甲醇用作柴油替代燃料的研究进展

在比较甲醇、柴油及汽油物化特性的基础上,分析了甲醇作为柴油替代燃料的优劣势,综述了柴油机燃甲醇的方法;同时,结合西华大学制定《M10车用甲醇汽油》四川省地方标准和甲醇在柴油机中应用的研究工作,指出甲醇用作柴油替代燃料的应用趋势,为甲醇用作柴油替代燃料的研究提供参考.     

Identification of Volatiles of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum

The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum, often called P. minimum, is a potentially toxic alga found in algal blooms. Volatile compounds released by the alga might carry important information, e.g., on its physiological state, and may act as chemical messengers. We report here the identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by two strains, xenic P. cordatum CCMP 1529 and axenic P. cordatum CCMP 1329. The volatiles released during culture were identified despite their low production rates, using sensitive methods such as open-system-stripping analysis (OSSA) on Tenax TA desorption tubes, thermodesorption, cryofocusing and GC/MS-analysis. The analyses revealed 16 compounds released from the xenic strain and 52 compounds from the axenic strain. The majority of compounds were apocarotenoids, aromatic compounds and small oxylipins, but new natural products such as 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide were also identified and synthesized. The large difference of compound composition between xenic and axenic algae will be discussed.     

Therapeutic Potential of Phlorotannin-Rich Ecklonia cava Extract on Methylglyoxal-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in In Vitro Model

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Methylglyoxal (MGO), one of the major precursors of AGEs, is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phlorotannin-rich Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) on MGO-induced diabetic nephropathy in in vitro models using mouse glomerular mesangial cells. ECE showed anti-glycation activity via breaking of AGEs-collagen cross-links and inhibition of AGEs formation and AGE-collagen cross-linking formation. The renoprotective effects were determined by assessing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MGO accumulation, cell apoptosis, and the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. MGO-induced renal damage, intracellular ROS production level, and MGO-protein adduct accumulation were significantly decreased by pretreating ECE. Moreover, ECE pretreatment exhibited preventive properties against MGO-induced dicarbonyl stress via activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and reduction of RAGE protein expression in mouse glomerular mesangial cells. Collectively, these results indicated potential anti-glycation properties and prominent preventive effects of ECE against MGO-induced renal damage. Additionally, ECE may be utilized for the management of AGE-related diabetic nephropathy.     

基于卤水的养殖用水中Ca2+/Mg2+对凡纳滨对虾生长及体内SOD和AKP的影响

淡水稀释取自盐场的卤水,调节Ca2 、Mg2 的质量浓度和比例,设置系列梯度,进行凡纳滨对虾的养殖试验,测定生长比速及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的酶活性。试验表明,过高或过低的Ca2 质量浓度都会影响凡纳滨对虾的存活和生长,在Ca2 质量浓度为320 mg/L,Ca2 /Mg2 为1∶2.5时,其存活与生长最佳;同时SOD和AKP酶活性也最高。酶活性可以指示凡纳滨对虾的生长状况。     

基于Pro/E的渐开线直齿轮参数化设计

介绍了一种在Pro／E中创建渐开线直齿轮模型的方法,结合其中的二次开发工具程序和关系,实现了后续制作该类型齿轮时,可通过人机交互方式给定齿轮参数,系统自动生成齿轮模型,避免大量重复的设计工作。     

柚三倍体种子败育过程观察及内源激素消长动态

以柑橘异源四倍体为父本与单胚性柚杂交后,其三倍体种子的集中败育期为授粉后90～110 d,在柚的第2次生理落果(授粉后60d)之后,即三倍体种子的集中败育不会引起柚的大量落果.采用固相抗体型酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对柚三倍体种子及果肉中GA1/3、ABA的检测可知,随着种子的成熟或败育,GA1/3含量较低(0.019～0.025 nmol·g-1),并呈下降趋势,ABA含量上升至最大值10.84nmol·g-1.同一发育时期,果肉中ABA含量缓慢上升,GA1/3含量也有波动,但GA1/3一直处于主导地位,因此柚三倍体种子虽大量败育,引起果实发育的暂时变缓,但并不能改变或阻止果实的正常发育进程.     

基于GF-6/WFV卫星遥感的大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量估测

为对大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量（LNC）进行快速、准确及无损监测,通过在江苏省泰州泰兴市、盐城大丰区和南通如皋市布设冬小麦遥感监测大田试验,在获取试验样点冬小麦冠层红光波段反射率（RED_ref）、近红外波段反射率（NIR_ref）和计算的十个光谱指数（RVI、NDVI、DVI、SAVI、OSAVI、MSR、RDVI、EVI2、NLI和SVI）基础上,将12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC进行相关分析,选出与LNC相关性较好的作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型, 并利用GF-6/WFV卫星遥感影像对县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布开展监测。结果表明,12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中NDVI、RVI、MSR、OSAVI和NLI与冬小麦LNC的相关性较好（相关系数不低于0.65）。将优选的5个遥感光谱指标作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型（LNC-BPEM）,模型的估测精度r²=0.866,RMSE=0.246%,ARE=12.9%。将冬小麦LNC-BPEM估测模型和GF-6/WFV影像结合对县域冬小麦LNC的空间信息监测,获得了如皋县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布特征,该区域冬小麦LNC范围在0.9%~2.0%（长势正常）的种植面积为29 693.3 hm²,占冬小麦总种植面积的74%。这说明利用GF-6/WFV卫星的多个遥感光谱指标与神经网络结合建模可有效估测县域大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量。     

鸡肉、鸡蛋中4种酰胺醇类药物残留的液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法建立

建立了鸡肉、鸡蛋中4种酰胺醇类药物(氯霉素CAP、氟苯尼考FF、甲砜霉素TAP、氟苯尼考胺FFA)残留的超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速分析方法。样品用80%的乙腈震荡提取,经过PRiME HLB固相萃取柱直接净化,在40℃下氮吹浓缩,最后用10%乙腈复溶。以0.01%甲酸水-0.01%甲酸乙腈溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行测定,内标法定量。4种酰胺醇类药物在0.5~20 ng/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,R₂^在0.9982~ 0.9988范围内。添加量为0.5、1、5μg/kg时,鸡肉中4种酰胺醇类药物回收率为89.6%~104.2%,鸡蛋中4种酰胺醇类药物回收率为85.9%~105.5%。通过回收率和精密度试验得出该方法具有较好的准确度和重复性。通过试验得出4种酰胺醇类药物检出限为0.05~0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.2~0.5 μg/kg,本法操作简便、灵敏,准确,适合大批量鸡肉、鸡蛋样品中4种酰胺醇类药物的检测。     

2种头孢氨苄片在比格犬体内的药代动力学及生物等效性试验

【目的】研究头孢氨苄片受试制剂和参比制剂在比格犬体内的生物等效性。【方法】采用双周期和双序列交叉设计,将22只健康比格犬随机分成2组,按30 mg/kg BW分别单剂量口服头孢氨苄片受试制剂Trolevis~?300和参比制剂Rilexine~?300,于给药前(0 h)和给药后0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、4、6、8、12、17和24 h从臂头静脉采血。对超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法进行特异性、线性、检测限、准确度、精密度、稳定性等方法学考察。利用建立好的UPLC-MS/MS方法测定血浆中的药物浓度,并用WinNonlin^TM 8.1软件对药代动力学参数进行分析计算。【结果】方法学结果显示,在100～5 000 ng/mL浓度范围内相关性良好,相关系数(R²)≥0.99,标准曲线方程为y=10.6828x-176.481;高、中、低3个浓度的相对回收率平均值分别为105.63%、104.35%和102.40%;日内和日间变异系数均<15%;检测限为50 ng/mL,定量限为100 ng/mL。药代动力学结果...     

基于Matlab/Simulink的车辆防抱死制动仿真系统

基于Matlab/Simulink仿真技术,建立了一种四轮车辆制动防抱死系统(ABS)的车辆动力学模型,嵌入了气压制动系统和ABS控制逻辑模型;对不同汽车在各种路况制动时的运动状态进行模拟。用户可方便地通过窗口输入车辆、路面参数及车轮转角等车辆行驶动态参数,便可完成对目标车辆制动时运动轨迹的动态仿真,为ABS产品的开发和与目标车辆的匹配提供了依据。