉鸡消化器官的影响

选用处于热应激条件下的24只16日龄科宝(COBB)肉鸡。随机分成试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和对照组。试验组分别添加饲喂10、20、30mg/kg含铬的玉米—豆粕型基础日粮25d。试验结束后,通过对试验组肉鸡消化器官显微组织学观察表明:给热应激下肉鸡补充有机铬,可缓解热应激反应,增强机体免疫功能。     

酶促反应在黄浆水酯化技术中的应用研究

从优质大曲中分离出具有高活性酯化能力的微生物,用于黄浆水的酯化,利用酶促反应,加速加大黄浆水的酯化速度和效率。同时,摸索出黄浆水中各种酯化因素的最佳参数,黄浆水酯化液在生产中的应用方法等。     

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance,glutathione peroxidase,and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

Normal or elevated selenium status of broilers, which is influenced by dietary selenium sources, improves the bird’s ability to overcome the adverse effects of reactive oxygen metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of peroxidized poultry fat on blood and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and hepatic glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens fed either inorganic sodium selenite (SEL) or organic selenium enriched in the organic selenium yeast product Sel-Plex (SP). Nine starter diets, varying in levels of oxidized fat (0, 3, and 6 mEq/kg) and dietary selenium sources, were fed to 360 male chicks from hatch to 21 d of age. Sel-Plex or SEL was added to the basal diet to provide either 0 or 0.2 ppm of supplemental selenium in the diets. Blood and hepatic samples were obtained for each treatment group at 21 d of age. Neither peroxidized fat nor selenium source significantly altered the activity of hepatic glutathione reductase (P ≤ 0.05). Blood GSH-Px was influenced significantly by both fat and selenium source (P ≤ 0.05), but the fat × selenium source interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.3). A selenium source effect on the hepatic GSH-Px activity (P ≤ 0.05) was evidenced by higher GSH-Px activity, even in the basal diet with no added peroxidized fat. An increase in GSH-Px activity was seen in the erythrocyte and hepatic samples in both the SEL and SP treatments when peroxidized fat was given at 3 mEq/kg, but in the erythrocytes and in the hepatic tissues from SEL-supplemented birds, there was an apparent inhibition of GSH-Px activity. This inhibition was not seen in the hepatic tissue samples from SP-fed birds. Because elevated GSH-Px activity is indicative of oxidative stress, it was concluded that dietary SP supplementation resulted in better selenium and redox status in broilers than did SEL. These results indicate that the dietary selenium supplied in an organic form (selenium yeast as SP) improved the selenium and redox status in broilers, leading to greater resistance to oxidative stress than when the inorganic form of selenium (SEL) was fed.     

PRSV NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及自激活检测

用PCR技术获得NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,将这些基因分别克隆到pBD-GAL4载体中,构建酵母双杂交系统的诱饵载体pBD-GAL4-NIa-pro、pBD-GAL4-NIa-vpg和pBD-GAL4-NIb.测序正确后,将重组质粒导入YRG-2酵母菌株,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性及对报告基因有无激活作用.结果表明,获得了正确的NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,并成功克隆到pBD-GAL4诱饵载体中,且转化有诱饵载体的YRG-2在SD/-Trp营养缺陷平板上生长良好,说明表达产物对酵母细胞无毒性,对报告基因也无自激活作用,为下一步利用酵母双杂交系统检测与NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定基础.