南宁市道路绿化植物组成与结构特征分析

[目的]为了创造良好的城市道路绿化系统,加快南宁市的城市化发展进程。[方法]结合线路法与样地法,对4条主要道路(民族大道、友爱立交桥、星光大道、碧云路)的绿化植物资源进行调查,分别记录各条道路的乔木结构与灌木结构的植物种类、数量、生长状况、面积、分布状况和配置等。[结果]南宁市最常用的道路绿化树种主要有42种,其中乔木有19种,灌木有21种,草本植物有2种;各道路绿化效果的优劣次序为:碧云路>民族大道>友爱立交>星光大道。[结论]南宁道路绿化发展趋势的变化状况及绿化水平较高,也体现了该市的地方绿化特色。     

牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒一抗原蛋白的确认及定位

以牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒（LCDV）为抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,而后将小鼠脾细胞与P3U1骨髓瘤细胞融合,以囊肿组织冰冻切片的免疫荧光染色筛选杂交瘤细胞,阳性结果显示特异性块状荧光信号集中在囊肿细胞的细胞质边缘部分,且多个荧光信号相连呈现链圈状,有限稀释 法克隆阳性杂交瘤细胞,三次克隆后获得4株稳定产生抗LCDV抗体的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株（1A8、1D7、2B6、2D11）。应用Western-blotting法分析单抗识别蛋白的分子量,结果显示,单抗1D7 和2B6均能特异性结合一条分子量116 kD病毒多肽;应用免疫电镜技术定位单抗识别的抗原决定簇,结果发现胶体金颗粒集中吸附在病毒粒子衣壳周围,且背景清洁,无散在的金颗粒或其他污染物。实验结果说明分子量约为116 kD的蛋白多肽为LCDV病毒衣壳蛋白,且具有线性抗原决定簇。     

Filtering method for obtaining stock indices by shark species from species-combined logbook data in tuna longline fisheries

ABSTRACT:   A method of filtering logbook data to obtain estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for sharks has been proposed which simultaneously addresses the issues of under-reporting and the lack of species-specific catch records in historical data. Logbook catch data from vessels with high shark reporting rates are used to represent catch rates for the abundant blue shark Prionace glauca and low reporting vessels' data are used for the main commercially valuable species, the shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus . Logbook reporting rate filter (RRF) levels are evaluated through analytical and model-based comparisons to species-specific logbook records available since 1994 and shipboard observer data. At the high reporting rates, the ≥ 80% filter avoids large numbers of false zeros and provides the best fit to observer data for blue shark. At the low reporting rates, the ≤ 40% filter best matches the observer data for makos, but this filter level includes large numbers of false zeros and sharks of other species. The ≤ 20% filter produces a dataset that is better targeted to mako catches but considerably under-estimates CPUE relative to observer records. For these reasons, other means of estimating mako catch rates are suggested for further research.     

中华绒螯蟹核糖体DNA全序列分析

核糖体DNA通常被选作系统发育研究的分子标记,核糖体DNA中IGS部分序列的变异在一定程度上影响着生物的生长。报道了中华绒螯蟹核糖体DNA全序列的分离和序列特征。中华绒螯蟹核糖体DNA全长11660bp,包括18S(1873bp),ITS1(317bp),5.8S(163bp),ITS2(614bp),28S(4461bp)和IGS(4240bp);不同部分AT含量在40.1%～48.6%之间,低于果蝇(55.8%～80.0%),高于鲤(22.0%～43.7%)。平均100个核苷酸含简单重复序列(SSR)数由高到低依次为ITS2(0.98%),IGS(0.49%),28S(0.38%),ITS1(0.32%),18S(0.21%),5.8S(0%)。个体内差异分析结果表明,中华绒螯蟹个体内存在两类ITS2序列,其中一类在405nt处有一12bp(CGCAGGACCACC)插入序列。中华绒螯蟹rDNA的IGS部分长4240bp,AT含量为42.6%。IGS部分包含一个有约7个连续136～139bp单元组成的重复序列区,重复序列单元中存在XhoⅠ内切酶位点,为河蟹特有的重复序列;重复序列区后有一个由182个碱基对...     

Condition assessment of lamprey populations in the Yorkshire Ouse catchment,north‐east England,and the potential influence of physical migration barriers

• 1. River lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) are designated features of the River Derwent Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and the Humber Estuary (a possible SAC). This study determined the condition of lamprey populations in the Yorkshire Ouse catchment by assessing the species composition, distribution, abundance and size‐structure of larval (ammocoete) populations in five major tributary rivers (Derwent, Swale, Ure, Nidd and Wharfe).
• 2. According to EU condition assessment criteria, Lampetra populations (assumed to be mostly river lamprey) are at present in favourable condition, with site mean (±SE) densities ranging from 2.7 (±1.2) to 160.3 (±50.5) individuals m^?2 (all river means >2 individuals m^?2), and at least two size (≈age) classes present in optimal microhabitats. By contrast, no sea lamprey larvae were recorded, suggesting that populations of this species are in unfavourable condition.
• 3. Actions to protect and enhance nationally or internationally important stocks must be implemented from at least a catchment perspective, because many of the issues affecting such species are not localized. With respect to lampreys, particular attention should be given to protecting spawning and nursery habitats, improving water quality, reducing impingement at abstraction points, preventing exploitation at spawning grounds and increasing passage at potential physical obstructions.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

福建海洋渔业产业结构调整对策的探讨

一种产业的高速发展能否得以持续,关键在于是否对该产业结构进行不断调整,使之趋于最合理状态。为再度振兴福建海洋渔业,不失时机地进行渔业结构战略性调整是唯一选择。     

资源禀赋、收入结构与就业特征对农地承包权退出意愿的影响

为农地承包权的顺利退出提供参考,对苏州市和宿迁市7个村庄391家农户的调查数据,采用二元logistic回归模型分析农户资源禀赋、收入结构和就业特征对农地承包权退出意愿的影响。结果表明:1)资源禀赋方面,承包地面积、承包地块数、实际经营面积、宅基地面积以及是否发生过土地流转对承包权退出意愿影响不显著,而拥有城镇住房的家庭退出意愿更强烈。2)就业特征方面,农民外出务工时间越长、上班地点离农村越远、从事的职业与农业相关性越弱,则农户退出土地承包权的意愿越强烈,同时接受过非农技巧培训的农户更愿意退出土地承包权。3)收入结构方面,工资性收入所占比重越高则农户退出承包权的意愿越强,而家庭经营性收入占比较高的家庭越不愿退出承包地。     

大连沿海野生鼠尾藻种群生态调查

2009年7月至2010年7月对大连沿海4个采样点潮间带野生鼠尾藻种群的生长发育情况进行了生态学调查.结果显示,鼠尾藻种质资源的生态分布受海域地貌特征、自然环境条件、人为干扰等多方面因素的影响.藻体长度和质量增长受海水表面温度的影响最为显著,与盐度的季节变化无相关性.7-10月各种群生物量和长度达到最高值,5-7月出现...     

三峡水库小江回水区原生动物和轮虫群落结构特征及其与环境因子关系初步研究

2008年春、夏、秋和水华发生末期,对三峡水库小江回水区的原生动物、轮虫群落进行了调查,共监测到原生动物52种、轮虫35种;其中,原生动物秋季种类最多,有30种,轮虫夏季种类较多,有25种。水华发生末期的现存量最高,但多样性指数最低。理化参数的多因素方差分析、聚类分析结果表明,小江回水区水环境具有明显的时间异质性。从物种组成聚类结果来看,不同时间的原生动物和轮虫群落组成不同,且与水环境的时间异质性并不一致。浮游动物现存量与环境因子关系的冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,水温与浮游动物群落现存量呈显著正相关。     

Considerations of stock structure of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Indian Ocean based on fishery data

Yellowfin stock structure in the Indian Ocean was studied by using industrial tuna longline fishery data. Three types of test variables were used to detect stock structure, i.e., CPUE, age-specific CPUE, and coefficient of variation for size. Time-series data of test variables were compiled for six sub-areas that were arranged by dividing the whole region systematically along longitude lines every 20 degrees. Then time-series data were smoothed by moving averages, and regressed by simple models. Patterns of time-series trends were graphically and statistically compared to classify homogeneous sub-area groups. Two assumptions were (a) that homogeneous stocks exist longitudinally and overlap in adjacent waters, and (b) that test variables within homogeneous sub-area groups are equally affected, and hence patterns of the time-series trends are similar. After graphical screening for significant sub-area groups, analysis of covariance was applied to test homogeneity of regression parameters representing patterns of the time-series trends. By classifying homogeneous sub-area groups, stock structures were determined at the P <0.05 and P <0.50 levels. The P<0.50 level was recognized as a useful criterion for ‘weak’ test variables since masked or vague structures at the P <0.05 level were likely cleared at this level in many cases. Results of this study and past stock structure studies were reviewed and compared. It was concluded that there are two major and two minor stocks of yellowfin tuna. The two major stocks (the western and the eastern) are located at 40^o-90^oE and 70^o-130^oE respectively. The minor stocks are the far western and the far eastern stocks (the latter possibly being a part of the Pacific stock), which are located westward of 40^oE and eastward of 110^oE respectively. Neighboring stocks are intermingled in adjacent waters.