不同遮荫程度对假俭草光合特性和抗氧化能力的影响

试验以50%和70%遮荫下生长的假俭草为材料,研究了不同遮荫程度对假俭草光合特性和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：与全光照相比,2种遮荫处理,尤其50%遮荫,显著地提高了叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量,而叶片净光合速率及光饱和点发生了降低,相比而言,丙二醛含量和叶绿素a/b比值没有发生显著变化。另外,随着遮荫强度的加大,超氧化物歧化酶活性不断降低,电解质外渗率不断增加,而脯氨酸的积累则显著减少、说明遮荫下植株的抗氧化能力降低。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用简

据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine,TGEV）S基因序列设计1对特异性引物,通过对实时荧光定量RT-PCR反应条件的优化,建立了SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测TGEV的方法,同时对12份病料进行检测,并与常规RT-PCR进行比较。结果显示,该方法的敏感性达到43.07拷贝/μL,具有良好的特异性和重复性,而常规RT-PCR最低只检测到4.307×10³ 拷贝/μL,敏感性较低。本试验建立的检测TGEV S基因的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法为传染性胃肠炎的鉴别诊断及TGEV的分离鉴定奠定了技术基础。     

反刍动物饲料产品和动物源性饲料产品中牛羊源成分检测

[目的]检测反刍动物饲料和动物源性饲料中牛羊源成分。[方法]利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对反刍动物饲料产品（预混料、精料补充料、全价配合料等）和动物源性饲料产品（鱼粉、禽肉粉、猪肉粉、羽毛粉等）共计131批样品进行了牛羊源成分检测。[结果]所有样品中均未检出牛羊源性成分。[结论]该次抽检的反刍动物饲料产品和动物源性饲料产品中暂无牛羊源成分污染,但仍应加强对反刍动物饲料和动物源性饲料中牛羊源成分的监测。     

Evaluation of coral bleaching condition <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> using an underwater pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer

ABSTRACT:   Photosynthetic activities of hermatypic corals (28 genera, c . 68 species and c. 92 specimen) were measured in November 2000 at Sekisei lagoon, Okinawa, Japan, using an underwater pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) ranged from 0.61 to 0.70 and had an average value of 0.664 (standard deviation [SD], 0.0289). Following the measurement of Fv/Fm, quantum yield (Fm'-F)/Fm' at eight-leveled actinic-light intensities were obtained from all specimens. Values of electronic transport rates (ETR) were nearly the same under low photosynthetic active radiation (PAR; µmol quanta/m² per s) condition and varied with increasing PAR. The value of ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s ranged from 21.3 to 30.0 and had an average of 27.8 (SD, 2.09). In August 2001, a coral bleaching event was observed in Sekisei Lagoon. During the event, photosynthetic activities of 21 specimens of eight species (seven genera) were measured. By applying two indicators, Fv/Fm and ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s obtained in August 2000, 18 of 21 specimens were suggested under the bleaching process. In case of Porites lutea , seven colonies were visually evaluated for their condition of bleaching and were found to have two 'normal', three 'slightly bleached' and two 'heavily bleached'. From the density of zooxanthellae, colonies evaluated 'normal' or 'slightly bleached' did not show an apparent difference. However, they were clearly identified by Fm/Fv and ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s.     

Growth of cultured mussels (Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791) at a deep-water chlorophyll maximum layer

We tested the hypothesis that yield of the mussel Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791) could be increased by placing culture ropes deep into the water column to take advantage of deep‐water chlorophyll a maxima. The study site, in Pelorus Sound, New Zealand, showed periods of thermal stratification of the water column, causing a high concentration of phytoplankton in deeper water, at the thermocline. Mussels were grown simultaneously at 5 and 17 m, for up to 96 days. Mussel growth and condition index data showed no significant differences between the two depth treatments, indicating that in this system there may not be substantial mussel productivity benefits from lowering mussel farms to the deep‐water chlorophyll maximum layer.     

施用不同有机肥对香草兰生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过大田试验研究施用不同有机肥对香草兰生长,叶绿素荧光特性及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:有机肥和生物有机肥混合施用的处理香草兰茎蔓和叶片干重显著高于施用牛粪的处理;施用生物有机肥和有机肥的处理香草兰叶片表观电子光合传递速率(ETR)和实际光化学效率(Yield)无显著性差异,但均显著高于施用牛粪的处理;有机肥和生物有机肥混合施用的处理土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性显著高于施用牛粪的处理。综上所述,有机肥和生物有机肥配合施用可显著促进香草兰生长,提高香草兰的光能利用效率和土壤酶活性。     

Glycol Chitosan-Based Fluorescent Theranostic Nanoagents for Cancer Therapy

Theranostics is an integrated nanosystem that combines therapeutics with diagnostics in attempt to develop new personalized treatments with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety. As a promising therapeutic paradigm with cutting-edge technologies, theranostic agents are able to simultaneously deliver therapeutic drugs and diagnostic imaging agents and also monitor the response to therapy. Polymeric nanosystems have been intensively explored for biomedical applications to diagnose and treat various cancers. In recent years, glycol chitosan-based nanoagents have been developed as dual-purpose materials for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. They have shown great potential in cancer therapies, such as chemotherapeutics and nucleic acid and photodynamic therapies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and potential applications of glycol chitosan-based fluorescent theranostic nanoagents for cancer treatments and discuss their possible underlying mechanisms.     

Simple and Rapid Quality Control of Sulfated Glycans by a Fluorescence Sensor Assay—Exemplarily Developed for the Sulfated Polysaccharides from Red Algae Delesseria sanguinea

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin.     

不同水分条件下保水剂对黄瓜根系和叶片生理特征的影响

[目的]研究不同土壤干旱生境中保水剂对黄瓜根系和叶片生理特征的影响,探讨其生长效应与土壤水分的内在联系,为保水剂的合理施用和农田科学灌溉等提供一定的技术参考。[方法]利用盆栽模拟试验,通过定量灌水,系统研究在3种不同的土壤水分条件下,保水剂对黄瓜根际水分、根系形态特征、叶绿素荧光参数和叶片气孔性状等生理特性的影响。[结果](1)不同水分条件下,保水剂处理的黄瓜根系生长受到明显抑制。与对照相比,保水剂处理组在土壤含水量为田间持水量70%(FC₂)和55%(FC₃)时的总根长、平均根系直径、总根体积、根表面积和根干重均显著降低,分别降低了3.4%,24.2%,62.1%,41.0%和51.6%以上。(2)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,保水剂处理叶片的有效光合效率(F_v′/F_m′)和实际量子产量[Y(Ⅱ)]较对照出现先升后降的变化趋势,非光化学淬灭(NPQ)则呈相反的变化;尤其在FC₂和FC₃处理时,保水剂处理促使黄瓜叶片的光化学淬灭(q_P)较对照分...     

低温寡照条件下黄瓜叶片光合作用减弱的机理分析

以黄瓜品种‘津优101’（Jinyou101）为试材,于2020−2021年在南京信息工程大学利用人工气候箱开展低温寡照双因素环境控制试验。昼/夜温设置13℃/3℃、16℃/6℃、19℃/9℃、22℃/12℃共4个水平,光合有效辐射（PAR）设置200和400μmol·m−2·s−1两个水平,各处理均分别持续3、6、9、12d,以28℃/18℃和800μmol·m−2·s−1的光温设置为对照（CK）。测定不同处理下幼苗期黄瓜叶片的叶绿体色素含量、光合参数和快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数,以探究低温寡照条件下黄瓜幼苗叶片光合作用减弱的机理。结果表明：（1）不同处理下黄瓜叶片的各叶绿体色素含量均随温度和PAR降低而降低,随处理时间延长而降低。（2）不同处理下叶片最大光合速率（Pmax）、光饱和点（LSP）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均随胁迫程度和时间的增加呈降低趋势,光补偿点（LCP）随胁迫程度和时间的增加呈上升趋势,说明低温寡照胁迫程度越深、胁迫时间越长,黄瓜叶片光合作用越弱。（3）随着胁迫程度加深和时间延长,黄瓜叶片快速荧光诱导动力学曲线（OJIP曲线）的JIP相逐渐下降;能量分配比率参数（φPo、ψEo和φEo）均逐渐减小;单位活性反应中心所吸收（ABS/RC）和捕获（TRo/RC）的光能逐渐增加,但用于电子传递的光能（ETo/RC）仍逐渐减少。本研究证实,低温寡照处理使黄瓜叶片气孔导度下降,气体交换受阻;天线色素含量降低,叶片吸收和捕获的光能减少;PSII性能降低,用于光化学反应的能量减少,因而叶片光合作用减弱。